tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7725389407264612482024-03-13T12:19:50.246-07:00FLINTKNAPPING DIGESTTHE FLINTKNAPPING DIGEST BY: RAY HARWOODTHE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.comBlogger59125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-2705601458716695742013-06-03T15:04:00.002-07:002013-06-03T15:04:38.335-07:00STONE CULTURE<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 280px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="right" width="270"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="right" width="270"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span><br />
<div align="left">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Times, Times New Roman; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Stone Culture</i></b></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td align="right" width="4"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="4" /></td><td bgcolor="#666666" width="6"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="6" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 3px; width: 760px;"><tbody>
<tr><td width="180"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="180" /></td><td bgcolor="#666666" width="580"><img alt="" height="3" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="1" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td valign="top" width="180"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 180px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="4" height="15" width="180"><img alt="" height="15" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="1" /></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" width="180"><img alt="" height="3" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/t_gry_contents1.gif" width="142" /></td></tr>
<tr><td width="13"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="13" /></td><td bgcolor="#333333" width="6"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="6" /></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="123"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td><!--navbar Type="vert" uses-text="Y" face="Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="black" style="0"--><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtvZCyVbNJM6NcdLcx5dYC0C-9Bqn0hRjI_Pb_AIhwwi3tMLwR1bTpNeoiJkHM1tTprNf9ardp2zS8K9y8Skx0XSdoYF6gRsNVT3jY7qchphJfbu7YYiVPRjf583kE3PZzZVx64DxLPPw/s1600/stone+c+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtvZCyVbNJM6NcdLcx5dYC0C-9Bqn0hRjI_Pb_AIhwwi3tMLwR1bTpNeoiJkHM1tTprNf9ardp2zS8K9y8Skx0XSdoYF6gRsNVT3jY7qchphJfbu7YYiVPRjf583kE3PZzZVx64DxLPPw/s640/stone+c+5.jpg" width="480" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDL6RhQ3godLLtsu0jxWD4EEVdki9m3VnJiuSEVD2U5MvHX1MhIwX6Qw8sPj6tltXO2Cfat7HhiM2TbLcH6sSj0HUV1f80GijQAPusZMQb7UarcOqyyNBuSqLXDtgjwZXkszlOc3z6qCg/s1600/stone+c.+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDL6RhQ3godLLtsu0jxWD4EEVdki9m3VnJiuSEVD2U5MvHX1MhIwX6Qw8sPj6tltXO2Cfat7HhiM2TbLcH6sSj0HUV1f80GijQAPusZMQb7UarcOqyyNBuSqLXDtgjwZXkszlOc3z6qCg/s320/stone+c.+1.jpg" width="320" /></a> <!--/navbar--> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMhQtiQM_DLMkZNASZTL6Rrx0z5a46hfK_ZgLv_r2kyn18-BljZZeHLtnDU2BH8JfBhIrcb0__28juYe4imRA9X1NvofdxTWvTCULt4a1RzoT1EieKDQGPbdcQrcYHWTIC4plvzjJx8qY/s1600/stone+c+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMhQtiQM_DLMkZNASZTL6Rrx0z5a46hfK_ZgLv_r2kyn18-BljZZeHLtnDU2BH8JfBhIrcb0__28juYe4imRA9X1NvofdxTWvTCULt4a1RzoT1EieKDQGPbdcQrcYHWTIC4plvzjJx8qY/s400/stone+c+9.jpg" width="400" /></a> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td width="39"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="39" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td valign="top" width="580"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td height="5" width="580"><img alt="" height="5" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="1" /></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#333333" height="20" width="580"><img alt="" height="20" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="1" /></td></tr>
<tr><td height="5" width="580"><img alt="" height="5" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="1" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td height="3" width="280"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="280" /></td><td bgcolor="#666666" height="3" width="300"><img alt="" height="3" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="1" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td valign="top" width="574"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td><!--area Type="subhead" face="Arial, Helvetica" size="3" color="#000000" style="1"--> <img align="Left" alt="image301.jpg" border="0" hspace="5" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/.pond/image301.jpg.w300h201.jpg" vspace="0" width="240" /><br />
<div align="left">
<img alt="403739_362476757111878_100000486703449_1451502_361861738_n.jpg" border="0" height="300" hspace="5" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/.pond/403739_362476757111878_100000486703449_1451502_361861738_n.jpg.w300h225.jpg" vspace="0" width="400" /></div>
<img alt="image145.jpg" border="0" hspace="0" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/.pond/image145.jpg.w300h201.jpg" vspace="0" width="240" /><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: small;"><b></b></span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: small;"><b><em> <span style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium;">Stone Culture has been recognized with many awards and honors. Keith Hull, our original founder, is known as one of the greatest living Precision Flint Knappers in the world today. He has been centerfold featured in several flint knapping magazines, and has spoken on many circuits throughout the United States. His knives are collected around the world, and especially coveted in Europe.</span></em></b></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: small;"><b></b></span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: small;"><b><em><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium;"> Stone Culture is comprised of a large and diverisfied group of international and domestic flint knappers and enthusiasts.</span></em></b></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: small;"><b></b></span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: small;"><b><em><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium;">On our website you'll find fascinating information on stone age cultures, many World Renown Artists, purchasing authentic Stone Culture Items, and even buy tools and supplies to make your own items!</span></em></b></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: small;"><b></b></span><div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: small;"><b><em><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium;">We are also on facebook. Please feel free to add us to your friends list and meet many of our knappers in person! We welcome new members, and we'd love to see some of your work! Especially if it's made with one of our preforms or tools! </span></em> <!--"''"--></b></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: small;"><b></b></span> <br />
<!--/area Type="subhead"--> </td></tr>
<tr><td height="10" width="573"><img alt="" height="10" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="1" /></td></tr>
<tr><td><br />
<!--area Type="main" face="Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000" style="0"--> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: x-small;">We Accept:<br /> Paypal<br /> Cashiers Cheque<br /> Money Order<br /> Cash<br /> Euros<br /> Personal Checks (Allow 10 days to clear) <!--"''"--></span></div>
<br />
<!--/area Type="main"--> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td bgcolor="#666666" width="6"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="6" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="3" height="5" width="580"><img alt="" height="5" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="1" /></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#666666" width="6"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="6" /></td><td width="2"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="2" /></td><td valign="top" width="572"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td><!--area Type="area_a" face="Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000" style="0"--> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: x-small;">Our Current<strong> <span style="color: red;">e</span><span style="color: #0033cc;">b</span><span style="color: #ffcc00;">a</span><span style="color: #009900;">y</span></strong> Specials: <!--"''"--></span></div>
<br />
<div align="left">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center" background="/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="300"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;">Our ebay Store</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" background="/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif"><a href="http://stores.ebay.com/Stone-Culture?_trksid=p4340.l2563" target="tlx_new"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="403739_362476757111878_100000486703449_1451502_361861738_n.jpg" border="0" hspace="0" src="http://stoneculture.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/.pond/403739_362476757111878_100000486703449_1451502_361861738_n.jpg.w300h225.jpg" vspace="0" width="300" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" background="/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif" width="300"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;">Click the photo to be taken to our ebay store!</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: x-small;"><strong>"<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Our Ebay Auctions</span></em>" </strong><strong>Shipped via US Priority Mail</strong> </span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: x-small;"></span><br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">World Renown Artisan Keith Hull of Washington State! Keith's works are highly sought after, and collected<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>throughout the international art world. His work is on display in many galleries and museums throughout the USA, Europe, Asia, and Australia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sophistication of his work is unbelievably unique. His flake lines are uniform and exact, giving his pieces an authentic and traditional look and feel. His work rivals that of the late Grey Ghost, and has recently been compared to the greatest knappers of the world by the American Paleontologist Society. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Recipient of much praise and many coveted awards, Keith has been instrumental in establishing guidelines and regulations that govern the sales of Native American artifacts. The original founder of Stone Culture, he has sought to enforce integrity in representation of arrowheads and other stone blades. In 2003, Stone Culture so impressed the executives of eBay, that new regulations were formed to prevent the sale of fake artifacts on eBay, and preserve the rights of Native American Cultures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We at Stone Culture have been selling Obsidian knives, War-hawks, spears, arrows, and other tools internationally since 1994. Keith Hull is recognized by many in the flint knapping circles as being the best Flat Knapper alive today. He has toured circuits, and won numerous awards around North America and Internationally as well. Lightfoot is an Apache and Long standing member of Stone Culture. His peyote stitch is wrought with beautifully magical designs. Each piece is hand strung one bead at a time, with only the best quality glass and bone beads. Our items are all museum quality, and are sold all over the world to many different tribes in need an authentic item. All of our points sold are as Modern Points. They have been made by one of our many members as listed in the description, and are not historical artifacts. They have all been made in the traditional fashions of Native Americans flint knappers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I try to treat all my customers like they are the most important ones I have. I only sell rock that I would Knapp myself, and I high grade everything. Once in a while a bad one will slip by me, and if you get one, just let me know. I'll replace anything that turns out to have a crack in it. The only thing that I ask from my customers is that they share photos with me of their work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Keith Hull: Port Orchard, Washington <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhk9PAxW166zOfBlFAlYZE4CkOfET34tP2L2eMRt673a9TtF1_etBaXWBYlGhEOLiJYCKZX1U1p9j1mJsThRj1ReDCkl3cP-N2R8T9JjdgF8RA7iHLDOwO-JVDeM0Q2sMikkLSViB-c5U/s1600/stone+c+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhk9PAxW166zOfBlFAlYZE4CkOfET34tP2L2eMRt673a9TtF1_etBaXWBYlGhEOLiJYCKZX1U1p9j1mJsThRj1ReDCkl3cP-N2R8T9JjdgF8RA7iHLDOwO-JVDeM0Q2sMikkLSViB-c5U/s320/stone+c+2.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhruZEYwXD-zoTOItStriLi1F8hFs65F7yF1xImapC_tTMieHcYBdfQcV5gB39mhbUpJjZhFpKYp6x1rE8roJedIQa1_jo5GReKpxI016M368AOlpoQQTv6M0MDeo6nqjCn3Blt7nfd46o/s1600/stone+c+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhruZEYwXD-zoTOItStriLi1F8hFs65F7yF1xImapC_tTMieHcYBdfQcV5gB39mhbUpJjZhFpKYp6x1rE8roJedIQa1_jo5GReKpxI016M368AOlpoQQTv6M0MDeo6nqjCn3Blt7nfd46o/s320/stone+c+3.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1fqqYwc5FM7bublariIo2Cx_DsUAcygQF8J7MguBmx_SXFzYExFsnl6U_XbgXmTFt2AgrgZgSoe8b2V5h46gMoCgbM2xBYq_4loLUjnvmEfeQIMHfNtGNGKjFE9F1GhFXZ8BOaskF_ZM/s1600/stone+c+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1fqqYwc5FM7bublariIo2Cx_DsUAcygQF8J7MguBmx_SXFzYExFsnl6U_XbgXmTFt2AgrgZgSoe8b2V5h46gMoCgbM2xBYq_4loLUjnvmEfeQIMHfNtGNGKjFE9F1GhFXZ8BOaskF_ZM/s320/stone+c+4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtvZCyVbNJM6NcdLcx5dYC0C-9Bqn0hRjI_Pb_AIhwwi3tMLwR1bTpNeoiJkHM1tTprNf9ardp2zS8K9y8Skx0XSdoYF6gRsNVT3jY7qchphJfbu7YYiVPRjf583kE3PZzZVx64DxLPPw/s1600/stone+c+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF5cIUwGpmywwPkpDH_BYiYOcP-k7_QN_61J13trebZu8zS-GskkOIuCLRuO2UfwJxMPtlm_off4acTp3wd5Yo1yGb8xJoA-t00TWS5tTGjyUonFvYirvrB9jNYLwDFBJeKRp-h1rlCIM/s1600/stone+c+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF5cIUwGpmywwPkpDH_BYiYOcP-k7_QN_61J13trebZu8zS-GskkOIuCLRuO2UfwJxMPtlm_off4acTp3wd5Yo1yGb8xJoA-t00TWS5tTGjyUonFvYirvrB9jNYLwDFBJeKRp-h1rlCIM/s400/stone+c+6.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0v7Bj7Xjpk44LezfHZB02peRZfV0NTPpb5zp6Ul7Rh8uXoBpCtiL-SOqA7f9BXzu62uVq4V7qIsQQSdnef_w6h-O8VH92IBc67LMZJf1RDU5zh4F3K4M97DHp_gTUEyvcnAXd1kZobt0/s1600/stone+c+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0v7Bj7Xjpk44LezfHZB02peRZfV0NTPpb5zp6Ul7Rh8uXoBpCtiL-SOqA7f9BXzu62uVq4V7qIsQQSdnef_w6h-O8VH92IBc67LMZJf1RDU5zh4F3K4M97DHp_gTUEyvcnAXd1kZobt0/s320/stone+c+7.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiUVavq9Oc9R2o3oSniY-PBdIgp7U-x65-aRYwRI_kOaCpI7x8P03BTGRo56zoZ-1vz_nBhrQXRXg1vN-Hd4pNAnLTGWa_0LHh8hwaGRCZ7sgwej3bebCm2DatmsyEa_QU9ku7DII_gQY/s1600/stone+c+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiUVavq9Oc9R2o3oSniY-PBdIgp7U-x65-aRYwRI_kOaCpI7x8P03BTGRo56zoZ-1vz_nBhrQXRXg1vN-Hd4pNAnLTGWa_0LHh8hwaGRCZ7sgwej3bebCm2DatmsyEa_QU9ku7DII_gQY/s320/stone+c+8.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMhQtiQM_DLMkZNASZTL6Rrx0z5a46hfK_ZgLv_r2kyn18-BljZZeHLtnDU2BH8JfBhIrcb0__28juYe4imRA9X1NvofdxTWvTCULt4a1RzoT1EieKDQGPbdcQrcYHWTIC4plvzjJx8qY/s1600/stone+c+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDL6RhQ3godLLtsu0jxWD4EEVdki9m3VnJiuSEVD2U5MvHX1MhIwX6Qw8sPj6tltXO2Cfat7HhiM2TbLcH6sSj0HUV1f80GijQAPusZMQb7UarcOqyyNBuSqLXDtgjwZXkszlOc3z6qCg/s1600/stone+c.+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-71995596817479371272013-05-09T02:14:00.001-07:002013-05-09T02:14:57.644-07:00Flintknapper Jeannie Binning<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik7AQGB_T0t7lOk2S7crKCN0LAivegcFFX082w4ZNOYUXp0NCExD97SQ66l8zXi_3nxofkIiF8WyrIZcdHsFItMQgFhqLZ22Vh0vV_zBXv4jHTL3Ziaf0jOvNl4pjSQA6EqTth7p7yV-_R/s1600/a2+320404_153336224757867_1339154285_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik7AQGB_T0t7lOk2S7crKCN0LAivegcFFX082w4ZNOYUXp0NCExD97SQ66l8zXi_3nxofkIiF8WyrIZcdHsFItMQgFhqLZ22Vh0vV_zBXv4jHTL3Ziaf0jOvNl4pjSQA6EqTth7p7yV-_R/s200/a2+320404_153336224757867_1339154285_n.jpg" width="200" /></a> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/aRnT2D5D-sQ" width="420"></iframe> <br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Flintknapping Hall of Fame, Flintknapper Jeannie Binning</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN4DiO2kNt5vs3T1M34exkrr6Kgx7UvzOYlQZ6hwrIeNeb6Ku8u_5rL5CpKAlb2VDrrXTqUr5_GQZutnJuiA_Ug_C2AUlsPSEuEjcZ0IqdK9hYEelFxadGS-1jENTRvwZH_UOmD1VTAmfM/s1600/C+NARC+18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN4DiO2kNt5vs3T1M34exkrr6Kgx7UvzOYlQZ6hwrIeNeb6Ku8u_5rL5CpKAlb2VDrrXTqUr5_GQZutnJuiA_Ug_C2AUlsPSEuEjcZ0IqdK9hYEelFxadGS-1jENTRvwZH_UOmD1VTAmfM/s400/C+NARC+18.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Jeannie Binning FLINTKNAPPER</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Jeannie Binning. California State University Riverside PhD in Archaeology . Flintknapping since the 1970s. <br />
Archaeologist, Flintknapper, Primitive Technologist. <br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/-50SqYJdxL8" width="420"></iframe> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/-50SqYJdxL8" width="420"></iframe> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/81YsYrN6Vro" width="420"></iframe> while lecturing at the University of Arizona at Tuson.<br />
The story of modern California knapping. I met Jeannie Binning at the<br />
1984 NARC knap in. Jeannie one of the better knappers, and is most<br />
likely the best female flintknapper in the world , She is now an<br />
instructor at U.C. Riverside. This is where she got her Ph.D..<br />
Jeannie was born and raised in southern California and got her BA<br />
degree and Cal. State Northrige while working at NARC. Jeannie<br />
Binning is a master at knapping obsidian and true to her instructors,<br />
Don Crabtree and later Jeffery Flenniken, she is excellent at<br />
knapping large wide obsidian bifaced blades. Jeannie was told me the<br />
story of when she first went to the Crabtree Flintknapping Field<br />
School in Idaho. She and some other students arrived at the little<br />
airport and some old guy came and picked the up in some old jalopy,<br />
the guy was nice enough and rather unassuming. It wasn't until they<br />
were at their destination that she learned the old guy was" the dean<br />
of American flintknapping", Don Crabtree. She told me that when Don<br />
was teaching her some technique and he cut his hand. he was on blood<br />
thinners for his heart condition and blood was squirting everywhere ,<br />
but he kept on knapping, he was intent on teaching me. Jeannie has<br />
been to many of the Field Schools, first as a student then as an<br />
assistant.<br />
<br />
<br />
Here is Jeannie's School: <br />
<br />
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY FIELD SCHOOLField School Dates: Saturday, June 11 to Friday, June 24, 2011 <br />
Field School Location: California Desert Studies Center, ZZYZX, California <br />
Desert Studies Center Information: http://biology.fullerton.edu/dsc/school/about.html <br />
Registration Instructions: Complete this Registration Form and return it to the address below with a refundable deposit ($450) or payment in full. Upon receipt of your completed Registration Form, you will be sent a confirmation letter and additional information. Please note that the remaining payment is due two weeks before the Field School begins (May 27th). Checks or money orders only<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUckClgaphm5DvN_UAPVs4_IAOQaxkyK2LjA0T0R4aFt5Y2gfsO9WGfBMfIvooj2vuunDllMtMwUqpozYXI6tbmH3L44JWoqsJwNaPnHzlOIQVjTN6C_V6NEnmjlxI2owSeAIKRXFyy0B5/s1600/Wrightwood_1988__14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUckClgaphm5DvN_UAPVs4_IAOQaxkyK2LjA0T0R4aFt5Y2gfsO9WGfBMfIvooj2vuunDllMtMwUqpozYXI6tbmH3L44JWoqsJwNaPnHzlOIQVjTN6C_V6NEnmjlxI2owSeAIKRXFyy0B5/s640/Wrightwood_1988__14.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNSlbQHEiVWuPsBUfbX8bkfoTXtKW-5r3-krApv2z1A9SvhSuXWGq5hNl4eUlDTSxYd5r2q2nJNI6peaeVeUBYEgp_zBamT1KxcXqvDCL5BTlrNkqoyOWFjKU0S83Gt5CHr5MA9pxso4yI/s1600/WRIGHTWOOD_28.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNSlbQHEiVWuPsBUfbX8bkfoTXtKW-5r3-krApv2z1A9SvhSuXWGq5hNl4eUlDTSxYd5r2q2nJNI6peaeVeUBYEgp_zBamT1KxcXqvDCL5BTlrNkqoyOWFjKU0S83Gt5CHr5MA9pxso4yI/s320/WRIGHTWOOD_28.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdIofCDUzvctRVLPWTQ7BYLAj3EP5PhzgC6T1ae9Vi4_fgEr7ytJBRoUDWoEJ00MXvn5Dftzgo_I4As8lOVoX04Ggi_jMnqKQHMTiTKG-NMtgLG2NWzrrF-JdhCHF3BIKcNtFRwvxtwm13/s1600/Wrightwood_1988__13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdIofCDUzvctRVLPWTQ7BYLAj3EP5PhzgC6T1ae9Vi4_fgEr7ytJBRoUDWoEJ00MXvn5Dftzgo_I4As8lOVoX04Ggi_jMnqKQHMTiTKG-NMtgLG2NWzrrF-JdhCHF3BIKcNtFRwvxtwm13/s320/Wrightwood_1988__13.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF7LHUCd5nifrHFEkVxJ-A8HQ0U9YHsmWPb-NkrLXW4Gh2Qw2Mi4esuSbt0maURa8jLXLXd-zq4FhDqKrIh0e8nk2t2Kv3kSP7f7IK-ZY16X6TL6NAXzzjjPZdtGF6KzqNC7oCBHioQ0sY/s1600/WOMAN+OF+FLINTKNAPPING+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF7LHUCd5nifrHFEkVxJ-A8HQ0U9YHsmWPb-NkrLXW4Gh2Qw2Mi4esuSbt0maURa8jLXLXd-zq4FhDqKrIh0e8nk2t2Kv3kSP7f7IK-ZY16X6TL6NAXzzjjPZdtGF6KzqNC7oCBHioQ0sY/s320/WOMAN+OF+FLINTKNAPPING+3.jpg" width="228" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBR9at_oDwPD8olWO5VjytD-6YGDDYoLpLdgUHgf0PDZ2bP273w7MdZ_sSDlzeg4hV8haOmD0fmXO6Kb6bcJ1QvDwG-pE6GkXfhEG9T3srmFP1-Vx1bM42swWAF3TFJY5Qh05rQFsC_CYI/s1600/Ray_and_Jeannie_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBR9at_oDwPD8olWO5VjytD-6YGDDYoLpLdgUHgf0PDZ2bP273w7MdZ_sSDlzeg4hV8haOmD0fmXO6Kb6bcJ1QvDwG-pE6GkXfhEG9T3srmFP1-Vx1bM42swWAF3TFJY5Qh05rQFsC_CYI/s320/Ray_and_Jeannie_.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA0LuiGPpiJdRdLYNRvA0D85OeMymAeM_De4hlad9K77ot3hwpXyUW8BB7pNVZIms4lqp9QRqt8-vDGZeKNdLqy8Is5-JAj1NvgDOG7aoDn5oECfJLH5Ebyp18nhiQd5vKVrBOiA-nhHJN/s1600/don+222s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA0LuiGPpiJdRdLYNRvA0D85OeMymAeM_De4hlad9K77ot3hwpXyUW8BB7pNVZIms4lqp9QRqt8-vDGZeKNdLqy8Is5-JAj1NvgDOG7aoDn5oECfJLH5Ebyp18nhiQd5vKVrBOiA-nhHJN/s320/don+222s.png" width="223" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DON CRABTREE AND GENE TITMUS</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5VH8NwXIfCEAhkh0UtVEorSdSeEewxglioplm_ZpzIe7i7bhY0heUALPBptpiEo9YDHrIDljLrcMA3WFrsdZvOo7MvbkTj2JFAW912iT8uwog2HoHQVKmNWejHrDwyjB6RrP1YRs1x3FZ/s1600/ray_and_Jeannie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5VH8NwXIfCEAhkh0UtVEorSdSeEewxglioplm_ZpzIe7i7bhY0heUALPBptpiEo9YDHrIDljLrcMA3WFrsdZvOo7MvbkTj2JFAW912iT8uwog2HoHQVKmNWejHrDwyjB6RrP1YRs1x3FZ/s320/ray_and_Jeannie.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">RAY HARWOOD AND JEANNIE BINNING</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF4zpF3K1zs8-ls6v8FQazbEYlpdUXYKDKELlKy-pSNL-PaCQ3PwYOgW-sx0a-rEJjTVRK4aBlJ0Zgl6pR-rgj0fe455i8as_B21_9YJ1JKbbsrSVjaBS-wupeKE-xXK_CR5Hshr30nEyT/s1600/peter_22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF4zpF3K1zs8-ls6v8FQazbEYlpdUXYKDKELlKy-pSNL-PaCQ3PwYOgW-sx0a-rEJjTVRK4aBlJ0Zgl6pR-rgj0fe455i8as_B21_9YJ1JKbbsrSVjaBS-wupeKE-xXK_CR5Hshr30nEyT/s320/peter_22.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidZj74YtcSZG0dzPuF90WgcncxEQm8Yi2jl84glcQtZFW4lHhBaD0U8OIuE5NZNduKG_M8Y8ElpDXuiDQsm3WuYvCR497y0Z8DpoA4_olef1wDfmXL5PJX_qaOEFk46AX248wZWfVYwrMY/s1600/JEANNE+BINNING+1983.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidZj74YtcSZG0dzPuF90WgcncxEQm8Yi2jl84glcQtZFW4lHhBaD0U8OIuE5NZNduKG_M8Y8ElpDXuiDQsm3WuYvCR497y0Z8DpoA4_olef1wDfmXL5PJX_qaOEFk46AX248wZWfVYwrMY/s640/JEANNE+BINNING+1983.jpg" width="584" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Jeannie Binning FLINTKNAPPER</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfrleZG9JhzsVMY_dyl9jEfnzKkbLUqNs71Nw4ozvEThOKorhFOA_qYi8TFo8kkiRCOrhGwldafs0znUjUkCdG22m_H0jZktITVZuybElcG0jFT26-1VFRJIq8jaYonUIwBihawPJl0XcW/s1600/A1+CRABTREE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfrleZG9JhzsVMY_dyl9jEfnzKkbLUqNs71Nw4ozvEThOKorhFOA_qYi8TFo8kkiRCOrhGwldafs0znUjUkCdG22m_H0jZktITVZuybElcG0jFT26-1VFRJIq8jaYonUIwBihawPJl0XcW/s320/A1+CRABTREE.jpg" width="195" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCA5F7aXp9-_2fLHkVnyz0hLwYtj0_8OzsZi3j7UHNSgez1XjIvpV1SwzXjrCAjl1mFg0rnA53Vsg6Fsguu56T1VMr_XpFEinpMDZvVSpMKs-vdA5thTPJyvJ5Kh9HamPGGx5lpn898tev/s1600/C+NARC+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCA5F7aXp9-_2fLHkVnyz0hLwYtj0_8OzsZi3j7UHNSgez1XjIvpV1SwzXjrCAjl1mFg0rnA53Vsg6Fsguu56T1VMr_XpFEinpMDZvVSpMKs-vdA5thTPJyvJ5Kh9HamPGGx5lpn898tev/s320/C+NARC+8.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Jeannie Binning FLINTKNAPPER</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN4DiO2kNt5vs3T1M34exkrr6Kgx7UvzOYlQZ6hwrIeNeb6Ku8u_5rL5CpKAlb2VDrrXTqUr5_GQZutnJuiA_Ug_C2AUlsPSEuEjcZ0IqdK9hYEelFxadGS-1jENTRvwZH_UOmD1VTAmfM/s1600/C+NARC+18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN4DiO2kNt5vs3T1M34exkrr6Kgx7UvzOYlQZ6hwrIeNeb6Ku8u_5rL5CpKAlb2VDrrXTqUr5_GQZutnJuiA_Ug_C2AUlsPSEuEjcZ0IqdK9hYEelFxadGS-1jENTRvwZH_UOmD1VTAmfM/s640/C+NARC+18.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Jeannie Binning FLINTKNAPPER</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7iaW6Ux1GlZMMbjwlpAC2ND_2iKNKriGivjAN1xxP__XjkX9AaaRU0IcTy_B7tUz9L-4_T1JyyUOqwfV59BrXtrkLIAVnAIeyMydKCmnCl9kmalKEJJgHEFhzcs4eIh9E8SEwGkJWkmZQ/s1600/C+NARC+6.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7iaW6Ux1GlZMMbjwlpAC2ND_2iKNKriGivjAN1xxP__XjkX9AaaRU0IcTy_B7tUz9L-4_T1JyyUOqwfV59BrXtrkLIAVnAIeyMydKCmnCl9kmalKEJJgHEFhzcs4eIh9E8SEwGkJWkmZQ/s320/C+NARC+6.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_gGJVxYSs4FJn7ys_LhYoyngpmQzK-RHG77lkpt3vLYs9er79weQL7izUcHIffexxVpCALdSBH1s5QneBT-ykn-8SU2okIwrjU_7VfjQHRlKzFMJnsRxUPUVZt5IIMmUsZ5dskn1WYdB/s1600/C+NARC+9.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_gGJVxYSs4FJn7ys_LhYoyngpmQzK-RHG77lkpt3vLYs9er79weQL7izUcHIffexxVpCALdSBH1s5QneBT-ykn-8SU2okIwrjU_7VfjQHRlKzFMJnsRxUPUVZt5IIMmUsZ5dskn1WYdB/s320/C+NARC+9.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjscYbxb-1lo242znvxQKLy94zGL0Y-FJf6tnEMellSSnR66pBQeo5oHAVaqyYy6cFNuo-1aM1q0AgNfFKgM093XZ6vJJOQhIviQM5XOygpUDR9KBDC06SX69L-KdYJDOF61m_WYQUHhJQO/s1600/C+NARC+10.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjscYbxb-1lo242znvxQKLy94zGL0Y-FJf6tnEMellSSnR66pBQeo5oHAVaqyYy6cFNuo-1aM1q0AgNfFKgM093XZ6vJJOQhIviQM5XOygpUDR9KBDC06SX69L-KdYJDOF61m_WYQUHhJQO/s320/C+NARC+10.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNMZL_Rq9F9Hm2WhTk5ZYrB2QUzpgy0E-65AIywiq3v9bvRsWp368CRqsaDG-E-7eZi47enrZMXnj3ysxMJD3wUATt6JIdyuLlsepwBObrTBGWeBjEEgikJbopWdPotb1sCVIYPzWxrO7P/s1600/C+NARC+12.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNMZL_Rq9F9Hm2WhTk5ZYrB2QUzpgy0E-65AIywiq3v9bvRsWp368CRqsaDG-E-7eZi47enrZMXnj3ysxMJD3wUATt6JIdyuLlsepwBObrTBGWeBjEEgikJbopWdPotb1sCVIYPzWxrO7P/s320/C+NARC+12.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlQxSkHbgSzN2VKT6upiepii3sdFaZ8SiMXdGg88B0fgobm3xKCA3JOpzzkMpFjTY3Hkz25Kh-RUV9SElRFvPLH9RBY5d3two8ur1FU-LBr9AJYv89d9EVzJnAlsvsi4alTSv9wStQI4-J/s1600/C+NARC+14.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlQxSkHbgSzN2VKT6upiepii3sdFaZ8SiMXdGg88B0fgobm3xKCA3JOpzzkMpFjTY3Hkz25Kh-RUV9SElRFvPLH9RBY5d3two8ur1FU-LBr9AJYv89d9EVzJnAlsvsi4alTSv9wStQI4-J/s320/C+NARC+14.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS2nLZp5V6dMxI4HpyI3Aza8R1CS6FXz7Z0xNi7tIOJVzxSatnJ4os5kQUVJ3quZjlEX2EtkEfBfzCOQ98D-U9kGyfdYM_qLVfughP46OVhLwWulv4htUiJjwPAYRxY0Y86bAffI8C5dM3/s1600/C+NARC+17.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS2nLZp5V6dMxI4HpyI3Aza8R1CS6FXz7Z0xNi7tIOJVzxSatnJ4os5kQUVJ3quZjlEX2EtkEfBfzCOQ98D-U9kGyfdYM_qLVfughP46OVhLwWulv4htUiJjwPAYRxY0Y86bAffI8C5dM3/s320/C+NARC+17.jpg" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik7AQGB_T0t7lOk2S7crKCN0LAivegcFFX082w4ZNOYUXp0NCExD97SQ66l8zXi_3nxofkIiF8WyrIZcdHsFItMQgFhqLZ22Vh0vV_zBXv4jHTL3Ziaf0jOvNl4pjSQA6EqTth7p7yV-_R/s1600/a2+320404_153336224757867_1339154285_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik7AQGB_T0t7lOk2S7crKCN0LAivegcFFX082w4ZNOYUXp0NCExD97SQ66l8zXi_3nxofkIiF8WyrIZcdHsFItMQgFhqLZ22Vh0vV_zBXv4jHTL3Ziaf0jOvNl4pjSQA6EqTth7p7yV-_R/s320/a2+320404_153336224757867_1339154285_n.jpg" /></a><a a="" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig5CU_m9tB-N8dz6uzIbtTpgCjekyduqXTrHds5xKgGE5PqdAcSx0pYrL7cC-1YXOxo3jd8wLi2wThSLq4r1eyGSmIJpRR0MWnUmFjLMQrVGdz19zpswDGX350U-wDuryrdaFyIgglBQ2X/s1600/PETER32.jpg" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx=""><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539986152292887874" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig5CU_m9tB-N8dz6uzIbtTpgCjekyduqXTrHds5xKgGE5PqdAcSx0pYrL7cC-1YXOxo3jd8wLi2wThSLq4r1eyGSmIJpRR0MWnUmFjLMQrVGdz19zpswDGX350U-wDuryrdaFyIgglBQ2X/s400/PETER32.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 288px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGMzsmdeh32eCY39tkwlgQ49K-WzDy8EDXErJNl4WeRZmOdYHuND1Hzv7BJyl1OPzsFwQJdl-N0veh-feHOWwU1Sot5dqfuriOLJshPb4K02TBMkd94RWLJkDxw9XpDKgj5R2mVKrS4ZZw/s1600/PETER16.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCDRs48RKURs3hx9avOJGYAvW_5qqxnelgC_XD6l8MUG8G8YnatPXnPed_Qr4yVZKoR8lWj4XKbFx8ItTyxtz-AoNC1Dn_gKqPKtcDQcVzt5Q39H2HJkQKbE3qNfKQmv2YDau40QDJ-vS7/s1600/PETER+38.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539985263054660754" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCDRs48RKURs3hx9avOJGYAvW_5qqxnelgC_XD6l8MUG8G8YnatPXnPed_Qr4yVZKoR8lWj4XKbFx8ItTyxtz-AoNC1Dn_gKqPKtcDQcVzt5Q39H2HJkQKbE3qNfKQmv2YDau40QDJ-vS7/s400/PETER+38.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 198px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1jmVFZRLxD4dJeWLsiIJZh7v99oJgnbE6yp-tu6qAEhjUo2X5p8nN0PWOdtTTzkzFDkyBuCHU-tZzCgD1F1e35qWc8fPDEfcoTLSE9azQmkjiqomDNc0lAG-jGfszQykGlyNvB7nuOx26/s1600/PETER+37.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539985258008877874" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1jmVFZRLxD4dJeWLsiIJZh7v99oJgnbE6yp-tu6qAEhjUo2X5p8nN0PWOdtTTzkzFDkyBuCHU-tZzCgD1F1e35qWc8fPDEfcoTLSE9azQmkjiqomDNc0lAG-jGfszQykGlyNvB7nuOx26/s400/PETER+37.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 288px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHzC314zpdddIEwFpemIXY0oJRSFoZcl54-3mkdaE-ks4bMs1OQZeNgzYLQSL7_G2eNs3WeWsFgO29oG4MmKB2uoSC-E_wk5kPftLc08MGMg1fW7pIUyh-mkaq_uPu-iVk8chp7ZDg6HGI/s1600/PETER+35.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYpzqvuuCq8sES6R2Ff4z0IDdpSH8iTYhuvI0Da9fOuavVf4sWFzYgRDMy1m3ji2M-V_0bud9wR7tYnNH3HK1OOxJZ2TvonYM8iuzz_SawHNaACA4OY9ivGWKLiuGo6Ab_9Dub_dBdrUF_/s1600/PETER+34.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539984932996139906" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYpzqvuuCq8sES6R2Ff4z0IDdpSH8iTYhuvI0Da9fOuavVf4sWFzYgRDMy1m3ji2M-V_0bud9wR7tYnNH3HK1OOxJZ2TvonYM8iuzz_SawHNaACA4OY9ivGWKLiuGo6Ab_9Dub_dBdrUF_/s400/PETER+34.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 283px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidrYDbpxeFj7omQITVGyT2iFiZP04VJX8IiEwCRz7sdpY2VZGlROfbWbBpS2bm1RIUGKZcqIEzwCbIhUDjHQ07XNjXRSn84yiIhddPBEfI_0NhgorHP1SlVuNs5WeJmMUPd-d4g-d3og0K/s1600/PETER+33.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539984921855239618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidrYDbpxeFj7omQITVGyT2iFiZP04VJX8IiEwCRz7sdpY2VZGlROfbWbBpS2bm1RIUGKZcqIEzwCbIhUDjHQ07XNjXRSn84yiIhddPBEfI_0NhgorHP1SlVuNs5WeJmMUPd-d4g-d3og0K/s400/PETER+33.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 253px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi08vyeD00GaFIgoIMN7xwo6-ac739kcQMv50SvzqzWVyqAcs_GI48hJVgAQPazlXUbIaCv08zYkBIfg9mrNlv9popywVk6qyL1OOEeGPWoczdRvMBysO80bLpfeMdM1y8VUxm1SXVhl3IE/s1600/PETER+31.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGESyswUNMDjEmRsnTnLaK_LWuLXf4GZUDusTI8TlAZeP7f16FZL8HYY4EE2dY9hT15fp2GOF_QAqJlkRvZYGx_iCwZMUiKgKuW8WGzlZ970ADDrOeYxKtF17MpRbZyP7sTlXW5X6cUW1-/s1600/PETER+30.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539984394163679442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGESyswUNMDjEmRsnTnLaK_LWuLXf4GZUDusTI8TlAZeP7f16FZL8HYY4EE2dY9hT15fp2GOF_QAqJlkRvZYGx_iCwZMUiKgKuW8WGzlZ970ADDrOeYxKtF17MpRbZyP7sTlXW5X6cUW1-/s400/PETER+30.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 284px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgs6upqQ6Qd1M9ItdrBW02ZY9eE8zOv5R0HFZKJLqGjZJWgDxCqg7gp-g-3UkRljQ7akfEIDrT7QuCogD9abtKa9GwLJeFVOYs8feI77I0ZivtN0V93Vw09ugH6IYgi0-FtM62qeU9hCR5/s1600/PETER+29.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539984387901977074" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgs6upqQ6Qd1M9ItdrBW02ZY9eE8zOv5R0HFZKJLqGjZJWgDxCqg7gp-g-3UkRljQ7akfEIDrT7QuCogD9abtKa9GwLJeFVOYs8feI77I0ZivtN0V93Vw09ugH6IYgi0-FtM62qeU9hCR5/s400/PETER+29.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 284px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3GBfabmzuUmyVqvwgffKKp4mQiqVq3yCEtVJXc2e4bely7n0KgXARXFibXllYcarx2dpzq3A7yupGfy9G84nFNOaDMdNwdR1e5CH1jflbq2bNnx2xLzYj23lvRxUdsGdwsDefSFESyr7h/s1600/PETER+28.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc64jvXct5zzRJDdMzqFnQiC5QzdlU6_NwpoqoClFdX13hG28z2Kkos5m2TbwpChG-jukjJbJgwNe_bbdXYjlvKlarRYRt5Eo5kJPir2gUttohSWzSlN06OennK1xXwvpqdPHEEjhkq1nS/s1600/peter+26.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPYAy8keWH6894SrKPKEKGV6Qz7LOxlJHso7Iva71XmgGMg2bjb9kCmR4HnjL4g2iYNC07kO-h7EQ7WSbOS49hYqMQkBw3MEVnvOyMlsvqjIiISuy56kkFPm0mzfTAJKtEA0xDQKg1dfgQ/s1600/peter+25.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlOVl2WI6nDAiG2RsIzNQb73snt0WD7ivY3cJ7XEJUgaz38xGPMoBL9eaZZu9E1XKPcp43gCuqJoU_7OXKY8EEjLr6wWFbBw4Pw-5ucfhhg0podI_3LVxFsDMrPLwNPUERl8XF6GA4-cA_/s1600/peter+24.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIM55jXzqD1tZT8xnZA-BpBu7VFAxH-cCnDPRnjAZTvDQ0uy3b7b6r9pDvxZ4wJZaZvD-wS5HMZl4m1BKYFxAFwjyOQsyEL2xMk26kw8fPp3PgVkVx9Xh_i43I_BrZufYVHY3QDf2fYmFx/s1600/peter+23.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEkmy25ydhmp_UGrr875DahdxJNAwcQ346YU_EZBgotVRECuJTejsnfgNCeazv0exQVf03WlAMNXBo1golgabjQDlAba4p2CW-bh6W9yKutrtAGGhSwLjZKMYDDUzQvtZeaWqiq9vF6Axe/s1600/peter+22.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539983180383708050" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEkmy25ydhmp_UGrr875DahdxJNAwcQ346YU_EZBgotVRECuJTejsnfgNCeazv0exQVf03WlAMNXBo1golgabjQDlAba4p2CW-bh6W9yKutrtAGGhSwLjZKMYDDUzQvtZeaWqiq9vF6Axe/s400/peter+22.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 284px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Rn_s_FzOi4vmtLCg2XqanTYy7DLTIaLV5trSwYlq6lRnCnB9EZ1nVJKZto1pXkOzaxgwKxS9YKsfOt9hBGyIAmkndToXTmKLwzi7NK4j4IHuucTko60M4iAGu0RTedRgSTuUKi_p_pQ9/s1600/peter+21.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibmhDMvme6jC-goSnlrs5CbGS3YyJ1JC62JE0irsh2DHG5ZzvAMMEoxTQmnUGqaRu5IoOsCDg0Z-JAFMWX0jJivhnnDmxcVvb0YbcS9bmXfXkbznhbxjeJSajKIyIhB5h6B3ZWzlxrIwCn/s1600/peter+20.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539982782809671842" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibmhDMvme6jC-goSnlrs5CbGS3YyJ1JC62JE0irsh2DHG5ZzvAMMEoxTQmnUGqaRu5IoOsCDg0Z-JAFMWX0jJivhnnDmxcVvb0YbcS9bmXfXkbznhbxjeJSajKIyIhB5h6B3ZWzlxrIwCn/s400/peter+20.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 293px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDz4dbBSnvlmLwuyqHld3dD63JdWaY6FUWuYmUTrN2mFEvJfgvLn7EzBDlv7bZwwGR_-uiBApANlSJV3j-nJXHA-L3MREcfsi9inMEvB0-0bhBmjvZkx23SQUvJmSVOLQaPagbTDjWL9TC/s1600/peter+18.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDMoAeEFXdjZ0Ww0rCOWWhfx7Uu_y5v7WqCeeUGHu4EsBSpqUIjM3Rl3u70iLVrL7Kn4OgLregSU-zSLb299HuSZ8xWm1W82nUiofFotdI0fO8bJNGQ7h4Xn9XbpaGnAZssv3tuqc8mpi9/s1600/peter+17.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539982775019665026" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDMoAeEFXdjZ0Ww0rCOWWhfx7Uu_y5v7WqCeeUGHu4EsBSpqUIjM3Rl3u70iLVrL7Kn4OgLregSU-zSLb299HuSZ8xWm1W82nUiofFotdI0fO8bJNGQ7h4Xn9XbpaGnAZssv3tuqc8mpi9/s400/peter+17.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 283px;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkfVXKxF7B9hoPiAOAPDWU0qV1iYlwbeXomj9v4spx5V2hj7KU75vyPgfdLekatMDL0UhW9y6xm9hFPvrFW-L-lLXwA5KVZ-3Vn4a3owRoRxGzCvooMk2j2Rlm5zTwoIFy2EazOrEz20LG/s1600/PETER+15.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5ul-B0RiH8OxhejnAD3nLmbnuFOrFWa2zbFoO-MFvGpkNjl266_NyqOFoyCQ-7sqiHVhvYvvATr1-5jFqcqUahWZhcg5zAk9sibDLES-5dXKdawKDQJq2PYwQnH3a89STf1s7pHHclslB/s1600/PETER+14.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib1mrfAPWzJ2yRLrfSkA4dt0hpB1XMtmd2-xXKXnE6OwpmT6ZM7MLKqFrbECSiJXNCNBRis8CgyH17S_swQCUxtmvjxBUn_Mb6SPYd3QRR1w1LmZZ0HlFnypcJ4D8Vk8sWIUmTr-5xAT40/s1600/peter+13.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-8nsF8jY9IuvCNHCN8nEugg10i4_gZXVDqrL4FKTbJhKhMcrZVSzVl36D1xK5OTAo9_NfRBz7VYEiPCRmuvSNC-i94IhOgve_Ie9hkWBgfu02KBbpaBRnXyeaXXRgNDVy5hlZV2coHoFZ/s1600/PETER+12.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeS9NONaiu5HOkCfNrF2ZiJmmW9UxE1vxyMvEHFN9kabZ6HXuEuxVpv6bX-UBew485XRxdgqIhhequgmGOjqKLyKORZX5Yl1MUMilqsbAVGYGpabu1lIvgVplflEiKGWjXRmAF42Wjw_A_/s1600/PETER+11.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1eUKMUb_IIySROuRPYvfyzbFGukLgxSOIdbGcZb_F3_JKEgVxF6HOn_sy850Kis4-uotWjdma-1f-k7kWyPN2lhKbK3tWNgSVlCBsj3nxX5L4mlJUGUn148AMHRg6etGIG0lrsPeI1Lxn/s1600/PETER+10.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUP5QDeCd1IHC-stta4ycR1a6gUQB_4yutYi2MXF8jw0PKjFhTrfPJxGqvj1yt8DwYabzcH4pd_1oasmcpJF15B7A-ydaaAmOzriajyZ20FUVbfQrT56drlxwsJGW89QhN6CuC_Iie1fUI/s1600/PETER+9.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdMZYlUxqqx3P6oSq9ytaxZ2l0jsdDrRDK5EQwqwvSuDmxezA-Or7qkViKst27Cy8cdFQ7xbEwLCfP-fmODSJG03Ft1rY8ML99yvsXkRGTfqotCw9kAvDJT_HrhhW8ySyuuwCrKYBmznf8/s1600/PETER+8.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1BzyawKy8LLjNGG18dyw_jjxCqowXvr35YT4JE3sVP3zTRTreYOo3JRhVGiSIgFuHmSvBfR4nwuRRL4y0Vi6qbbH_WddVXM83C9un1rhijLmx6I_OWsrplEeNXkjb7yYMIzpl1j59IVg8/s1600/PETER+7.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN8pEC7SI-p_TxgTtRFMWMvE3JM_Mvj9pSq1qAjoBdfm7vIurW8ScJcsBUIlO4OvNf4QJZo0kuSCWVoh7DeKED_NR7RM09wO01KcEeoi7BGJ-802vn3eawSdZHt2vpzffgBLs0jAaqTs5m/s1600/PETER+6.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwtip0mNvixa45v-2AkfuVHFNNfkwZVBsDnOoGslhB11AufIIbzZWvr_sSdF_-4hFtrsIrdCgCjVXKGJPwF_2-x75KW2UlTZIt-hKyGDP-TKN8UTkHOQqiAO9ypa3mM2vbyZT9k-p6-AS5/s1600/PETER+5.jpg"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHDgIMkaJcZGA10pDVWUMR1oi07cUxab1PE8B4wpH2jRtTfiqfsdn-HILWBi6h1Q5z7JNR7l4MXBECKpY-AHWdPa9S0UMaZjoSCRcSvjT3Q4S1ws8Zgh_npPV_UuySlnpACpb3tYTjpy2T/s1600/PETER+3.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg41QGc6N2Nrd5AU4WPOT1Xp_Na4AAsTRrN01_-LbSBFt2AvUe4WxWXN5CHvdzIiIs8nU4af7l7ZDSTDtLgia27qSKdCzz4mzKneO_Yn-kDS296aj9_X1HIs5KasxdaUA_3lPsOl_B8lYw/s1600-h/Steve+Carter.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRDm7HM8O4my6YIxLZaHr1MgtJZftHrok-orsLQkkt6sz4wXTgHRXxYPDjYw1idPaGW3O3BLnxI6Jd9MsPCT6_cBShrTkAoEzmyPkXHo0FRk3-oggwj3uMDs4a3Mh5CIRjz23vaNcxUy0/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2316.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdQvRqeoGsuw_Vr_G7wJnPqast6xzSgIfrwmYA2Xh6oRThnmLv1cCSzbCGwHCRvDBbyNH2MAh0jEauNXEVhyCz-wqTQmhXN1ynfzFnFt9yIS12lRagIcCrCZqZ-Ua7bGepi4sFP7fnVYA/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2315.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"></a><br />
Stever Carter flintknapping. Steve Carter came up from Ramona in his old flatbed truck, Steve was into pattern flaking and amazingly thin percussion bifacing .<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPv3hfo3LNbA5fi63Ww2gM9ktc2shybWylHmbUSPmAkzWsFpMNxBKOcaZbOtXH-600AeApxwZC1XHqafMJDK_bmO67GMjKP4jGpJ5LQPzIvNLTzbWcpWrVqnz-8FTIMILhCHVFNul9F5s/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2318.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150768429454823282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPv3hfo3LNbA5fi63Ww2gM9ktc2shybWylHmbUSPmAkzWsFpMNxBKOcaZbOtXH-600AeApxwZC1XHqafMJDK_bmO67GMjKP4jGpJ5LQPzIvNLTzbWcpWrVqnz-8FTIMILhCHVFNul9F5s/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%2318.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQZHzp-tptirZSjMZ2h2FxlDUgrnxWJkTny0pFxmkWEzhqouc4tIEBAmMCIdcBY_2Gm3r3gDrZRumFjW7-uGyubLoMGA1JMW9HMTG0_yLQjwlc5RylqOZlUJVGexAOCn5aHmu6R0SixJA/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2314.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150768283425935202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQZHzp-tptirZSjMZ2h2FxlDUgrnxWJkTny0pFxmkWEzhqouc4tIEBAmMCIdcBY_2Gm3r3gDrZRumFjW7-uGyubLoMGA1JMW9HMTG0_yLQjwlc5RylqOZlUJVGexAOCn5aHmu6R0SixJA/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%2314.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuWyr62KhTCDyced_UJSi08t19R_FcTj5aLtADZ5RnS0uaFZtbwNm3C9Ck2OuBW7k-RPZPcWY3E8V2KLvfOLicnl64ijOlBWoMMziXHhsMZt2p6FDpEBsrLyip-QLKzFWKlIqG7KndueA/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2313.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150767845339270994" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuWyr62KhTCDyced_UJSi08t19R_FcTj5aLtADZ5RnS0uaFZtbwNm3C9Ck2OuBW7k-RPZPcWY3E8V2KLvfOLicnl64ijOlBWoMMziXHhsMZt2p6FDpEBsrLyip-QLKzFWKlIqG7KndueA/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%2313.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Peter Ainsworth gets some advice from Jeannie Binning. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz71_ENZC1QwlLizhrWcvDhrfuOEciiSotE1EW1J89WchkWP87hKSb0RB2UTKJACPm3jtjLYzvBVJqBDaRmlUCQoO7LD97wlXhLo0HQwsnDHwXI94-JUBXuk_dzj5nt8DuYJYwrGJ4PaQ/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2311.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150767673540579138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz71_ENZC1QwlLizhrWcvDhrfuOEciiSotE1EW1J89WchkWP87hKSb0RB2UTKJACPm3jtjLYzvBVJqBDaRmlUCQoO7LD97wlXhLo0HQwsnDHwXI94-JUBXuk_dzj5nt8DuYJYwrGJ4PaQ/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%2311.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdjPhDA-EQx9Aw0ysJa7wavYiwyGWJUfR2Jku9QwziugxdY7SkTZYMMxxuAa1CJm4_mhFn8BtzMji1yQJ7hMVV7AmnR3n6PD1G5EUG0fhGTqRQnogWqi57cb0Kagb-yqy-gLGDA3XyNSk/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2310.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150767557576462130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdjPhDA-EQx9Aw0ysJa7wavYiwyGWJUfR2Jku9QwziugxdY7SkTZYMMxxuAa1CJm4_mhFn8BtzMji1yQJ7hMVV7AmnR3n6PD1G5EUG0fhGTqRQnogWqi57cb0Kagb-yqy-gLGDA3XyNSk/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%2310.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh01-6r6jBpgQgvEVsK0ODlCzH54XVrPwGQIah_dt_W_mPwaF2TxGug71RfV-sa0FS7mdUpgRK8tIohQpgnx6Fn_q30rLBhsOBE9LVGNpTiUgJ9av9ecJTBRRFa32Xltq_ddXv9H3mufgE/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2312.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"></a><br />
Barney DeSimone with one of his knives, note the detailed pattern flakes, his son came withhim this year and holds up a nice biface made by his pop.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6UUQPStw4TfbJ4tDO_g83Av3dAx7W_N2S9A7PHACOd73AQx38yENWuJVPtt9TpfAe2wsVZDv9z-UXAM2MhdgbkfsXzzNP34IZzxeEylVose5OXv8rtSIV26IhPIOMsVSnlZPOsMU1tAs/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%238.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150766707172937490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6UUQPStw4TfbJ4tDO_g83Av3dAx7W_N2S9A7PHACOd73AQx38yENWuJVPtt9TpfAe2wsVZDv9z-UXAM2MhdgbkfsXzzNP34IZzxeEylVose5OXv8rtSIV26IhPIOMsVSnlZPOsMU1tAs/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%238.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Jimm Winn with one of his flint knives. Jim Winn used the traditional methods of percussion and pressure flaking to knapp his points. Never use flake over grinding. His tool kit includes both aboriginal or traditional tools such as antler and stone percussors as well as more modern tools such as copper. Most of his knives and points are knapped from spalls or cobbles of chert, jasper, or obsidian. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC2Q6_9zkdolIZTSSQLlbSDEc2Nrqihhrho7D843DI0pf6dYqkKozLD73GwsXO9eYE-9HAXa8U-GIom0Y41d_H0IK1dyMk21CJ9rj3lz8HSPn5950lmnUdIBqXkmPmQjxMOHYI3dQJFLk/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%236.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150766501014507266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC2Q6_9zkdolIZTSSQLlbSDEc2Nrqihhrho7D843DI0pf6dYqkKozLD73GwsXO9eYE-9HAXa8U-GIom0Y41d_H0IK1dyMk21CJ9rj3lz8HSPn5950lmnUdIBqXkmPmQjxMOHYI3dQJFLk/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%236.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIprSbaCaEbhqMTZvHeVMbzKp3IGUrFT04NVg1_NYJCZ-cKUCUEB9S1vnrguIltouEYTMPQPKqOn4eTJDP5d3iUfIBT9jISo8KGpiOvZ8fA_Qjy4hNUxwfexUWpyfOi4GzwFmrqf6MRIc/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%235.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150765448747519730" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIprSbaCaEbhqMTZvHeVMbzKp3IGUrFT04NVg1_NYJCZ-cKUCUEB9S1vnrguIltouEYTMPQPKqOn4eTJDP5d3iUfIBT9jISo8KGpiOvZ8fA_Qjy4hNUxwfexUWpyfOi4GzwFmrqf6MRIc/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%235.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
The late George Hough has some flint he had dug up in Idaho, Jim Winn, Barney Desomone and his son and others were getting there trades ready. Jim got mad at me because I took some hammer stone swings a really big beautiful piece that he had his sights on, luckily I didn't damage it to bad and he was able to use it. <br />
<br />
! <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I remember the 1988 Wrightwood knapin. This was one of the knap-ins held at Jackson lake. Jackson lake is an alpine type lake in the high country. Location and Directions: Jackson Lake is located in the Angeles National Forest near the city of Wrightwood. From Los Angeles take I-10 East to I-15 North. Travel N. on I-15 to Cajon Pass - Hwy. 138. Turn left (north) on Hwy 138 and travel 8 miles to Hwy. 2. Turn Left on Hwy 2 and travel 10 miles to Big Pines, then turn Right on County Road N4 and travel 3 miles to the lake. This is a small lake of 7 surface acres at an elevation of 6,000 feet. It is open all year but sometimes freezes over during the winter. Tent and RV camping is available near the lake. There are no concessions. Nearest supplies are 7 miles to the East in the own of Wrightwood. It was cold at night and warm and sunny in the day. It was the most beautiful place for a knap-in of all. The camp was a flat plateau just above the lake itself and it had a hard sandy floor, it had a good open area for archery, atlatl and knapping. <br />
Jim Winn came up to Wrightwood in 1988, he had skipped a year or two. Jim’s interest in flintknapping began shortly after he moved to Oregon in 1979. His neighbor was an avid collector and took him on his first arrowhead hunt. He was hooked! Jim spent the next few years actively hunting points. Some of the points he found were incredibly well knapped, and I became determined to learn how it was done. He discovered DC Waldorf’s book, “The Art of Flintknapping” and he been knapping ever since! <br />
<br />
Jim Winn used the traditional methods of percussion and pressure flaking to knapp his points. Never use flake over grinding. His tool kit includes both aboriginal or traditional tools such as antler and stone percussors as well as more modern tools such as copper. Most of his knives and points are knapped from spalls or cobbles of chert, jasper, or obsidian. I had done some rabbit hunting, atlatl shooting and Barney DeSimone and I had been to Jim’s house, then in the Valley to flute Clovis with a jig.<br />
Barney DeSimone came up "the A-wop-a-hoe", was his joke- he is Italian and everyone thought he was an Indian, so he said I am a "wop" and a hoe -so people thought he was a "A-wop-a-hoe", which is not a real tribe! Steve Carter came up from Ramona in his old flatbed truck, Steve was into pattern flaking and amazingly thin percussion bifacing before anyone else I have known about. Alton Safford was there and he demonstrated using sinew, bow shooting- did knapping and ate a lot of apples, he also brought some longbows he had made, his nickname is "Longbow Safford" . Peter Ainsworth and <strong><span style="font-size: large;">Jeannie Binning</span></strong> showed up from the acedemic knapping community and were doing very nice "Crabtree" large biface work. I can't remember much more about that knap-in except it was really fun and wonderful 4 days in heaven.<br />
<br />
<br />
WRIGHTWOOD KNAP IN STARTED IN 1984, SET UP BY RAY HARWOOD AND ALTON SAFFORD AT JACKSON LAKE., BUT OUR FIRST CALIFORNIA FLINTKNAPPING RENDEZVOUS WAS IN 1983 AT CSUN. SET UP BY RAY HARWOOD. AT THE FIRST KNAP IN 1983 : RAY HARWOOD, ALTON SAFFORD, JOHN ATWOOD, RICK WESSEL, CLAY SINGER, GEORGE HUFF, JENNIE BINNING, ROY VANDERHOOK, TERRY FREDERICK, JOE DABIL, FRED BUDINGER, TED HARWOOD, NANCY HARWOOD, BRIAN GUNTHER, AND A HOST OF OTHERS. FIRST LOCATION: C.S.U.N. . SECOND: JACKSON LAKE FLAT. THIRD; CAMP GUFFY (TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN) FOURTH: INDIAN HILLS RANCH. Ray had flintknapped in an artistic vacuum until he was in his early 20s. This is when Ray met fellow Ishi fans, Joe Dabil, Barney DeSimone, Steve Carter, Jim Win, <strong><span style="font-size: large;">Jennie Binning</span></strong> and Alton Safford. Barney had a small business called Yana Enterprises where he marketed his Ishi posters and items and had become an expert Ishi style knapper, to the point that he had killed a wild boar on Catalina Island armed with a sinew backed bow and Ishi tipped arrow of glass of his own making. Atlton was an avid traditional bow hunter and knapper, he had even hunted big game in Africa a few times with stone points. Years later Alton and Ray started the yearly California Flintknapping Rendezvous. Joe Dabil had become a California legend by the late 1970s and had the nick name of "Indian Joe", this name given to him by the prominent archaeologists of the day. Joe could make fire in of minutes with a natural yucca file board and mule fat stick. Joe was also a master of the Ishi style flintknapping methodology. Joe's Ishi points of both glass and obsidian were each an impressive work of art. Ray and Joe became friends and Ray began to study Joe's flintknapping methods. Joe Dabil had learned the arts of wilderness survival hands on. Joe was an Olympic class long distance runner in the 1960s, and when a Doctor informed him he had a life threatening decease he fled into the wilderness. There in the woods, alone, Joe eked out a survival on natural foods. Eventually Joe relearned the arts of Ishi, sinew back bow making, arrow-smithing, fire drill technology, cordage making, brain tanning and of coarse...flintknapping. As miracle have it, Joe lived out his death sentence and is still practicing wilderness skills today. Steve Carter was already an established master knapper when Ray met him in the early 1980s. Steve had been friends with J.B.Sollberger of Dallas, Texas and with J.B.s inspiration, at the 1978 Little Lake knap-in, Steve developed his own unique knapping style, one in which he detached the flakes of the top of the preform as opposed to the bottom that rests on the palm of the hand. Steve was versatile and also used the Ishi style knapping techniques. Steve's work even impressed the Grand Masters; Sollberger, Titmus, Callahan and Crabtree. Jimm Winn was there at the second or third Wrightwood knap-in with Barney Desimone and George hough and George Hough and Dick Baugh. Jim did a lot of heat treating of local materials there in the famous Wrightwood fire pit at Jackson Lake Flat. After the close of the Flintknappers' Exchange in 1981, there was a void for two years. Communication among flintknappers slowed to a stop. In 1984 at the knap-in at the Northridge Archaeological Research Center I was talking about the need for a newsletter to Clay Singer and Terry Frederick, they suggested I do it, well I had dyslexia, couldn't type and had no money, okay! Alton Safford, Jeannie Binning and Joe Dabill encouraged as well. I couldn't get anyone to help me with the project so I did it myself. I started work on the first issue, all the words were misspelled, the grammar was just as bad, I cut and past the cover. I wanted to call it the Flintknappers' Monthly but I couldn't find those words in the old NARC newsletters so I got close with "FLintknapping Digest" and cut and pasted it on the cover. I used the address list in the old Flintknappers' Exchange at the end of each article to find the knappers. It worked I began to get a flood of mail about it. It was really amateurish and I got a lot of flak, but everybody who got it loved it. Clay Singer said "it has a folksy, underground publication look" . In any case it got better with each issue. I remember asking J.B. Sollberger to write an article for me and he got really mad. He said that I was just trying to associate with his name to gain fame and make the newsletter sell better , I was unaffected and said yes, so do I get the article? We got along fine after that and I did get the article, I think he trusted me to tell the truth after that. He even made me some fluted points. The "J.B." in J.B. Sollberger is rumored to stand for "John the Baptist" . So you see with a reputation like that truth means a lot. I was amazed that the little newsletter was doing so well, my mom was too, she never thought such a weird newsletter would work. I was 24 years old when I started the newsletter and didn't have a whole lot else going, it was great, I met all my flintknapping heroes. One day I got a letter from D.C. Waldorf and he was asking about something, I can't remember, but he referred to the Flintknapping Digest as "The Digest", I put the letter in the next issue and from then on that's what everyone called it. Even now I see it referenced to time and again and it is almost always given its affectionate name "The Digest" it gave knappers a worm and fuzzy feel, like an old dog that you had when you were a kid. Even old dogs pass on, and in the late 1980s, even with Val Waldorf's help, I couldn't do it anymore. After some coaxing the waldorf's took pity on me and took the newsletter over. They gave it a face lift and a new name "Chips" . .Paul Hellweg, a fellow Army Tanker. Paul, likes to specialise inground stone axe manufacture, and he is quite good at it. He was actually a Crabtree and Flenniken Student, but went over to the servival camp when he got a job teaching it at C.S.U.N. where I first met him in the early 1980s. Paul wrote some nice articles for the Flintknapping Digest in 1984 and published a book on knapping the same year, Flintknapping, The Art of Making Stone Tools that has sold over 50,000 copies. Hellweg has also written many other books and is doing quite well financially. I attended a week long Callahan school with him in the summer and and he appears to be thinking of redoing his book and becoming more active in the knapping world. San Diego, California was a hot bed of really good knappers in the early 1970s, it sprung from a visit from Sollberger sometime in that era. Only Steve Carter remains of that group. Navodne (Rod) Reiner, another California sad story , Rod was one of the San Diego flintknappers that Steve Carter hung around with in the 1970s. Like Steve, Rod was a really good flintknapper, all traditional, and good person. Rod did a lot of knapping and made nice pieces of lithic art but was also interested in the experimental aspect as well. Rod came up with the two man fluting technique; Reiner gripped the biface in his left hand, held it down tightly against his thigh, while his right hand used the full weight of his body from the shoulder to bear down on the flaking tool. Then, to this he added a little more force by using a second person to deliver a light tapping blow to the end of the pressure flaker with a mallet. Reiner stated that the mallet strikes just at the instant that the pressure flake is pressed off. With Rod's method both constant pressure and a releasing percussion impact a nice flute is detached. Rod, whom was also at the Little Lake knap-in was a very good knapper and a big influence on Steve Carter, but Rod was killed early on in a hunting accident. Chris Hardacker was another, he just faded into the woodwork, I saw him working as a digger for Jeannie Binning at one of her digs in the middle 1980s. Robert Blue of Studio City, California was inspired by a collection of Reinhardt's points , Reinhardt had been long dead but Blue did find fellow Gray Ghost collector, Charlie Shewey in Missouri. Robert offered to buy all of Shewey's Gray Ghosts and Richard Warren points and that money was no object. Charlie refused Blue's offer, but directed Robert to Richard Warren. After Robert bought a fair number of points, Warren shared some of his secrets with Robert Blue and introduced him to Jim Hopper, whom Warren had taught. Jim Hopper andRobert Blue became good friends and Robert became very good at art knapping. Barney DeSimone, couched Robert through his early years of knapping. Later Robert inspired Barney to return somewhat to lapidary knapping. It was Robert Blue that taught Ray Harwood to knap in the lever style of Reinhardt, Ray produced dozens of "Raynish Daggers" with the lever flaker. The Raynish Daggers were simply slab points in the form of 10 inch Danish Daggers ("2-D daggers" -not 3 dimensional). These were what Callahan called the ugliest Danish Daggers he had ever seen. After Robert's death and some prompting from DeSimone and Callahan, Harwood returned to traditional flintknapping. One interesting bit of knapping lore I overheard at a knap in goes like this:" Steve Behenes had invented this steel fluting jig that could flute supper this preforms. Steve was close to Robert Blue at the time and he sent Robert a thin Folsom and the detached flutes, Robert returned the detached flute -and he had fluted them ! . Joe Dabil, Joe had become a California legend by the late 1960s and had the nick name of "Indian Joe", this name given to him by the prominent archaeologists of the day. Joe says he learned his style by trail and error using books with Ishi points as a pattern,same for the knapping tools. His notching style comes a great deal from Errett. Joe could make fire in of minutes with a natural yucca file board and mule fat stick. Joe was also a master of the Ishi style flintknapping methodology. I first came to here about him in about 1969 and then in the 70s, he gave demos on Catalina Island for Archaeologists and movie people. His points were often seen for sale for $3.50 up and down the central to northern California coastal towns, these populated by thousands of hippies. I remember buying one in a hippie shop in Pismo Beech in 1976. The hippie lady at the counter said I could meet the knapper, but like as ass I sais "naw it's OK. I did end up meeting him 8 years later, in 1984, at CSUN. Joe's Ishi points of both glass and obsidian were each an impressive work of art. Ray and Joe became friends and Ray began to study Joe's flintknapping methods. Joe Dabil had learned the arts of wilderness survival hands on. Joe was an Olympic class long distance runner in the 1960s, and when a Doctor informed him he had a life threatening decease disease he fled into the wilderness. There in the woods, alone, Joe eked out a survival on natural foods. Eventually Joe relearned the arts of Ishi, sinew back bow making, arrow-smithing, fire drill technology, cordage making, brain tanning and of coarse...flintknapping. As miracle have it, Joe lived out his death sentence and is still practicing wilderness skills today. The information set forth in this text relied heavly on the fallowing publications: Fintknapper's Exchange: Atchiston, Inc. 4426 Constution N.E. Albuquerque, NM 87110 Etidors: Errett Callahan, Jacqueline Nichols and Penelope Katson. Flintknapping Digest. Harwood Archaeology 4911 Shadow Stone Bakersfield, CA 93313 Editor: Ray Harwood Bulletin of Primitive Technology. Journal of the Society of Primative Technology P.O. Box 905 Rexburg, ID 83440 Dave Wescot, Editor Chips Mound Builder Books P.O. Box 702 Branson, MO. 65615 Editors: Val Waldorf, D.C. Waldorf and Dane Martin. New Flintknapper's Exchange. High Fire Flints 11212 Hooper Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70818 Editors: Jeff Behrnes, Steve Behernes and Chas Spear 20Th Century Lithics. Mound Builder Books P.O. Box 702 Branson, MO. 65615 Editors: Val Waldorf and D.C.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh79n_HEUJ4EX2cpk48SFGzD6TcGp1mPgxDftIhc5GDrCbnMTSn_f-IbiC_fyxRnJI0QeHQDSoIm2SIimHsO1BE4TRVBC3dDgBnGmPuy_Zwr8IPODx7uKj1duwzYhzY3jnTPIW1MhURpkU/s1600/YOSEMITE+TRIP+NOV+2010+030.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5625161112523545618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh79n_HEUJ4EX2cpk48SFGzD6TcGp1mPgxDftIhc5GDrCbnMTSn_f-IbiC_fyxRnJI0QeHQDSoIm2SIimHsO1BE4TRVBC3dDgBnGmPuy_Zwr8IPODx7uKj1duwzYhzY3jnTPIW1MhURpkU/s400/YOSEMITE+TRIP+NOV+2010+030.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> Photos by: Ray Harwood <br />
<br />
FROM GLACIER POINT <br />
Half Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, located in northeastern Mariposa County, California, at the eastern end of Yosemite Valley — possibly Yosemite's most familiar rock formation. The granite crest rises more than 4,737 ft (1,444 m) above the valley floor. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz7EM818rhusnUSkmLonUxhQDnTbEj3bzhnGDL0v2dMedkmCpmhKCQzGAj44reR9iNfgkz0GzdX3PAzcFcJEZDAU9gi6hjA6tIEobxZ8JX5ggvLjKX39kYKAztLPmaCWbOqYHyidzwRh8/s1600/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+%25232+073.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639070022675630402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz7EM818rhusnUSkmLonUxhQDnTbEj3bzhnGDL0v2dMedkmCpmhKCQzGAj44reR9iNfgkz0GzdX3PAzcFcJEZDAU9gi6hjA6tIEobxZ8JX5ggvLjKX39kYKAztLPmaCWbOqYHyidzwRh8/s400/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+%25232+073.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0pT_U20o0ZQvvOChj_qGAp-DvIvHyU-SJChlVpUuk9ThRMGNRNxeIwKvv4vaEIzT4DZ5vm5ypUjUYIyFViOJrre5U0ocfDcE0Rwz715yVhBWQKhrpX7V_92VM_A9GugoKr4Iqk1kMec/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+018.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639071199376711298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0pT_U20o0ZQvvOChj_qGAp-DvIvHyU-SJChlVpUuk9ThRMGNRNxeIwKvv4vaEIzT4DZ5vm5ypUjUYIyFViOJrre5U0ocfDcE0Rwz715yVhBWQKhrpX7V_92VM_A9GugoKr4Iqk1kMec/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+018.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
The geology of the Yosemite area is characterized by granitic rocks and remnants of older rock. About 10 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada was uplifted and then tilted to form its relatively gentle western slopes and the more dramatic eastern slopes. The uplift increased the steepness of stream and river beds, resulting in formation of deep, narrow canyons. About 1 million years ago, snow and ice accumulated, forming glaciers at the higher alpine meadows that moved down the river valleys. Ice thickness in Yosemite Valley may have reached 4,000 feet (1,200 m) during the early glacial episode. The downslope movement of the ice masses cut and sculpted the U-shaped valley that attracts so many visitors to its scenic vistas today.[5] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNpz1_2F_fxLtq1peenwCM5hcJ8vTV1Z80EclurdkJiQhlFjTtGxG8ekL1ngSyuvJWkO1TdOA3OVRCWLHLvwBu6O099Erzkv3sU3N8DLPeLj4xRvDWORVLkThelsTccEkGPcLbTkL8ung/s1600/SEQUOIA+2011+074.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639075206860633682" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNpz1_2F_fxLtq1peenwCM5hcJ8vTV1Z80EclurdkJiQhlFjTtGxG8ekL1ngSyuvJWkO1TdOA3OVRCWLHLvwBu6O099Erzkv3sU3N8DLPeLj4xRvDWORVLkThelsTccEkGPcLbTkL8ung/s400/SEQUOIA+2011+074.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
The bears in Yosemite are all black bears, even if they are brown or blonde. <br />
The bears feed on plants in the meadows in the moring and afternoon. The bears <br />
do try and eat your camp food. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz79tPFQvqOwm2yK4PaOk4lzaSN_8q0mXSBQqm3GX_EkgpkVpQVHibjF-OJdN_R4dP9NCVHuAx1dt7BFx36twl6QTG9DMiUwseIybYFV4fBIepic8VUVkKmtqNcRjoEsZYpraVXo9nkSE/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+111.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639070413174548690" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz79tPFQvqOwm2yK4PaOk4lzaSN_8q0mXSBQqm3GX_EkgpkVpQVHibjF-OJdN_R4dP9NCVHuAx1dt7BFx36twl6QTG9DMiUwseIybYFV4fBIepic8VUVkKmtqNcRjoEsZYpraVXo9nkSE/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+111.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
Ray Harwood knapped these obsidian items. These were viewed by thousands of <br />
interested visitors during the Yosemite knap-in. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmTjG6p0CGhxlyRCc7V2tVvxqluqYoSGPwQlVLyxIf3Zlp1klWCQpgToA0yioewUhCVskPLyHQwtLDCT63o9GQTD9zR9bPiXseUrPFOCV-gMfMEK10YGfedDANc-XHBw7K8NHlPYzd3OA/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+104.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639069209618766274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmTjG6p0CGhxlyRCc7V2tVvxqluqYoSGPwQlVLyxIf3Zlp1klWCQpgToA0yioewUhCVskPLyHQwtLDCT63o9GQTD9zR9bPiXseUrPFOCV-gMfMEK10YGfedDANc-XHBw7K8NHlPYzd3OA/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+104.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
The Yosemite shuttle goes all through the park for free! starts at 7:30 A.M. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_xApnY699oprvIgspRHvvMJLwQk_SQGfDphUc4HxisZb3oDQLsrXRsXMGdRATERlVWSOkvqXX6PaJsxtBUZCt0TKSShOyO8SKPSb2LApLXCQGZc8PeQnKO_JpCBAA5RzgS-MRf0Urd1M/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+055.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639068765265078338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_xApnY699oprvIgspRHvvMJLwQk_SQGfDphUc4HxisZb3oDQLsrXRsXMGdRATERlVWSOkvqXX6PaJsxtBUZCt0TKSShOyO8SKPSb2LApLXCQGZc8PeQnKO_JpCBAA5RzgS-MRf0Urd1M/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+055.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz-F0b3hPBvNWw7DSDGcMg-cbRV0mHXea1zkNAzCBHTBBJm3oeGOj08nkqIIxXy4ga9l7vjS83qvQ02MEfYMAfv5Vw1JPwNjiHrrItVhwhtZ3e4bFc0qX6CwuFgVeYfdqRVg68tmLFDuc/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+076.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639067999270470354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz-F0b3hPBvNWw7DSDGcMg-cbRV0mHXea1zkNAzCBHTBBJm3oeGOj08nkqIIxXy4ga9l7vjS83qvQ02MEfYMAfv5Vw1JPwNjiHrrItVhwhtZ3e4bFc0qX6CwuFgVeYfdqRVg68tmLFDuc/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+076.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8hyssyCpIdKf5iZDeRWK7w6rRZWQp1ItD0ZAHakP53uHViY3-s0lwDOep2zjbojiveHv472Z9yheBHUABkPPJp3QVrhNkJOnYrKUsssCfZ-50ef1r3tah7X9fd-d1fsBV4dImTgFy9w/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+022.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639067563103568338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8hyssyCpIdKf5iZDeRWK7w6rRZWQp1ItD0ZAHakP53uHViY3-s0lwDOep2zjbojiveHv472Z9yheBHUABkPPJp3QVrhNkJOnYrKUsssCfZ-50ef1r3tah7X9fd-d1fsBV4dImTgFy9w/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+022.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
Half Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, located in northeastern Mariposa County, California, at the eastern end of Yosemite Valley — possibly Yosemite's most familiar rock formation. The granite crest rises more than 4,737 ft (1,444 m) above the valley floor. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWgj9JbnBdTO5qWe1KDDriXItBT8OENqC9nJaeUhRwKBvGdTFjQZ5SlwYixGJrcmy93kTaIv5I977JdblNpT91Ga-lfEi3D8P5f4LvyIqHwRbelCVmsFLqVFZTr2dK6ri1CMyByh2iW50/s1600/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+%25232+013.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639066967027956466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWgj9JbnBdTO5qWe1KDDriXItBT8OENqC9nJaeUhRwKBvGdTFjQZ5SlwYixGJrcmy93kTaIv5I977JdblNpT91Ga-lfEi3D8P5f4LvyIqHwRbelCVmsFLqVFZTr2dK6ri1CMyByh2iW50/s400/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+%25232+013.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
You can see Yosemite Falls from numerous places around Yosemite Valley, especially around Yosemite Village and Yosemite Lodge. A one-mile loop trail leads to the base of Lower Yosemite Fall (the eastern side of the loop, from the shuttle stop to the base of the waterfall, is wheelchair accessible). <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXN_7jDh9HvPrk_NHPr_za1Psc_aUm-ziSzLWv2G9MmF24C44FcBaZ2Mer-D576XpKj0syK2BYw7C1kqABq4-j-y83xCb6nRLaDxB34vO6AxnnUUMoix7if2OaIQnGsbADelYLPllynyk/s1600/me.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639066433156827570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXN_7jDh9HvPrk_NHPr_za1Psc_aUm-ziSzLWv2G9MmF24C44FcBaZ2Mer-D576XpKj0syK2BYw7C1kqABq4-j-y83xCb6nRLaDxB34vO6AxnnUUMoix7if2OaIQnGsbADelYLPllynyk/s400/me.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 226px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 170px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRAy7q67kdz0xJhXJqldcr5ZophImzm0ca-V9gjQrkje_F4gKbqiCuCMhDPn09jegmqdRRuokbMft37URHS-6zqF4xQLeJKtX_tdzQ4EsMq_AUbyniGK3eo0iMM2DzSjzBa1JwergM-Rk/s1600/yosemite.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639066428213128658" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRAy7q67kdz0xJhXJqldcr5ZophImzm0ca-V9gjQrkje_F4gKbqiCuCMhDPn09jegmqdRRuokbMft37URHS-6zqF4xQLeJKtX_tdzQ4EsMq_AUbyniGK3eo0iMM2DzSjzBa1JwergM-Rk/s400/yosemite.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 299px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjahEYiECXhKL5OR1aqm1XUkVWZxGQIsPFuR-nVkrL39eMbaQr6izFcpCdUNrxqITBf4jK0g4KT4cM09bDdK02_P28gO9G0NVQxX-SttY9gQnFMTos7lkwSX_45kTaAXhjBRD1v5BJp46M/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+061.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639073532018800722" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjahEYiECXhKL5OR1aqm1XUkVWZxGQIsPFuR-nVkrL39eMbaQr6izFcpCdUNrxqITBf4jK0g4KT4cM09bDdK02_P28gO9G0NVQxX-SttY9gQnFMTos7lkwSX_45kTaAXhjBRD1v5BJp46M/s400/yosemite+knap+in+061.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBCqis1J54Yh_8ixvlH9XWn5MeaTN-BPyVbHayWAvfzVaSw1BGYUwb2PtWQFfXRdeCn2DXGI-C6ZusUgsjDbW8Wd061q-t25RvX6vo_t0pVvyn4BI3TTelc4dNvtVs83_W-KPBz46GwbE/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+064.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639065706641097794" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBCqis1J54Yh_8ixvlH9XWn5MeaTN-BPyVbHayWAvfzVaSw1BGYUwb2PtWQFfXRdeCn2DXGI-C6ZusUgsjDbW8Wd061q-t25RvX6vo_t0pVvyn4BI3TTelc4dNvtVs83_W-KPBz46GwbE/s400/yosemite+knap+in+064.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3TQHbJgXbI4B3sCPtgrDUhTSvguPjEr_e_0k-QHVWjmLMIUsnPgdLRjZJlhlagsPAJ9b9f0Kk5AxEUhO1zK52x2R-XqMEsqPfx88NNZqCiLkN4oj7J6kswuubAy-94ogo3MGvs_huSiY/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+065.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639065704805802274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3TQHbJgXbI4B3sCPtgrDUhTSvguPjEr_e_0k-QHVWjmLMIUsnPgdLRjZJlhlagsPAJ9b9f0Kk5AxEUhO1zK52x2R-XqMEsqPfx88NNZqCiLkN4oj7J6kswuubAy-94ogo3MGvs_huSiY/s400/yosemite+knap+in+065.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRidFBUnAna5I8PSI_iqLeSDyUQvr_0IFHL-wjM5ZINYhwJunbcAjMrqifMvK1aHP3L25V4rFj63MO1iPrvzrb48zv3Cc1eYi1L1bALC6Tc1F1KwmcXp2RMEop_6-DJ0n9qfV_3QJrHjU/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+015.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639065201306080530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRidFBUnAna5I8PSI_iqLeSDyUQvr_0IFHL-wjM5ZINYhwJunbcAjMrqifMvK1aHP3L25V4rFj63MO1iPrvzrb48zv3Cc1eYi1L1bALC6Tc1F1KwmcXp2RMEop_6-DJ0n9qfV_3QJrHjU/s400/yosemite+knap+in+015.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdGiBOHtvl9fnrzQa80dot-Ivbwea2Ii8fTR0HsUSqMtIzrsgOAWpZ-4Bip8mTtTuBMraXKOSdzmfDXG9L0L6InDrKrXeRvJ6o4OB5uX2YZM_nrJ9AcaWPtpim_sXdJaBzzx1sIZ-ehlg/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+071.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639064801154136018" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdGiBOHtvl9fnrzQa80dot-Ivbwea2Ii8fTR0HsUSqMtIzrsgOAWpZ-4Bip8mTtTuBMraXKOSdzmfDXG9L0L6InDrKrXeRvJ6o4OB5uX2YZM_nrJ9AcaWPtpim_sXdJaBzzx1sIZ-ehlg/s400/yosemite+knap+in+071.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
Ben_Cunningham was the host of the knapin. Ben works hard there at the museum and indian village. <br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_cqlIhviImGUTPHIOf9M2fLYnov3PrxVYm6yo7w1NKPsM-3KN5bV2u_vbwuujSP0krtEZXPH6bm3zpk3oq0ghFcr2b-gQc9R4TKBDBSCRAbIp8VU71Dm9fWRk2mO-WH3_sxZw169galI/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+078.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639064644051289170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_cqlIhviImGUTPHIOf9M2fLYnov3PrxVYm6yo7w1NKPsM-3KN5bV2u_vbwuujSP0krtEZXPH6bm3zpk3oq0ghFcr2b-gQc9R4TKBDBSCRAbIp8VU71Dm9fWRk2mO-WH3_sxZw169galI/s400/yosemite+knap+in+078.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
Ken Kehoe <br />
<br />
<br />
Knappers Unite! <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
At the 2011, 18th Annual Coyote Hills Knap-In! <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Aug. 27th and 28th (Sat. &amp; Sun.) from 10:00 to 4:00 <br />
<br />
at <br />
<br />
Coyote Hills Regional Park in Fremont, CA. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.ebparks.org/parks/coyote_hills <br />
<br />
<br />
Camping available for Sat. night. <br />
<br />
<br />
For more details call Ken Peek at: <br />
<br />
(510) 537-1215. <br />
<br />
<br />
Hope to see you there <br />
<br />
Ken Kehoe <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQLFUBICxom7jlFpi18LlFd4aVwKxvZGX9E0ImtX_ng2CE_PlinXiwQczG4rphCmoIXxr0r1YD9J8V_hSDkiGaTrvH1ML6Kbqhnj99QExH4tlyDjUdW6hmvgboZgJO_aE9H1HU3XT4w60/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+076.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639064513914212066" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQLFUBICxom7jlFpi18LlFd4aVwKxvZGX9E0ImtX_ng2CE_PlinXiwQczG4rphCmoIXxr0r1YD9J8V_hSDkiGaTrvH1ML6Kbqhnj99QExH4tlyDjUdW6hmvgboZgJO_aE9H1HU3XT4w60/s400/yosemite+knap+in+076.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<strong> Ken Peek </strong> <br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8bNBWL9G15pFxwsLvn2lOOjP0aA_DPaiyhdUhj65-I4EVmznWSjyTJrZ7WI5dofNS4B7qRwLrLJdzj3FDpf-V2pkAbzKjmpLwUQ2sJBVP8LFdVkBH03qPcZgB6KvQUAWyYUjRZvnKpSU/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+052.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639038761285321026" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8bNBWL9G15pFxwsLvn2lOOjP0aA_DPaiyhdUhj65-I4EVmznWSjyTJrZ7WI5dofNS4B7qRwLrLJdzj3FDpf-V2pkAbzKjmpLwUQ2sJBVP8LFdVkBH03qPcZgB6KvQUAWyYUjRZvnKpSU/s400/yosemite+knap+in+052.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyUGk-HElKOUVlCnkxyJKfsK-Z182PCJHhdc1Fv1WivkSl_YLJur_fCCHtG4HB4vM9XBCtuIN2acvdWOUz6Hq77IIwfmFVsKGkjwc-5_SVVTJVG-ws2X2bE7OKkz6VeTSx0cThWRGdxE/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+010.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639038468813726146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyUGk-HElKOUVlCnkxyJKfsK-Z182PCJHhdc1Fv1WivkSl_YLJur_fCCHtG4HB4vM9XBCtuIN2acvdWOUz6Hq77IIwfmFVsKGkjwc-5_SVVTJVG-ws2X2bE7OKkz6VeTSx0cThWRGdxE/s400/yosemite+knap+in+010.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGdSWe15BqBDnquFj80hPNZFNo7XVROQ_RydBtUOGRExvx_fEVyzBjEpcv0MrkEd4KuKAxg0kJzZz-SQUOssbI41c77BLbOFtGfuYjGtllUil1Gv4P4djVzuqdv7OmUcC8vCMQ-qWuZpM/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+044.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639038216435221554" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGdSWe15BqBDnquFj80hPNZFNo7XVROQ_RydBtUOGRExvx_fEVyzBjEpcv0MrkEd4KuKAxg0kJzZz-SQUOssbI41c77BLbOFtGfuYjGtllUil1Gv4P4djVzuqdv7OmUcC8vCMQ-qWuZpM/s400/yosemite+knap+in+044.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq1sRQZl9LAlw808qyKzyxjrPOEFuRryUu9ifV27xyNohEj5gZP086n-Uu8tQjoabOfoCZ2WuYBN0jZ1JLvqlyiWvjEIDSUnY2kjhQHUOLeGI-IgnQTPFqirwb3bEZoBMFuagosSZ5v8E/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+029.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037986047187970" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq1sRQZl9LAlw808qyKzyxjrPOEFuRryUu9ifV27xyNohEj5gZP086n-Uu8tQjoabOfoCZ2WuYBN0jZ1JLvqlyiWvjEIDSUnY2kjhQHUOLeGI-IgnQTPFqirwb3bEZoBMFuagosSZ5v8E/s400/yosemite+knap+in+029.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUGmczt3cowl2rFmmiQ3YXXM9bmtT1pwJNVEryaAbPABwIG85s1t3xqOrcgN1m192H8l5kg_vfFQNklle8pLAzAOG9SnhIUeWpkny_FWYg59cktJS6AGxrTU-4dEm36tjG_88Un8QEsvw/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+043.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037842169710290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUGmczt3cowl2rFmmiQ3YXXM9bmtT1pwJNVEryaAbPABwIG85s1t3xqOrcgN1m192H8l5kg_vfFQNklle8pLAzAOG9SnhIUeWpkny_FWYg59cktJS6AGxrTU-4dEm36tjG_88Un8QEsvw/s400/yosemite+knap+in+043.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 300px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<strong>Jeannie Binning.</strong> California State University Riverside PhD in Archaeology . Flintknapping since the 1970s. <br />
Archaeologist, Flintknapper, Primitive Technologist. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Here is Jeannie's School: <br />
<br />
<strong>LITHIC TECHNOLOGY FIELD SCHOOL</strong>Field School Dates: Saturday, June 11 to Friday, June 24, 2011 <br />
Field School Location: California Desert Studies Center, ZZYZX, California <br />
Desert Studies Center Information: http://biology.fullerton.edu/dsc/school/about.html <br />
Registration Instructions: Complete this Registration Form and return it to the address below with a refundable deposit ($450) or payment in full. Upon receipt of your completed Registration Form, you will be sent a confirmation letter and additional information. Please note that the remaining payment is due two weeks before the Field School begins (May 27th). Checks or money orders only. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2qukx98hGzyrUGccvmAqHudUDh4OiMcW3O7kCaXqox-Vm0I3FnS20Qgd_d_I3r6UEGdURciAOqNGN71ImfdboedmsumuEMH4nBAY-OXJiniikxT2IBsglR-uiF9v-KrgplPyiXbH6-bI/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+032.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037617752369074" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2qukx98hGzyrUGccvmAqHudUDh4OiMcW3O7kCaXqox-Vm0I3FnS20Qgd_d_I3r6UEGdURciAOqNGN71ImfdboedmsumuEMH4nBAY-OXJiniikxT2IBsglR-uiF9v-KrgplPyiXbH6-bI/s400/yosemite+knap+in+032.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn76EjZ3c0qh66dtu9It-2ieUg3MHuBDEAzqNw3rfMutA0pvSreijfGy9EmbRO95rosV9uI093UDgNCDCDY4whPy_FMuUZRIQWf478u9JM0UtEo2PaPaRyjHl3zc0QBse0X2HDvCoexbA/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+030.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037614325089090" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn76EjZ3c0qh66dtu9It-2ieUg3MHuBDEAzqNw3rfMutA0pvSreijfGy9EmbRO95rosV9uI093UDgNCDCDY4whPy_FMuUZRIQWf478u9JM0UtEo2PaPaRyjHl3zc0QBse0X2HDvCoexbA/s400/yosemite+knap+in+030.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7doi0mnl-YFnSIFxK9fquOiIBcP0_XalLBOdtCIFwy-eMLJxultX_xrfCdgQAA1LrCY5LGOFN32D2BBmhre241hYCoWX2pdUB6W7Y_5ADme-xtQoanfVdI_J8gS7PToZUMYOEWvJ-Rbs/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+025.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037612620731202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7doi0mnl-YFnSIFxK9fquOiIBcP0_XalLBOdtCIFwy-eMLJxultX_xrfCdgQAA1LrCY5LGOFN32D2BBmhre241hYCoWX2pdUB6W7Y_5ADme-xtQoanfVdI_J8gS7PToZUMYOEWvJ-Rbs/s400/yosemite+knap+in+025.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
Class of 2000 · PhD · Archaeology <br />
Website http://www.obsidiandesigns.com <br />
About Susan: Archaeologist, Flintknapper, Primitive Technologist, Science Fiction Fan <br />
<strong>Susan Gleason</strong>.Owner at Phoenix Obsidian Designs. Studied Archaeology at University of California, Riverside. Lives in Grass Valley, California. It's complicated...From Grass Valley, California. Born on October 27, 1970. Susan said she sold a very large quantity of lithic art at the Yosemite knap-in. <br />
<br />
<br />
Yosemite, Flintknapping. .Knap In, Ray Harwood. obsidian, Bakersfield Arrowheads, Hank Ray, Jeannie Binning, Ben_Cunningham, Susan Gleason,Bears, Deer, Half Dome. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbFeHYhm2tvvmvr2x7CqtDUn8scAvINHlC0PHQwuxgB17eivaDrmw9OZhm0w9Hia11gDlFVRsJVlTWCfD9wt47xBBfAaT8QEfGrHTwnbuAMzWciQyHIFxm7HDNTvbwuwU_ANLSt-EqgBw/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+018.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037257249883378" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbFeHYhm2tvvmvr2x7CqtDUn8scAvINHlC0PHQwuxgB17eivaDrmw9OZhm0w9Hia11gDlFVRsJVlTWCfD9wt47xBBfAaT8QEfGrHTwnbuAMzWciQyHIFxm7HDNTvbwuwU_ANLSt-EqgBw/s400/yosemite+knap+in+018.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDD6SPxmjX2ExD5Dut4F5c9aFg7YYq4WLii5FR7nefHe0lVdqpwbSpmldXbsdS3y_5IOlUKWGwNq-GSIK6kxSbRKfWrWz0_UrQahhDgOxrN3TFjuXR1nmEkJy0rurL1FXBxsweaBvAhsM/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+014.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037116696476514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDD6SPxmjX2ExD5Dut4F5c9aFg7YYq4WLii5FR7nefHe0lVdqpwbSpmldXbsdS3y_5IOlUKWGwNq-GSIK6kxSbRKfWrWz0_UrQahhDgOxrN3TFjuXR1nmEkJy0rurL1FXBxsweaBvAhsM/s400/yosemite+knap+in+014.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQNnrY4PaFYB47gtMqS94lEEpiUqk6Qwo5eyNQKkQPP_jxiq37JGosOb2jAHAPSG-42BsRXkzshYf-uQKs6FuVJ49ozyCH8lh4o6ifBhj4l94G9a8iQyC0eI21L_2TUoqsMqO9sK1Guzg/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+013.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639036798274387458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQNnrY4PaFYB47gtMqS94lEEpiUqk6Qwo5eyNQKkQPP_jxiq37JGosOb2jAHAPSG-42BsRXkzshYf-uQKs6FuVJ49ozyCH8lh4o6ifBhj4l94G9a8iQyC0eI21L_2TUoqsMqO9sK1Guzg/s400/yosemite+knap+in+013.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaq_3M9vxMM_iGU6MpQgvvUAwR88yJq0tvI2A1DrZSgwrZiI8MvH0IEYp7hXVxFvaLQlQnJt3sq8NIAznXl2Mh4OVFwWPnsxL62aGQNZGwYBrX34uzDbh9oMQn_qOFwcHMRVwMuXGqRT0/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+012.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639036639128776690" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaq_3M9vxMM_iGU6MpQgvvUAwR88yJq0tvI2A1DrZSgwrZiI8MvH0IEYp7hXVxFvaLQlQnJt3sq8NIAznXl2Mh4OVFwWPnsxL62aGQNZGwYBrX34uzDbh9oMQn_qOFwcHMRVwMuXGqRT0/s400/yosemite+knap+in+012.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
Link to Merkle's 'Finegold knap in". Merkle and Patric Aims are long time flint knappers, Pat is a member of the "<strong>Bakersfield knappers".</strong>http://paleoplanet69529.yuku.com/topic/44156/Finegold-knap-in-photos-and-article <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Yn_YUGjsnp-jEMX6v3yftJWX1UUeDy-tmyn8p_yUd3ERZfjKkueHCymP-t7DKuKtimQmL-w1uthFcskI_PrXAh57DUzpYqIFkxgdQ-eqqxNOrrOlVHVEqRSVKn_CBPouoO4MfvMZZn4/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+009.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639036497571240194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Yn_YUGjsnp-jEMX6v3yftJWX1UUeDy-tmyn8p_yUd3ERZfjKkueHCymP-t7DKuKtimQmL-w1uthFcskI_PrXAh57DUzpYqIFkxgdQ-eqqxNOrrOlVHVEqRSVKn_CBPouoO4MfvMZZn4/s400/yosemite+knap+in+009.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMXwW74qpYDmmcDaU8_PuyMuESsG_YgqNZlu0I9edEdwz4b1GUiJ1XvORarJbHgbFzocnAG2XPWNPuLlg0yBjfhgK1WvxeBeMcUr57n-ialbyf2xmR8DO-Jufb0GyfY29qltPsSoXXBTM/s1600/JEANNIE.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639036185799392226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMXwW74qpYDmmcDaU8_PuyMuESsG_YgqNZlu0I9edEdwz4b1GUiJ1XvORarJbHgbFzocnAG2XPWNPuLlg0yBjfhgK1WvxeBeMcUr57n-ialbyf2xmR8DO-Jufb0GyfY29qltPsSoXXBTM/s400/JEANNIE.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5YxCmgWcs-2ms63GUo7qnqNQjT_iTovAEHUzSQY2IRg43oTCqZGQX0-kTj7yU7xFQrITMYL_xK2xJC-mO6L3o7j86cWyXYGtkKL80UhTJ2MWTCuCW02M3jXwF3JFXzVUfKYaNLOTz1Cs/s1600/REDUCTION.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639035977313666674" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5YxCmgWcs-2ms63GUo7qnqNQjT_iTovAEHUzSQY2IRg43oTCqZGQX0-kTj7yU7xFQrITMYL_xK2xJC-mO6L3o7j86cWyXYGtkKL80UhTJ2MWTCuCW02M3jXwF3JFXzVUfKYaNLOTz1Cs/s400/REDUCTION.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 266px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
Above <strong>Ray Harwood </strong>shows how to spall obsidian. Below RAy sits in a native bark dwelling with his "Moby Dick" arrowhead. <br />
<br />
Ray started flintknapping in 1969. He got his Archaeology degree in 1984, Studied with lithics expert Clay Singer. Ray often plays country blues guitar or banjo at <br />
knap ins. Ray has a black belt in Karate and was a tanker (armor) in the Army. <br />
Ray is an avid mountain biker, scuba diver and other stuff. <br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIq9CMc-38N8TsIeZQIng8VGFW2b-PveHIt2sFdHLPK5zTUxVx8SfGjyRZjXTMKV8vbyzYKxpJZXidI-3lXI83vpReuXfk_o1ueRmY0g5992ctZZOaMOXeDZ43pL-0mqYq4Y0K4OY43M0/s1600/WHITE+2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639035860494733458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIq9CMc-38N8TsIeZQIng8VGFW2b-PveHIt2sFdHLPK5zTUxVx8SfGjyRZjXTMKV8vbyzYKxpJZXidI-3lXI83vpReuXfk_o1ueRmY0g5992ctZZOaMOXeDZ43pL-0mqYq4Y0K4OY43M0/s400/WHITE+2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 266px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLbfQS5NPglaAkNj691z0GHZKnC4YwueP-zKFDA0u0n1jbB1KcBQT6iFDnxkRCU0vyrKs0nHczZLfF14FUOd16aovUChkvLETqCxM8Ygg4_KJyrMRFpofS21QiDuHX4Y3bwAEBOtx8jmE/s1600/EL+CAP.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639035509606822466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLbfQS5NPglaAkNj691z0GHZKnC4YwueP-zKFDA0u0n1jbB1KcBQT6iFDnxkRCU0vyrKs0nHczZLfF14FUOd16aovUChkvLETqCxM8Ygg4_KJyrMRFpofS21QiDuHX4Y3bwAEBOtx8jmE/s400/EL+CAP.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 266px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong>THE YOSEMITE KNAP IN AUGUST 6TH AND 7TH, 2011</strong> <br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJj6bYISevhGw3cb-7ruHpbRBC3S5EHBHWNyk5xlqB-6NbPZadbI76JTuMoxaZarGyKdIUF5c1drsAVFpVHmwhVuzPqDUuqj9F0EidIG_orj_9aOr394cAFA4pBjJhNDix0S4d-xPYl2c/s1600/YOSEMITE+LETTER.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5637216977841410786" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJj6bYISevhGw3cb-7ruHpbRBC3S5EHBHWNyk5xlqB-6NbPZadbI76JTuMoxaZarGyKdIUF5c1drsAVFpVHmwhVuzPqDUuqj9F0EidIG_orj_9aOr394cAFA4pBjJhNDix0S4d-xPYl2c/s400/YOSEMITE+LETTER.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 299px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZ29eJevsPIo3sqHB7d-Y3HfYP6WS9Zg7eHBhPh1Eg5yDVY393hBwfN4fu9SVNhp5nNP7qWno5hTeJN0zruBgDrcAwLD24jRxRqluE9NNmy9uQK10awtvpVD6Y9xkM-1dxSh5LR5x5Zs/s1600/chip+t+shirt.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633032417937359570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZ29eJevsPIo3sqHB7d-Y3HfYP6WS9Zg7eHBhPh1Eg5yDVY393hBwfN4fu9SVNhp5nNP7qWno5hTeJN0zruBgDrcAwLD24jRxRqluE9NNmy9uQK10awtvpVD6Y9xkM-1dxSh5LR5x5Zs/s400/chip+t+shirt.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 323px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
The above is the T shirt Ray designed, and wore at the knap in. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguYANKQlKJud9bBOc5VGKReG8YkBIlHZTtdZgES6bWFvJ8MiN07JX2_0f_H6H3J8WVPInGF-mWp5BP1Lyl-j_Xc2lEOgLjxwqn56SgsMwhQ4ZDmTmdK4SYPWbiNE8MLb1tF8_2RXd6NJ8/s1600/chip.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632973315587157090" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguYANKQlKJud9bBOc5VGKReG8YkBIlHZTtdZgES6bWFvJ8MiN07JX2_0f_H6H3J8WVPInGF-mWp5BP1Lyl-j_Xc2lEOgLjxwqn56SgsMwhQ4ZDmTmdK4SYPWbiNE8MLb1tF8_2RXd6NJ8/s400/chip.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 323px;" /></a> <br />
<strong>"Chip" the flintknapping bear</strong> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfjW_C7plmeGBb6E3CrdeS9QIhPN_r55c13qhAsz0TSNjYW4TfVKke3MskfiNeFRkBH3gbZnjH3Nzwlvf2xAwphvBaz9USx5aKlSF4sgFNHTaAM60JFnf3LPizsrgYtNY5l6tcDYT3MXg/s1600/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+112.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5625161609056683650" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfjW_C7plmeGBb6E3CrdeS9QIhPN_r55c13qhAsz0TSNjYW4TfVKke3MskfiNeFRkBH3gbZnjH3Nzwlvf2xAwphvBaz9USx5aKlSF4sgFNHTaAM60JFnf3LPizsrgYtNY5l6tcDYT3MXg/s400/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+112.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
Forwarded Message ---- <br />
From: "<strong>Ben_Cunningham</strong>-Summerfield@nps.gov" <ben_cunningham-summerfield nps.gov=""><br />Sent: Wed, June 29, 2011 4:39:19 PM <br />Subject: Yosemite Valley Knap-In <br /><br />Good Afternoon Fellow/ess Knappers - <br /> I am dashing this note off to get an idea of how many of you might be <br />interested in attending a knap-in here in Yosemite National Park. In case <br />you are wondering Dave Sunderland sent me your e-mail addresses. If you <br />are interested please send me your mailing address and telephone number(s) <br />and the best to reach you at. This is simply exploratory and I am looking <br />at August 6 and 7 for the actual knap in with arrival possible on the 5th. <br />I have some details to wrap up with camping arrangements and such, but <br />please let me know one way or the other. <br /><br />Thanks <br />Ben <br />209-372-0303 - office <br />209-352-4086 - cell <br /><br />[Non-text portions of this message have been removed] <br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikERG5BTRrtO_KgnD-B_0RHbkmS3WubYDgK9zL3Nn-zseYZE_gqGvCYryo7Hn7OafJF9wSAVNQYZ5eI3NwCmNc0-AIYG-STf_Y2ndARznKdFQLk804-CwOVwg4pTipw8usskfQf6_iW6U/s1600/YOSIMITE+AUG+2010+005.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5625161263203624722" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikERG5BTRrtO_KgnD-B_0RHbkmS3WubYDgK9zL3Nn-zseYZE_gqGvCYryo7Hn7OafJF9wSAVNQYZ5eI3NwCmNc0-AIYG-STf_Y2ndARznKdFQLk804-CwOVwg4pTipw8usskfQf6_iW6U/s400/YOSIMITE+AUG+2010+005.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <br />Mariposa Grove <br />Some of the most remarkable natural resources to be found in Yosemite National Park are the giant sequoia trees. In the park these trees are found in three separate groves. The largest group of these trees is located in the Mariposa Grove. <br /><br />Perhaps the most remarkable sequoia in the grove, and indeed the park, is the Grizzly Giant, originally known as the "Grizzled Giant." This enormous tree is believed to be 2700 years old, the oldest known sequoia tree. Sequoias are among the oldest know organisms on earth, surpassed only by the venerable bristlecone pines. <br /><br /><br /><br /><strong></strong></ben_cunningham-summerfield> iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/D2yoDKoqayk" width="420"&gt; <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
2012 YOSEMITE KNAP IN </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6J1QuYgYdIcQflYDKhcKKyaY5ZiA3du1nlNNzLNkErWwmNFhE38QyxOwfx6ucCgZHLXnu0i2yXSrnb_PcbvzWTN63RMxQSkDMJV1bqs2c__awvQI6WOSj-AqoVHoPb_IZsdwXkcOTWh4/s1600/YOSEMITE+LETTER.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6J1QuYgYdIcQflYDKhcKKyaY5ZiA3du1nlNNzLNkErWwmNFhE38QyxOwfx6ucCgZHLXnu0i2yXSrnb_PcbvzWTN63RMxQSkDMJV1bqs2c__awvQI6WOSj-AqoVHoPb_IZsdwXkcOTWh4/s320/YOSEMITE+LETTER.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibvOitxK8vAgJh_MuxDm9KsMlXITEnJKgX6pZLTiBapcjPvHy-t9eLMpV_qPR8DM9NKxPfWUwXvh5hNborNRGMKsnF1L4I_InucDFcT31U4fYu6U53pWPLeEKna_Oz3PaNBgoCaR6PpfU/s1600/IMG_6088.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibvOitxK8vAgJh_MuxDm9KsMlXITEnJKgX6pZLTiBapcjPvHy-t9eLMpV_qPR8DM9NKxPfWUwXvh5hNborNRGMKsnF1L4I_InucDFcT31U4fYu6U53pWPLeEKna_Oz3PaNBgoCaR6PpfU/s320/IMG_6088.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJnLzsi5AvquPcULKDzM2RyT1BOgD6UnncuHT2SQ32aeNfJ1IDasidKwktschyWNDkZ1oLbdi_Gn_VQZQ1xrZxSDpyLtACW1_XeRbwwUpkyPUfI1dLjB3IMh66WeAFKq30WZs-FZ6Vwsc/s1600/IMG_6113.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJnLzsi5AvquPcULKDzM2RyT1BOgD6UnncuHT2SQ32aeNfJ1IDasidKwktschyWNDkZ1oLbdi_Gn_VQZQ1xrZxSDpyLtACW1_XeRbwwUpkyPUfI1dLjB3IMh66WeAFKq30WZs-FZ6Vwsc/s320/IMG_6113.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU6fxJDGam8mSjuiXIDj_p6x21WM7EjbTPrNAqbXKXRJQAe_7r59aN1TMyHn3qOnWi0AiPjXtkxvNXOFZ5Nh24AuqdEAfcx8_W_Ei-5RpS6tDkQ1WVR7aIqKAHddarCNzVZTZmoEZ72hM/s1600/IMG_6117.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU6fxJDGam8mSjuiXIDj_p6x21WM7EjbTPrNAqbXKXRJQAe_7r59aN1TMyHn3qOnWi0AiPjXtkxvNXOFZ5Nh24AuqdEAfcx8_W_Ei-5RpS6tDkQ1WVR7aIqKAHddarCNzVZTZmoEZ72hM/s320/IMG_6117.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5IFYnv5BJ7t9G9S6cscI0O1vbtk_uAiAUIgwxThQBLkdDGappjYsY3qYK8cpkEYEBvg28vqeOZVR3oE6QnE5ktNp5AK4iJKXpsFblirRl3Bu0Ap0O5igX11ACtvXJdpK2VSmHzsCIDt8/s1600/IMG_6048.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5IFYnv5BJ7t9G9S6cscI0O1vbtk_uAiAUIgwxThQBLkdDGappjYsY3qYK8cpkEYEBvg28vqeOZVR3oE6QnE5ktNp5AK4iJKXpsFblirRl3Bu0Ap0O5igX11ACtvXJdpK2VSmHzsCIDt8/s320/IMG_6048.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe0D8zL-HLmMde9QSTf5m8QaIFjFqCZxVx1zMdxP9ciB6cOE7TOTXtR0vcUyWh7ygBZhd7pC3aK-pQNhaKcDv08WTw5Z6WWbrq7TaJYN9vbl6T42vL2nH7MJ9Xnp0QvjsaG8Vfi9cKjU0/s1600/IMG_6111.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe0D8zL-HLmMde9QSTf5m8QaIFjFqCZxVx1zMdxP9ciB6cOE7TOTXtR0vcUyWh7ygBZhd7pC3aK-pQNhaKcDv08WTw5Z6WWbrq7TaJYN9vbl6T42vL2nH7MJ9Xnp0QvjsaG8Vfi9cKjU0/s320/IMG_6111.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwpa4shUHSguvxctY-9ukpHou4fFVstloIm-ZiSyKoyJ_2CAhjQbjx9VhEwiA6GGYT4sodbeCmLCneJydACI6p-5epPTex_QRmoKJQsfVsacZjxfoR2uMI6b63yEBh1jyA_UjtkqUtr2w/s1600/IMG_6136.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwpa4shUHSguvxctY-9ukpHou4fFVstloIm-ZiSyKoyJ_2CAhjQbjx9VhEwiA6GGYT4sodbeCmLCneJydACI6p-5epPTex_QRmoKJQsfVsacZjxfoR2uMI6b63yEBh1jyA_UjtkqUtr2w/s320/IMG_6136.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtuXMTUd1Zx18XLwMi5gPi35_kCdUnc8odqpcFyQvdUi5P9GuiyMARirwSktn6OaPpd6B4iir3PCIjt870JSfJY3bNeZvQM3IFkXclwW0_ryp1wzoVBj6GfblKGQHi159mInSj0TOiH8I/s1600/IMG_6228.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtuXMTUd1Zx18XLwMi5gPi35_kCdUnc8odqpcFyQvdUi5P9GuiyMARirwSktn6OaPpd6B4iir3PCIjt870JSfJY3bNeZvQM3IFkXclwW0_ryp1wzoVBj6GfblKGQHi159mInSj0TOiH8I/s320/IMG_6228.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivi3I_84opmL1yUMSEkOFVcOzrNUOlXdX1d-K-oPsVf0PyTbCIthqYbFmNccjXZfiCJHGWjVADqGjKiiV2u5rTSc8Bf-y6uEZg7W8KvUyE2YA5B6s_K1lGcnXxmvIYgDgRvRp9gG4eHQM/s1600/IMG_6230.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivi3I_84opmL1yUMSEkOFVcOzrNUOlXdX1d-K-oPsVf0PyTbCIthqYbFmNccjXZfiCJHGWjVADqGjKiiV2u5rTSc8Bf-y6uEZg7W8KvUyE2YA5B6s_K1lGcnXxmvIYgDgRvRp9gG4eHQM/s320/IMG_6230.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmEdKcI4oPuQCT_vfYrJsUuQqXaG18_bbbg7lBvCnywRRhct7fG5dSLd4GnT03r1vJC358XBRurlIYQZDlM9gkSqFpTxIf-Hugw1Mr-8_T7SVbGBV_WLzerMKrRPjUQrR-GDHZg6_GlR0/s1600/IMG_6233.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmEdKcI4oPuQCT_vfYrJsUuQqXaG18_bbbg7lBvCnywRRhct7fG5dSLd4GnT03r1vJC358XBRurlIYQZDlM9gkSqFpTxIf-Hugw1Mr-8_T7SVbGBV_WLzerMKrRPjUQrR-GDHZg6_GlR0/s320/IMG_6233.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSao0fEmR7jhhHcOE7Uu3z8KFTIwuDNFzvCp3dTZ_vv1agTTtCMGjMusWvl3txgImA3_sufgYkLhmVX7P5KKtDVocCWStapGdkVDpBazmTpKjSMreVo_fGgDQLYazvRAoGZ21FVvhyphenhyphenllI/s1600/IMG_6243.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSao0fEmR7jhhHcOE7Uu3z8KFTIwuDNFzvCp3dTZ_vv1agTTtCMGjMusWvl3txgImA3_sufgYkLhmVX7P5KKtDVocCWStapGdkVDpBazmTpKjSMreVo_fGgDQLYazvRAoGZ21FVvhyphenhyphenllI/s320/IMG_6243.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbhHm-2PCWcCm30gX4oVyCZWTuSslKwTa0CwNpFwEuNl8c13eEOV2URW66BunLsJP3gCHmz8XBN02Ub0cHOaGqpkUKxto4TQ5KO8cJal1Va2GNgL47scaXyTjYb-2bW6SeDn861qeDwbo/s1600/IMG_6246.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbhHm-2PCWcCm30gX4oVyCZWTuSslKwTa0CwNpFwEuNl8c13eEOV2URW66BunLsJP3gCHmz8XBN02Ub0cHOaGqpkUKxto4TQ5KO8cJal1Va2GNgL47scaXyTjYb-2bW6SeDn861qeDwbo/s320/IMG_6246.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh03fB0eZdvKFqLJfaKAAIzAYk0OYvBFZ4pLlJRF9ppqKwgxNMlNeCZ9elne-SwEbeA7gi9jfD3LtcTcAKmR0AkOWRSXj-a9wzgr4xaoBlVznfjcdLQv3pW0TEhFaCdn6TlnQdCF2x7ldE/s1600/IMG_6248.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh03fB0eZdvKFqLJfaKAAIzAYk0OYvBFZ4pLlJRF9ppqKwgxNMlNeCZ9elne-SwEbeA7gi9jfD3LtcTcAKmR0AkOWRSXj-a9wzgr4xaoBlVznfjcdLQv3pW0TEhFaCdn6TlnQdCF2x7ldE/s320/IMG_6248.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfF7FRST3ebn_vgHqVWao3_bpQyhLmkXyLjkfgzQTIcyG_UVBNnNdG8XE1U7VfLAras7xxGE6ssG9gNx1CYTTs6IX_gf77_hgLiqFd_8MeRsLJtjvMf7ZgE7XOYel8Hqfl0_TIQuOG71c/s1600/IMG_6038.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfF7FRST3ebn_vgHqVWao3_bpQyhLmkXyLjkfgzQTIcyG_UVBNnNdG8XE1U7VfLAras7xxGE6ssG9gNx1CYTTs6IX_gf77_hgLiqFd_8MeRsLJtjvMf7ZgE7XOYel8Hqfl0_TIQuOG71c/s320/IMG_6038.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIsUMQwGzoi_sKBrmpLuioNmXAj0rYQeZE8wNw7mUIDxc1kdwrYFOaDvz6qXLfVfMsC0Of5d76mlySJdywUskkcNlknKh9hqlezdYniSuFYqNlObVApT3X5R7tSzzrQ1DVw6jCQW9sobo/s1600/IMG_6249.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIsUMQwGzoi_sKBrmpLuioNmXAj0rYQeZE8wNw7mUIDxc1kdwrYFOaDvz6qXLfVfMsC0Of5d76mlySJdywUskkcNlknKh9hqlezdYniSuFYqNlObVApT3X5R7tSzzrQ1DVw6jCQW9sobo/s320/IMG_6249.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiwY2gW5bgTuj8cU8agkhj5wiw4ibxxqhisE7yjOPF1MYSl1tCl9gxM2GPPLg8ejZr8VzOXIA12XAza1_0YS5I0SRSqK_wX80_qwbSshp-H59NLGrV3vB28aNFtHk4MpygsnDblOH1ci0/s1600/IMG_6237.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiwY2gW5bgTuj8cU8agkhj5wiw4ibxxqhisE7yjOPF1MYSl1tCl9gxM2GPPLg8ejZr8VzOXIA12XAza1_0YS5I0SRSqK_wX80_qwbSshp-H59NLGrV3vB28aNFtHk4MpygsnDblOH1ci0/s320/IMG_6237.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmoO9eKs0LB5TElU0yT3hV0fEZY9MYmtUyPCWe-1u_J2YKaJTab4BsqM96zGjKx8drAQ5vu_fJt-Dx1GYhKzYRE5eePIMPVz7n4Sb5YM2_yUeEoi00AsAxzEFXLmJZfjzwZ9nDkEUAXvw/s1600/IMG_6250.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmoO9eKs0LB5TElU0yT3hV0fEZY9MYmtUyPCWe-1u_J2YKaJTab4BsqM96zGjKx8drAQ5vu_fJt-Dx1GYhKzYRE5eePIMPVz7n4Sb5YM2_yUeEoi00AsAxzEFXLmJZfjzwZ9nDkEUAXvw/s320/IMG_6250.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDk5-65AQYUxK9K46q6iaaJeeBa0qwAY3rnk7BQufTEYsYsfV5-fWwK_ybRILMryspRilvFGee53UBrqw38i8aFymPXUddgrmK71ryP5y2Maek4CecM0zxKbe-PZF9D83X0zwDC0qY_UU/s1600/IMG_6253.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDk5-65AQYUxK9K46q6iaaJeeBa0qwAY3rnk7BQufTEYsYsfV5-fWwK_ybRILMryspRilvFGee53UBrqw38i8aFymPXUddgrmK71ryP5y2Maek4CecM0zxKbe-PZF9D83X0zwDC0qY_UU/s320/IMG_6253.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfGSIW0fOBhQi3rdL7SCW5oppt6TyG51Rq8d-lLyNJyPBF4r10D0DP10VCB_l_GMUxYMiTdlCEVM_eouXcc0zCCJI2LOlWY_ujVtSzDfuOtUWF9FfLw09d6oMmdrse3-WvIonbIjbphpo/s1600/IMG_6255.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfGSIW0fOBhQi3rdL7SCW5oppt6TyG51Rq8d-lLyNJyPBF4r10D0DP10VCB_l_GMUxYMiTdlCEVM_eouXcc0zCCJI2LOlWY_ujVtSzDfuOtUWF9FfLw09d6oMmdrse3-WvIonbIjbphpo/s320/IMG_6255.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh79n_HEUJ4EX2cpk48SFGzD6TcGp1mPgxDftIhc5GDrCbnMTSn_f-IbiC_fyxRnJI0QeHQDSoIm2SIimHsO1BE4TRVBC3dDgBnGmPuy_Zwr8IPODx7uKj1duwzYhzY3jnTPIW1MhURpkU/s1600/YOSEMITE+TRIP+NOV+2010+030.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5625161112523545618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh79n_HEUJ4EX2cpk48SFGzD6TcGp1mPgxDftIhc5GDrCbnMTSn_f-IbiC_fyxRnJI0QeHQDSoIm2SIimHsO1BE4TRVBC3dDgBnGmPuy_Zwr8IPODx7uKj1duwzYhzY3jnTPIW1MhURpkU/s400/YOSEMITE+TRIP+NOV+2010+030.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> Photos by: Ray Harwood <br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/D2yoDKoqayk" width="420"></iframe> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/RRXsIRkdc5o" width="420"></iframe> THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-51261155924563445452013-04-30T12:49:00.002-07:002013-05-01T13:10:14.706-07:00 Clay Singer , California Archaeologist at N.A.R.C<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtB19MY94ecF35KQDdhotpr3Aa5kvInPbJyNp0smPRXMiz0AiKo2qgegSwpM6BCOYQVOCKJiBk-6UZ343KcetTx97-FeOlCep6z8dcT7QxP6gekYClIeeT4eZTDehIXISXe7jhtfQaDZY/s1600/ROCKART+RIP.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtB19MY94ecF35KQDdhotpr3Aa5kvInPbJyNp0smPRXMiz0AiKo2qgegSwpM6BCOYQVOCKJiBk-6UZ343KcetTx97-FeOlCep6z8dcT7QxP6gekYClIeeT4eZTDehIXISXe7jhtfQaDZY/s640/ROCKART+RIP.jpg" width="640" /></a>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Profile of C A Singer & Assoc
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh12giIbkFFx8Can8a2RMc4289hICZswF_wKqDliFTDVV0GUIFsj-hkTm2HKQW5i4Ynk8jLRmWuWbQXezgUhusyO55ou4kniK_5Jl18ddOCYpHjRTdZ6saBm-VSxewtAIS7mqW9E9NoAcM/s1600/C+NARC+23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh12giIbkFFx8Can8a2RMc4289hICZswF_wKqDliFTDVV0GUIFsj-hkTm2HKQW5i4Ynk8jLRmWuWbQXezgUhusyO55ou4kniK_5Jl18ddOCYpHjRTdZ6saBm-VSxewtAIS7mqW9E9NoAcM/s320/C+NARC+23.jpg" width="229" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZOlNw6JLw70HGL_Lsay3_nId-H8tKaFilO3ETeJAcg_BlAaabPEV-O4UCSWbRJsduFdD4s05HQUJQH49WDUGDNkkv0SFDrd181AcCE6r-jAzGN3bv0VkE8VQXdm63n2l7B3Al8wX_ZFQ/s1600/C+NARC+36.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZOlNw6JLw70HGL_Lsay3_nId-H8tKaFilO3ETeJAcg_BlAaabPEV-O4UCSWbRJsduFdD4s05HQUJQH49WDUGDNkkv0SFDrd181AcCE6r-jAzGN3bv0VkE8VQXdm63n2l7B3Al8wX_ZFQ/s320/C+NARC+36.jpg" /></a>
Business Name: C A Singer & Assoc
Contact Person: Clay Singer
Title: President
Gender: Male
Address: PO Box 99
Cambria, CA 93428
Office Phone: (805) 927-0414
Office Fax: (805) 927-0414
Office Email: -
Web Address: -
Estimated Staff: 9
Industrial Classification: 872101 - Accountants </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjND6FWMHk1DFpHn1Tr7lCr2bfYmRpLY404fspPfvPUkY5t7HeEtoBnGLaYkzvMcB7h918Hn4yob7Cq22RSHjcXtpsqOXKvKarvAd4CZWZVCY79CAxcbMFaL2xmiJVPatew-OFtaUXj0rw/s1600/CLAY+SINGER+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjND6FWMHk1DFpHn1Tr7lCr2bfYmRpLY404fspPfvPUkY5t7HeEtoBnGLaYkzvMcB7h918Hn4yob7Cq22RSHjcXtpsqOXKvKarvAd4CZWZVCY79CAxcbMFaL2xmiJVPatew-OFtaUXj0rw/s640/CLAY+SINGER+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CLAY SINGER, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGIST</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NARC MRS. WESSEL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<strong> <span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-large;">Clay Singer , California Archaeologist.</span></strong> <br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Notification of Passing</span> <br />
<div class="popular-content">
<div class="popular-article">
<div class="user-contributed">
<div class="summary">
For those of you who worked in southern California, the name of Clay Singer will undoubtedly ring a bell. Clay passed away lay Wednesday. Kote and Aleqoy will conduct the ceremony at San Simeon Cove (Wm R Hearst Mem. State Beach) on Saturday (Apr. 23rd) in the evening at 5-8 PM. Clay's wife Lynne suggests parking on the road by San Simeon (Sebastian Store) and walking in as the park gate may close at sunset. Clay was active in southern California especially along the coast for some 40 years. Trained under Francois Bordes in France in Lithic technology. MA at UCLA. </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="popular-item-meta">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">Please note that the date for the memorial is incorrect. Clay's memorial will be held on Saturday, March 23rd NOT April 23 as previously indicated</span><br />
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""></span><br />
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""><span style="font-size: large;">THE PHOTOS ARE FROM NORTHRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTER 1982-1984. CLAY SINGER WAS PROFESSOR AT C.S.U.N AND SUPERVISOR OF N.A.R.C</span>.</span></div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNIomcQfNGht8M67D4z5PIvT-ucPlszbzfBsDqQXvdo8k7pFpAlVV8imJnRbNdXM30oew0kwi2pZmDggHDnRJHQ_T7OwmojTczSdfMMaio2jOSXR8DMXHOf1GczwDBJR4l19gV2KxV0As/s1600/CLAY+SINGER+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNIomcQfNGht8M67D4z5PIvT-ucPlszbzfBsDqQXvdo8k7pFpAlVV8imJnRbNdXM30oew0kwi2pZmDggHDnRJHQ_T7OwmojTczSdfMMaio2jOSXR8DMXHOf1GczwDBJR4l19gV2KxV0As/s640/CLAY+SINGER+5.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CLAY SINGER, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGIST</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkRKEaLdiUo2nIsT_uW_dIzosDld-XjadMXC1UOV5W3jOrnME-vmqJXLzPipCDfw0ha8G52Veg9qbEmGK75fcAMqLceV8RyYezxhqtPI7YoxvDNC8hGEIrxAM9_aXXL02c3yagmFWy4Bk/s1600/NARC+21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkRKEaLdiUo2nIsT_uW_dIzosDld-XjadMXC1UOV5W3jOrnME-vmqJXLzPipCDfw0ha8G52Veg9qbEmGK75fcAMqLceV8RyYezxhqtPI7YoxvDNC8hGEIrxAM9_aXXL02c3yagmFWy4Bk/s400/NARC+21.jpg" width="305" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">JOHN ATWOOD, CLAY STUDENT.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjklYwNxNnvQmAxZ_TSwc8yyUcdDzWhxT5vqYjrY-cZznqnyv1oo4paIX6RbAfWwTH9kKOJO-WguShtwLNYhHs_uavdEtvAYcS1JCFgmGsIh1jKDgR4TEry3PixxNhkva2eZzcC2AlFl_g/s1600/NARC+17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjklYwNxNnvQmAxZ_TSwc8yyUcdDzWhxT5vqYjrY-cZznqnyv1oo4paIX6RbAfWwTH9kKOJO-WguShtwLNYhHs_uavdEtvAYcS1JCFgmGsIh1jKDgR4TEry3PixxNhkva2eZzcC2AlFl_g/s320/NARC+17.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">RAY HARWOOD, CLAY STUDENT </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8XneZMLbhD1rGv2H6BdM2GSAsoHYw600zGzgEpmWHJyy-03DH8TghDgtDxJMF83IoCotWOJCAupewT6I5rr6pQ5zmWKEWttFv1UjE5LIrNKGzsbxZthaG1FUGzfMG6ymIjEkPgSoRbIk/s1600/NARC+20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8XneZMLbhD1rGv2H6BdM2GSAsoHYw600zGzgEpmWHJyy-03DH8TghDgtDxJMF83IoCotWOJCAupewT6I5rr6pQ5zmWKEWttFv1UjE5LIrNKGzsbxZthaG1FUGzfMG6ymIjEkPgSoRbIk/s320/NARC+20.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbj8irvkbbwTDy5hk7tvpIOfFAlcXCCs_VwleKvfOEz-aDKGN9BE3MkLMB9DL98t7Vb6NOUoQxTUwJOiz_miR7zfYOwYYtl2xP8Z3OAMSkH3KrfI_NpJaexfHCqttTS_uM-A4hX7oVY0Q/s1600/NARC+19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbj8irvkbbwTDy5hk7tvpIOfFAlcXCCs_VwleKvfOEz-aDKGN9BE3MkLMB9DL98t7Vb6NOUoQxTUwJOiz_miR7zfYOwYYtl2xP8Z3OAMSkH3KrfI_NpJaexfHCqttTS_uM-A4hX7oVY0Q/s320/NARC+19.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj4WSnSmyhWd7OUKL8z9LCGkg5SD9JKMTDTajZsulI3aG5ag9CE_BtlmXLQHPxvhfYLuXJQbWCJSPpHgK2f5eaRG1AQm5MH0n86KyG78DaVLE_egBtR4roK-nrGvILx-3PGO8HuE8Mt-8/s1600/NARC+16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj4WSnSmyhWd7OUKL8z9LCGkg5SD9JKMTDTajZsulI3aG5ag9CE_BtlmXLQHPxvhfYLuXJQbWCJSPpHgK2f5eaRG1AQm5MH0n86KyG78DaVLE_egBtR4roK-nrGvILx-3PGO8HuE8Mt-8/s320/NARC+16.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"NARCIES"</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7VXMHswvviM391iP9IG2B38VOSVkSvYMk_uQKT516RJoh0dYq-7-nAq4YcbD9o-WaMDLLVMVMA7HEzsA4fNa2tFqRSi36QiCGIpiE1Vs5xmuMgB_oADD2NClD-qHolAG68BSCnu5Vhc0/s1600/NARC+15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7VXMHswvviM391iP9IG2B38VOSVkSvYMk_uQKT516RJoh0dYq-7-nAq4YcbD9o-WaMDLLVMVMA7HEzsA4fNa2tFqRSi36QiCGIpiE1Vs5xmuMgB_oADD2NClD-qHolAG68BSCnu5Vhc0/s320/NARC+15.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ERIC SCOTT. CLAY STUDENT</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4PtKsfl5X4sbcxay0K7pJx2UR9HoDjrrAx4MCniIQhqu2XqQJ6sVe9N89iO6clsWB3y0SI570GCTd7sxROrZ5Vwrw6zYJKRM-uUoqTUQyfwAVSAzR9nwuFLuaQl80BkW1n9lsOshyG8g/s1600/NARC+14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4PtKsfl5X4sbcxay0K7pJx2UR9HoDjrrAx4MCniIQhqu2XqQJ6sVe9N89iO6clsWB3y0SI570GCTd7sxROrZ5Vwrw6zYJKRM-uUoqTUQyfwAVSAzR9nwuFLuaQl80BkW1n9lsOshyG8g/s320/NARC+14.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">WAYNE SHOEMACHER 1982</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUsLhovzmfpxPB0nqaMENuaXUxlorNRje5sl492BVXELr-8WkPGzFamIg9dUrVSDRJ6f848tA-TDf8ym-glqAED3rnp7YJevzZpwHTcBbRrx5UVSXUPYlAmQot1EoJRcl-zpomlIilRsQ/s1600/NARC+12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUsLhovzmfpxPB0nqaMENuaXUxlorNRje5sl492BVXELr-8WkPGzFamIg9dUrVSDRJ6f848tA-TDf8ym-glqAED3rnp7YJevzZpwHTcBbRrx5UVSXUPYlAmQot1EoJRcl-zpomlIilRsQ/s320/NARC+12.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NARC ARTIFACTS</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRSzfSkF33bi3JFkwX59P2PTCZ88kt-Lw27_3AupKvdPCs5ssvRmYt0phDiSBcCsy60_Sa997ZAAksWeHTYuHeloIGP2w77Zjp1NmxFvD7_P8inp5Y_hXSl5RkLUltOU420IMIG_lJnnw/s1600/NARC+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRSzfSkF33bi3JFkwX59P2PTCZ88kt-Lw27_3AupKvdPCs5ssvRmYt0phDiSBcCsy60_Sa997ZAAksWeHTYuHeloIGP2w77Zjp1NmxFvD7_P8inp5Y_hXSl5RkLUltOU420IMIG_lJnnw/s320/NARC+7.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NARC MRS. WESSEL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<strong> Clay Singer , California Archaeologist.</strong> <br />
Notification of Passing <br />
<div class="popular-content">
<div class="popular-article">
<div class="user-contributed">
<div class="summary">
For those of you who worked in southern California, the name of Clay Singer will undoubtedly ring a bell. Clay passed away lay Wednesday. Kote and Aleqoy will conduct the ceremony at San Simeon Cove (Wm R Hearst Mem. State Beach) on Saturday (Apr. 23rd) in the evening at 5-8 PM. Clay's wife Lynne suggests parking on the road by San Simeon (Sebastian Store) and walking in as the park gate may close at sunset. Clay was active in southern California especially along the coast for some 40 years. Trained under Francois Bordes in France in Lithic technology. MA at UCLA. </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="popular-item-meta">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">Please note that the date for the memorial is incorrect. Clay's memorial will be held on Saturday, March 23rd NOT April 23 as previously indicated. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""></span><br /></div>
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">
<br />
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTqUAbx2w5vCu4mlUo1v-nIZBLd5pf-T80a1XjgE2d6GKJzM3QJ_W6VTNCYcYp1qv3iDHcAofWcA6LCVbBqBlyokP8Da4PxG7MNWHQN4iBlSsY04vZjHmq0SzBM5iT_K8Q2a0FazH2_CE/s1600/chiplessobsidian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTqUAbx2w5vCu4mlUo1v-nIZBLd5pf-T80a1XjgE2d6GKJzM3QJ_W6VTNCYcYp1qv3iDHcAofWcA6LCVbBqBlyokP8Da4PxG7MNWHQN4iBlSsY04vZjHmq0SzBM5iT_K8Q2a0FazH2_CE/s1600/chiplessobsidian.jpg" /></a></span></div>
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""> </span></div>
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""> </span></div>
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRgFSt8zBPb4f6qb5JuOM7fcOX_A_iN35zeGHTsTGFj2cM1jH7BsSsK4qr_oeOhAJDfD8MRC-V9DQBUKeUVHOJIeRbikWzFFPWTpRdXGfXosZGjPm0VZtW0RuM1-JBQ9qy6H5XSf5vFM/s1600/CLAY+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRgFSt8zBPb4f6qb5JuOM7fcOX_A_iN35zeGHTsTGFj2cM1jH7BsSsK4qr_oeOhAJDfD8MRC-V9DQBUKeUVHOJIeRbikWzFFPWTpRdXGfXosZGjPm0VZtW0RuM1-JBQ9qy6H5XSf5vFM/s400/CLAY+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CLAY SINGER, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGIST</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwbngfwOdWe-Mp5PuUaJFnCGFGEJspy9DykGcrvGw5R5KymC-roql56FUD0iLiaD3sdhtciidDroOEx1_nKchPRLPZf8Zi2bpf4rLvWxUVhLqGlPQmDVQ6BM9h9Mz11hfxuztxtYc1x4k/s1600/CLAY+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwbngfwOdWe-Mp5PuUaJFnCGFGEJspy9DykGcrvGw5R5KymC-roql56FUD0iLiaD3sdhtciidDroOEx1_nKchPRLPZf8Zi2bpf4rLvWxUVhLqGlPQmDVQ6BM9h9Mz11hfxuztxtYc1x4k/s400/CLAY+2.jpg" width="327" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CLAY SINGER, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGIST</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRdHsKG_mokGVD7rJKMQPXQuT8Qt-NZvjsPu5CIpNgADJBQ65bk1bT-fY-7J0gsAaBoQrctB9_bDROmK5dd2XTxjEEf34rV57B3aBhIPu4zkpztGqODkb4ns_5u-5hf5sPMy1bFqjyjQk/s1600/CLAY+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRdHsKG_mokGVD7rJKMQPXQuT8Qt-NZvjsPu5CIpNgADJBQ65bk1bT-fY-7J0gsAaBoQrctB9_bDROmK5dd2XTxjEEf34rV57B3aBhIPu4zkpztGqODkb4ns_5u-5hf5sPMy1bFqjyjQk/s320/CLAY+3.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-cr3YrPGBIPrO131B2BrGz0wVnbF4s37g8JWC0vpb09UtZSnb75hpDznCMeQNTRvy8vVqRApzfAIVxzPtuldZEAlKPrEagk_xjQ18NHfFWz5Jq2vwNK_8ILEOvm2TA8WLPeXFY-TMlLQ/s1600/CLAY+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-cr3YrPGBIPrO131B2BrGz0wVnbF4s37g8JWC0vpb09UtZSnb75hpDznCMeQNTRvy8vVqRApzfAIVxzPtuldZEAlKPrEagk_xjQ18NHfFWz5Jq2vwNK_8ILEOvm2TA8WLPeXFY-TMlLQ/s320/CLAY+4.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clay Singer student Ray Harwood (flintknapper)1981 </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdh5rcfYgPEad0bcSipXWlB3FRzFwoZzqvyYirf2N0toyLA1sPCplQzOADkfGjx8YUJ3Y6xtQSahPuBxX_0QE-w-wKId0TgEJ8Cm_EFrL79tv5_XjlXRcDzWoNL_Awcxnm-wTExSKmqMY/s1600/CLAY+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdh5rcfYgPEad0bcSipXWlB3FRzFwoZzqvyYirf2N0toyLA1sPCplQzOADkfGjx8YUJ3Y6xtQSahPuBxX_0QE-w-wKId0TgEJ8Cm_EFrL79tv5_XjlXRcDzWoNL_Awcxnm-wTExSKmqMY/s400/CLAY+6.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CLAY SINGER, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGIST</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0kipvzC8ujz9srkRO2hx3BSYdjnr5TZUi5tbs0nYRfivacU9MiuUkpp7VBWCMf3yGA8AlPkimz6u_IerzaUsDujHDEQp5zaNSsU624E2b_2IAFUwu4Z2oGNk6Bfy4heGA_OlEETBPPCk/s1600/CLAY+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0kipvzC8ujz9srkRO2hx3BSYdjnr5TZUi5tbs0nYRfivacU9MiuUkpp7VBWCMf3yGA8AlPkimz6u_IerzaUsDujHDEQp5zaNSsU624E2b_2IAFUwu4Z2oGNk6Bfy4heGA_OlEETBPPCk/s320/CLAY+8.jpg" width="294" /></a></span></div>
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5n689GeVpBKg13ULSMWSYoI_UNFxSYFlE79tvU3OZNs1jg6e9PrVCyjaODRpfQ5j4EbP5urtDR8JtrDMVLCjOIUuR-XZ_Ve5FOnogI3K7azPtyOh9Ik7a0RfwJx_iKioL1bI40wtSe2Q/s1600/CLAY+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5n689GeVpBKg13ULSMWSYoI_UNFxSYFlE79tvU3OZNs1jg6e9PrVCyjaODRpfQ5j4EbP5urtDR8JtrDMVLCjOIUuR-XZ_Ve5FOnogI3K7azPtyOh9Ik7a0RfwJx_iKioL1bI40wtSe2Q/s320/CLAY+7.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CLAY SINGER FLINTKNAPPINGWITH FRED BUDDINGER<br />
C.S.UN. KNAP IN 1984 (RAY HARWOOD PHOTO)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5rhAPf-2H-BOdv4sKrMXHzMPBN1mWQgpiGPi7nmATBleBklrSvrJTkyLLCovFeuITdnwXk_St5NDjRQA4VpLbV5plJhNQoi6Pqza_0NmpbCr-DrFoxJVXM59P1Njt7-Rg058fyIbn9HQ/s1600/CLAY+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5rhAPf-2H-BOdv4sKrMXHzMPBN1mWQgpiGPi7nmATBleBklrSvrJTkyLLCovFeuITdnwXk_St5NDjRQA4VpLbV5plJhNQoi6Pqza_0NmpbCr-DrFoxJVXM59P1Njt7-Rg058fyIbn9HQ/s400/CLAY+9.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisTj3Owbka4WzzjbeN5u76_I5Vhv1_7yAXfMuJzgTY6jaLnFkD9VBMpBkRyMNzAsvvj28V36AOeLty75S3qVccDt75m9O8fJuaESr6-XS_dMiZ-umGxEjWD9GS1G38ErN-ga_akUUdZ44/s1600/CLAY+10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisTj3Owbka4WzzjbeN5u76_I5Vhv1_7yAXfMuJzgTY6jaLnFkD9VBMpBkRyMNzAsvvj28V36AOeLty75S3qVccDt75m9O8fJuaESr6-XS_dMiZ-umGxEjWD9GS1G38ErN-ga_akUUdZ44/s400/CLAY+10.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CLAY SINGER, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGIST</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5YDgxi5OxSZPHpf5-LAfbR3U-ew6U1HRenfSZS_xapeul9uqGNvVducOUTz3A3pOCrPZl4NOHGa8o2-ITGClTZQNkVzrgZaL9_YUMdE-GrjEhEQsCR7Wszf2gwexOMTeI3Dyd-d5l9-0/s1600/CLAY+15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5YDgxi5OxSZPHpf5-LAfbR3U-ew6U1HRenfSZS_xapeul9uqGNvVducOUTz3A3pOCrPZl4NOHGa8o2-ITGClTZQNkVzrgZaL9_YUMdE-GrjEhEQsCR7Wszf2gwexOMTeI3Dyd-d5l9-0/s640/CLAY+15.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CLAY SINGER, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGIST</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi24cgGF6a1LqhOh_LAouMIFwB__8ZNysKzzYcUHRokOoRNGv8Q4EAFZ1ncVNaRgOwRfxGyvdIPwkjkvMVPOI4KZrcKuYt8rYeY2Lj9DS6GYJEfgcuZXZjfOX07-tJ6P3kxdq6x4EUHfE/s1600/CLAY+16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="433" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi24cgGF6a1LqhOh_LAouMIFwB__8ZNysKzzYcUHRokOoRNGv8Q4EAFZ1ncVNaRgOwRfxGyvdIPwkjkvMVPOI4KZrcKuYt8rYeY2Lj9DS6GYJEfgcuZXZjfOX07-tJ6P3kxdq6x4EUHfE/s640/CLAY+16.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">N.A.R.C. NORTHRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTER.WHERE CLAY WAS MY PRFESSOR 1982<br />
CLAY SINGER, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGIST</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""> </span></div>
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text=""></span></div>
<span class="comment-body" data-li-comment-text="">
</span></div>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF2j2wtGV62CcPLTf1wVzB8GKCYtXD_2cDU-z-yVmwz0Lt2PlrvbX080xyS27X3URlFxZH7tUe9MfMfqaq47I4w4uXq1GdKTjlMJfH_YxsNpA4hRqtAivQ828vuBeTUWBFWU2DuK6Pduo/s1600/ray+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF2j2wtGV62CcPLTf1wVzB8GKCYtXD_2cDU-z-yVmwz0Lt2PlrvbX080xyS27X3URlFxZH7tUe9MfMfqaq47I4w4uXq1GdKTjlMJfH_YxsNpA4hRqtAivQ828vuBeTUWBFWU2DuK6Pduo/s320/ray+1.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NARC 1983</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3aeIQ_5xu9If2_bkSI12hN4EEyZ8fg1yDTcH069MgIV9GxFEMz7pmwrSr0A4cdFYaVGiIl2-1PQQiFQ5HTwZO_S-iM4cTfJm6XTG8TDP-uXz2CZOybloDFIokyikzAp2g8URTskcHjfs/s1600/joe6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3aeIQ_5xu9If2_bkSI12hN4EEyZ8fg1yDTcH069MgIV9GxFEMz7pmwrSr0A4cdFYaVGiIl2-1PQQiFQ5HTwZO_S-iM4cTfJm6XTG8TDP-uXz2CZOybloDFIokyikzAp2g8URTskcHjfs/s320/joe6.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NARC 1983</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD4xHXOzuSc9kFZkC8pwbwP3i11hzd69tjPyoEcGLXu5K_VjFFxsrCkcjSHmGqesUfezI6hu7J7F8MKhl8j9KkRpP2jZ-02_ixL-0BRK5YSbNTivjJqAqO-ptI3VP1FWfmOngvh0zaDqE/s1600/61965_33681.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD4xHXOzuSc9kFZkC8pwbwP3i11hzd69tjPyoEcGLXu5K_VjFFxsrCkcjSHmGqesUfezI6hu7J7F8MKhl8j9KkRpP2jZ-02_ixL-0BRK5YSbNTivjJqAqO-ptI3VP1FWfmOngvh0zaDqE/s320/61965_33681.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NARC 1983</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUVb5bMCM75ayfXqTzWNrLtcaryiFmKmpvmz7kOrWgARegAsWj-uZMSs7hzQwBfFY5rF5zh_GuZeBwerTjAusahrlupra1RNCjY1t7URckpu_WCoJcIMVuaZTfNwMLnIEiG00I4espr4U/s1600/joe+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUVb5bMCM75ayfXqTzWNrLtcaryiFmKmpvmz7kOrWgARegAsWj-uZMSs7hzQwBfFY5rF5zh_GuZeBwerTjAusahrlupra1RNCjY1t7URckpu_WCoJcIMVuaZTfNwMLnIEiG00I4espr4U/s320/joe+4.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NARC 1983</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw0AaEH_F4OwDlEbLwdhH6VdIT6eVqfWX2RsEb7V23ROTi2zySjGJQv1v-lN9-XpyNnm0RbnvzRxRv8s2K8Y7e8-keSI35IOFNIc4ZkPba-YOePTdvtl_lE7jp-E7z22EqdhyphenhyphentQBiEs1E/s1600/joe2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw0AaEH_F4OwDlEbLwdhH6VdIT6eVqfWX2RsEb7V23ROTi2zySjGJQv1v-lN9-XpyNnm0RbnvzRxRv8s2K8Y7e8-keSI35IOFNIc4ZkPba-YOePTdvtl_lE7jp-E7z22EqdhyphenhyphentQBiEs1E/s320/joe2.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NARC 1983</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkGEpJg34EvMBKDDBJzINaWaakKzRUulR5ixypXg7gYDbZWGtQYM1CDXqkuHw_mEd3PKVlqwvXzWVBkMxe4KrJe9aosy_xofeDBeOx_X5hvIE51vNiYOA76xSxu-TKAqqkjvqqp-KSgBA/s1600/NARC2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkGEpJg34EvMBKDDBJzINaWaakKzRUulR5ixypXg7gYDbZWGtQYM1CDXqkuHw_mEd3PKVlqwvXzWVBkMxe4KrJe9aosy_xofeDBeOx_X5hvIE51vNiYOA76xSxu-TKAqqkjvqqp-KSgBA/s320/NARC2.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NARC</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIOC3CCtADNrWa8ZU2s8IoU49NCLRFovq0GfJBO4p1B-0KNGXC2P6nXfFoH7dgq1jYdm0qYoT7-P28FowXIfcyCtBWtXXAr5zig4wnvu81hudn9f1ZT6DaNM-4xfIv3W31cE7CAinoBwI/s1600/NARC+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIOC3CCtADNrWa8ZU2s8IoU49NCLRFovq0GfJBO4p1B-0KNGXC2P6nXfFoH7dgq1jYdm0qYoT7-P28FowXIfcyCtBWtXXAr5zig4wnvu81hudn9f1ZT6DaNM-4xfIv3W31cE7CAinoBwI/s320/NARC+4.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">RAY AND WANYE</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5owfSHNTbtc41cCXMz3fFuGd0M4Qj7bZ7Hm29H28CtUNPcqlsAe-rvAReP3nAqFG6M1XcC5veCjkAsjX3e6v0sPKS759j2yX_VfVGhgHs-EPtoRh9kyA15br4ij3Ye_nBYdLwtmgVJXM/s1600/NARC+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5owfSHNTbtc41cCXMz3fFuGd0M4Qj7bZ7Hm29H28CtUNPcqlsAe-rvAReP3nAqFG6M1XcC5veCjkAsjX3e6v0sPKS759j2yX_VfVGhgHs-EPtoRh9kyA15br4ij3Ye_nBYdLwtmgVJXM/s320/NARC+1.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">RICK WESSEL AT NARC</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8PeqlRg60RzUaCYs1JvQNIrIzQrpyXETdz7juQynQYoTPELRYS1c4-Bchdet8ngbqyhmlF-cODKFBC9FDdlUnkok6tRU6izoPDuxltFk1czSo57uITFexIe0bin3cmXRJqMVxTUcWHAY/s1600/NARC+5.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8PeqlRg60RzUaCYs1JvQNIrIzQrpyXETdz7juQynQYoTPELRYS1c4-Bchdet8ngbqyhmlF-cODKFBC9FDdlUnkok6tRU6izoPDuxltFk1czSo57uITFexIe0bin3cmXRJqMVxTUcWHAY/s320/NARC+5.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHLIQWcdZZb5pLD8ii4YxFxvp40KD74VGE3RwvLr8GxhyNZe-DNged8s0lWsEX5R2c7aHqVugDgV3xg8ZHl0boVsIiFUiJQI7A1SJGqM_GBnJG3d3YFzvm6rX3HzIP1hc8CAxDWdY7VYM/s1600/NARC3.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHLIQWcdZZb5pLD8ii4YxFxvp40KD74VGE3RwvLr8GxhyNZe-DNged8s0lWsEX5R2c7aHqVugDgV3xg8ZHl0boVsIiFUiJQI7A1SJGqM_GBnJG3d3YFzvm6rX3HzIP1hc8CAxDWdY7VYM/s320/NARC3.jpg" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje0gRFpMjpNeN-6mJtiBaGiS5CAdAR5r3Grheq0jUa7-aPMb0S8W6zUqrIojW7oNJ_GIqldHp8Da2K9Da_cb8VueNqdgURDCoLEF0Hqd6svUaYjDs9OOLX8lvbnCtW1EXTEz3HMr-6pTU/s1600/RAY_HARWOOD_AT_NORTHRIDGE_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_RESEARCH_CENTER_(NARC)_1982.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje0gRFpMjpNeN-6mJtiBaGiS5CAdAR5r3Grheq0jUa7-aPMb0S8W6zUqrIojW7oNJ_GIqldHp8Da2K9Da_cb8VueNqdgURDCoLEF0Hqd6svUaYjDs9OOLX8lvbnCtW1EXTEz3HMr-6pTU/s640/RAY_HARWOOD_AT_NORTHRIDGE_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_RESEARCH_CENTER_(NARC)_1982.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcqSIEteMJBZadcEtDZpDPJHrwIglrIr8wlVn9KsDWTKvvvo8ZD5kQ8Yd0Jsg6f2_xZXgCpo0jBY-Rx-KOQ0giOb-rKqYEVJI_mEkRoePJLoXQyV4cpUjD6-k8iNfBk14KNFV4aN9po8/s1600/JEANNE+BINNING+1983.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcqSIEteMJBZadcEtDZpDPJHrwIglrIr8wlVn9KsDWTKvvvo8ZD5kQ8Yd0Jsg6f2_xZXgCpo0jBY-Rx-KOQ0giOb-rKqYEVJI_mEkRoePJLoXQyV4cpUjD6-k8iNfBk14KNFV4aN9po8/s320/JEANNE+BINNING+1983.jpg" width="292" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiylIx1ES74kK21MLvp1KI8tHXXE5AuVMRxz9OiHt-I-lZjOmYfvyh2FFWwQo_psQkVQX6qq_OXhLc_LpLD_lxIBCcGkidPwkqz4ogiftk4YfPMlmd3l1lUDDMVnXdMl7Qu22FV4MJbms4/s1600/ray_and_Jeannie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiylIx1ES74kK21MLvp1KI8tHXXE5AuVMRxz9OiHt-I-lZjOmYfvyh2FFWwQo_psQkVQX6qq_OXhLc_LpLD_lxIBCcGkidPwkqz4ogiftk4YfPMlmd3l1lUDDMVnXdMl7Qu22FV4MJbms4/s320/ray_and_Jeannie.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihdkErEFT4xa8t_0SvEdd870WUZ6SZ1Exg1zPoVvTMn6be0QjJRd05F1K2jqavtL2Hvb2HG-4rUkdmcKIkLPyJcVk3f4M3ZKP5bTLALllIWoYBZiXvlyNOhAazmRJpOeyDhhzQfyMKoxg/s1600/RAY+14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihdkErEFT4xa8t_0SvEdd870WUZ6SZ1Exg1zPoVvTMn6be0QjJRd05F1K2jqavtL2Hvb2HG-4rUkdmcKIkLPyJcVk3f4M3ZKP5bTLALllIWoYBZiXvlyNOhAazmRJpOeyDhhzQfyMKoxg/s320/RAY+14.jpg" width="318" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQDXu34Bc-OkCe6crFj6IpnVLXTnRZe7u4w4DDuD-Hc0IH6n3FuIoEoXKBQLrhz-BnP_Gm6r6fuXJTKvjgHoBaESWjf4ZLZMg2GjH_2TGhgkjGS3jXUjzNWHWqfaLkeeF4VVmxIT-fEsU/s1600/a2+320404_153336224757867_1339154285_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQDXu34Bc-OkCe6crFj6IpnVLXTnRZe7u4w4DDuD-Hc0IH6n3FuIoEoXKBQLrhz-BnP_Gm6r6fuXJTKvjgHoBaESWjf4ZLZMg2GjH_2TGhgkjGS3jXUjzNWHWqfaLkeeF4VVmxIT-fEsU/s320/a2+320404_153336224757867_1339154285_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6zMXp2NubA0jRPB6_OZiPWV5BtUFXrSUIwL3c4CH1LBOWx05YWGRgLmL9ROG-8TG-awr37PrpvL2hpRMIM2-3aJ0j9MIO_s8drWSbOBBlOIhIvFyNWCEH3N9REhQqB5P0j54hvZ7tb-M/s1600/b+narc+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6zMXp2NubA0jRPB6_OZiPWV5BtUFXrSUIwL3c4CH1LBOWx05YWGRgLmL9ROG-8TG-awr37PrpvL2hpRMIM2-3aJ0j9MIO_s8drWSbOBBlOIhIvFyNWCEH3N9REhQqB5P0j54hvZ7tb-M/s400/b+narc+1.jpg" width="328" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifWEjHWp-1ZHEa4EjGea9UIpMvN_UuGbUYWkO9iMq1mQqusYeAIzc4NC6qEHfZzRMF69g63GUd4ipb4yg8X3pnclHco_11koWgViJ_ZsqbyCNEnBs2BX1HZddkYK64tF0c56mK76wtuxc/s1600/b+narc+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifWEjHWp-1ZHEa4EjGea9UIpMvN_UuGbUYWkO9iMq1mQqusYeAIzc4NC6qEHfZzRMF69g63GUd4ipb4yg8X3pnclHco_11koWgViJ_ZsqbyCNEnBs2BX1HZddkYK64tF0c56mK76wtuxc/s320/b+narc+2.jpg" width="263" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVuRf-cOTtzTX_YJ4PQvmy3TbdZH8QaJaWK4M70SvgKSKNyTqk0wnZv-GT-2nQf5SaFaiqnhuVfFI14TA8H8lCi7wTNI8qKQu-38AWnF62Q2M575cCqhanPWmiY0WXgNCU-8r7kmBFF4c/s1600/b+narc+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVuRf-cOTtzTX_YJ4PQvmy3TbdZH8QaJaWK4M70SvgKSKNyTqk0wnZv-GT-2nQf5SaFaiqnhuVfFI14TA8H8lCi7wTNI8qKQu-38AWnF62Q2M575cCqhanPWmiY0WXgNCU-8r7kmBFF4c/s320/b+narc+3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsM2bZPA8A76CjsN5sZBGrrEMV61ujTdX6_ZuDNFHGUYMU_S_d37XeQB-tTwq5P_UQuEtnevQwRjI3hBQKh2mTCEqnyN8rGUKToz6KFBpwT8ELtPLQL-hepHJddUpvBzREy0ly97J2oz4/s1600/B+NARC+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsM2bZPA8A76CjsN5sZBGrrEMV61ujTdX6_ZuDNFHGUYMU_S_d37XeQB-tTwq5P_UQuEtnevQwRjI3hBQKh2mTCEqnyN8rGUKToz6KFBpwT8ELtPLQL-hepHJddUpvBzREy0ly97J2oz4/s320/B+NARC+4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX0O3Dd8u0p9VhlfHxtZSdCGR63hmrUayKhcXei1oqOvlP8eKzvvmjIijxMSejQNPwzp-gUhPJqabGqWvQBjshUGoU6AR7P7JAHqdPJvD1iVTDyFm6YZ1Xsp6w2JWKiHjXQgwGftlY0Sc/s1600/B+NARC+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX0O3Dd8u0p9VhlfHxtZSdCGR63hmrUayKhcXei1oqOvlP8eKzvvmjIijxMSejQNPwzp-gUhPJqabGqWvQBjshUGoU6AR7P7JAHqdPJvD1iVTDyFm6YZ1Xsp6w2JWKiHjXQgwGftlY0Sc/s400/B+NARC+6.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8f9O-sbBviP2l9X6VS4OLbhM19o2lS-ShFk220y7ilfPICqBbuiDN-xS6ryHI1MMAekwe-lcalteobPdMeAhoOztcWqlZUF6TS6WYTtdjnFw9BRwWV9h2hr2v7WjX4ZWWsHFHDJxENNQ/s1600/B+NARC+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8f9O-sbBviP2l9X6VS4OLbhM19o2lS-ShFk220y7ilfPICqBbuiDN-xS6ryHI1MMAekwe-lcalteobPdMeAhoOztcWqlZUF6TS6WYTtdjnFw9BRwWV9h2hr2v7WjX4ZWWsHFHDJxENNQ/s400/B+NARC+7.jpg" width="303" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEm3ku77C2dioWCOnYmi3FFNqzoRvPEaqPexbfDOWOjAtVfwfH9aA8P-zYnZkAJpLANbc_sGa9b5F9CJQdAMg_dDUH6ZTO1TZB0YTTGUUPc0tDRKUAbywGhsBtc3sG6dGjOSZlzQBUPVQ/s1600/B+NARC+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEm3ku77C2dioWCOnYmi3FFNqzoRvPEaqPexbfDOWOjAtVfwfH9aA8P-zYnZkAJpLANbc_sGa9b5F9CJQdAMg_dDUH6ZTO1TZB0YTTGUUPc0tDRKUAbywGhsBtc3sG6dGjOSZlzQBUPVQ/s400/B+NARC+8.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir7yKF1YANtiUhIzbX5lc9vbbti9OqgnbSyZydpmGl-EOFXVMoUFPmOwtKNMNpkbK1gXYDFBZb87YsiON8yMj8wCnqQXbAvSipJViAtvsn0BdH1_5uiCrTzXkAhJU3LhyGb5UMTWV98Q0/s1600/C+NARC+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir7yKF1YANtiUhIzbX5lc9vbbti9OqgnbSyZydpmGl-EOFXVMoUFPmOwtKNMNpkbK1gXYDFBZb87YsiON8yMj8wCnqQXbAvSipJViAtvsn0BdH1_5uiCrTzXkAhJU3LhyGb5UMTWV98Q0/s320/C+NARC+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKqbpNq4Ti24CsYtcFwYlGfT30fJWNxiQ4V5Ym-xGaxlfB4yc3K43aDEq44aNaOKP1WWMKdp_-JOt6i3sENdMgzWbqoO9WFZY5yBlu5ZjyR9CydIluMVMIQ9hOzeo7PfGs_iA38rnajhE/s1600/C+NARC+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKqbpNq4Ti24CsYtcFwYlGfT30fJWNxiQ4V5Ym-xGaxlfB4yc3K43aDEq44aNaOKP1WWMKdp_-JOt6i3sENdMgzWbqoO9WFZY5yBlu5ZjyR9CydIluMVMIQ9hOzeo7PfGs_iA38rnajhE/s320/C+NARC+3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVMXE8SM1lb6srumVTXDCkV5k1GOscKmUXKNRKBVvsPUilEhO0JbtSk0DCU7ZfLeWVNF30KYkVnRh7ZcF9qwwXDhezs5_m_1UERdih08xQDpFqnFGLZH6cqXE0kzJ1n9s-NOnvRreIn64/s1600/C+NARC+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVMXE8SM1lb6srumVTXDCkV5k1GOscKmUXKNRKBVvsPUilEhO0JbtSk0DCU7ZfLeWVNF30KYkVnRh7ZcF9qwwXDhezs5_m_1UERdih08xQDpFqnFGLZH6cqXE0kzJ1n9s-NOnvRreIn64/s320/C+NARC+4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdnUe9RRrHtlSYUQ32HzAa2XJr0gLnFz_nJut0krjAnbZ7dxJ8uvhN7ScZ-6XcfU6U7hd2QEhm_zn9vj47CnuitG9iVQ3v-Mnb4FjMr8jYGqxFrVqrEKc6X5VB2CGb_HMpCz7op2_0SaA/s1600/C+NARC+32.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdnUe9RRrHtlSYUQ32HzAa2XJr0gLnFz_nJut0krjAnbZ7dxJ8uvhN7ScZ-6XcfU6U7hd2QEhm_zn9vj47CnuitG9iVQ3v-Mnb4FjMr8jYGqxFrVqrEKc6X5VB2CGb_HMpCz7op2_0SaA/s320/C+NARC+32.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhApdqwvatHOkmbhlb3W6RiweCyA_mfKDIt9VE-nPQ-rkGLTFBBIZnJms2BA2mP4b0s0f0SHRWS-_zT4Hiajha-C13w4LL96Q1Sq4SJjFlESYzFE0XX3BnhVOzfeHr36zZHM4FtOFm20hU/s1600/C+NARC+31.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhApdqwvatHOkmbhlb3W6RiweCyA_mfKDIt9VE-nPQ-rkGLTFBBIZnJms2BA2mP4b0s0f0SHRWS-_zT4Hiajha-C13w4LL96Q1Sq4SJjFlESYzFE0XX3BnhVOzfeHr36zZHM4FtOFm20hU/s320/C+NARC+31.jpg" width="228" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH0PqCIY3iMh81UVgJCvR2WXDkDVWYZKqpMmblA6Jv4ZKvFBekX28yUA1JvwNbBZzg3_Vg4n0mpM82bWcw3-UIGZINWuj0VnA2TUHFO_Qd0rmQp-I6P6SJcYTjKjHXCXThnRy1v4UuP80/s1600/ray+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH0PqCIY3iMh81UVgJCvR2WXDkDVWYZKqpMmblA6Jv4ZKvFBekX28yUA1JvwNbBZzg3_Vg4n0mpM82bWcw3-UIGZINWuj0VnA2TUHFO_Qd0rmQp-I6P6SJcYTjKjHXCXThnRy1v4UuP80/s320/ray+3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbeIwHdgbHLOltbNE7QB204DeTbMkK5djssYZfgINiFH66L38mNeUf20nF9Poe7fCS14I_Pn4Az05W5o-_IuPT13A0TVy7uevhMABb4Ly_kuXX5NWkjzbJvRpCa5SWguNmKvBJDKplI1o/s1600/C+NARC+30.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbeIwHdgbHLOltbNE7QB204DeTbMkK5djssYZfgINiFH66L38mNeUf20nF9Poe7fCS14I_Pn4Az05W5o-_IuPT13A0TVy7uevhMABb4Ly_kuXX5NWkjzbJvRpCa5SWguNmKvBJDKplI1o/s320/C+NARC+30.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCXyONEWA5T_hIRmMM3dSd3TYsiqPFj9ovzK0ozaiuhlhyphenhyphenVJmWPA1I6FNHDIZzFvRPP9nXLTu-Uvso40-_RV4-3fqQ0-EeSnypHeQsejIuAFcTOz-1PepHYDzIoM_U0v_tTAxfW5crcL4/s1600/C+NARC+27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCXyONEWA5T_hIRmMM3dSd3TYsiqPFj9ovzK0ozaiuhlhyphenhyphenVJmWPA1I6FNHDIZzFvRPP9nXLTu-Uvso40-_RV4-3fqQ0-EeSnypHeQsejIuAFcTOz-1PepHYDzIoM_U0v_tTAxfW5crcL4/s320/C+NARC+27.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvjD5OJ825l4P4VDw90kuPtsNIkyyZGzKqc-C2yIH8UJCl4u5DSjeN98d9k05ByMX4mepIwWydZ774BlMuiRrmSQP2tF1habndXnqKW-shvLU5Eaex1TfN8Mn1bu92NmsKIwXlqqZ-adU/s1600/C+NARC+24.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvjD5OJ825l4P4VDw90kuPtsNIkyyZGzKqc-C2yIH8UJCl4u5DSjeN98d9k05ByMX4mepIwWydZ774BlMuiRrmSQP2tF1habndXnqKW-shvLU5Eaex1TfN8Mn1bu92NmsKIwXlqqZ-adU/s320/C+NARC+24.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW0jbc-iqqcDLt9kAqPCcv9E3RdH2s1hgtCcRek-EdmJ_HqFp7K1Z3RcI_yFRcPG3nS4XBOhj6udCwnVm3Y5tWXXnG7fT5UEOCM3bQ_nF_fCJ_V_JpSrmuwT9of2oLVfS0IlljXLutVMA/s1600/C+NARC+35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW0jbc-iqqcDLt9kAqPCcv9E3RdH2s1hgtCcRek-EdmJ_HqFp7K1Z3RcI_yFRcPG3nS4XBOhj6udCwnVm3Y5tWXXnG7fT5UEOCM3bQ_nF_fCJ_V_JpSrmuwT9of2oLVfS0IlljXLutVMA/s320/C+NARC+35.jpg" width="272" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5CpkNi_LZZ3V4VSMz8ZFh8vFuV6I2x76ordS6ocmH2dV9Dl2V2C7b35VWutweNOpVMm8mfpE-WT3EC314AZJDhFwgnNyWf2nwMGhsqIVFqyq3RIfUGEapVPO-DZQ5WnE-qmIdOePDQ9g/s1600/C+NARC+22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5CpkNi_LZZ3V4VSMz8ZFh8vFuV6I2x76ordS6ocmH2dV9Dl2V2C7b35VWutweNOpVMm8mfpE-WT3EC314AZJDhFwgnNyWf2nwMGhsqIVFqyq3RIfUGEapVPO-DZQ5WnE-qmIdOePDQ9g/s320/C+NARC+22.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Qeo8lloAdoAbGLrHeJHZueZKr5grvEiwzwoDDF7KYcKp2R8bdzkFGT0e7Bj76jVYkFEnMPtSn3M7xVaXsRAip9oHw16AhbevMP_rASDpiSpPvJTvpP4qM6EOjHse-9xpB6Wf8DM_crw/s1600/C+NARC+21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Qeo8lloAdoAbGLrHeJHZueZKr5grvEiwzwoDDF7KYcKp2R8bdzkFGT0e7Bj76jVYkFEnMPtSn3M7xVaXsRAip9oHw16AhbevMP_rASDpiSpPvJTvpP4qM6EOjHse-9xpB6Wf8DM_crw/s320/C+NARC+21.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8SM8mGhTsN9k5EcgGGnKY9bUJCfXmnoygL291Y82KMgsL7M679EI6JyRt-clx20tGqhk1fyxjR50QV18nnNfs1TKggNfs67ZjLyWnIidV2E5u7_wJBC2ABSkTDTvcmFFDqp5dFT0h3EA/s1600/C+NARC+20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8SM8mGhTsN9k5EcgGGnKY9bUJCfXmnoygL291Y82KMgsL7M679EI6JyRt-clx20tGqhk1fyxjR50QV18nnNfs1TKggNfs67ZjLyWnIidV2E5u7_wJBC2ABSkTDTvcmFFDqp5dFT0h3EA/s320/C+NARC+20.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1aLIXkMbhaRRjJvDfnCkLSOg5R5_DrwsjD2CgVbjt1l3bax6M3YxwlwJKGrdaUswuzm5X0NnTVY1fAFTAPCoWVyaADhWuQPQuz2KkXvGN0tOTIyJ8xBAlQdpdYRbBtRdF0wNQrKJCFeM/s1600/C+NARC+19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1aLIXkMbhaRRjJvDfnCkLSOg5R5_DrwsjD2CgVbjt1l3bax6M3YxwlwJKGrdaUswuzm5X0NnTVY1fAFTAPCoWVyaADhWuQPQuz2KkXvGN0tOTIyJ8xBAlQdpdYRbBtRdF0wNQrKJCFeM/s320/C+NARC+19.jpg" width="190" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9MgwZXpb-oACUXo-lrHS-V-LqobI2fd1M0tJiEhyphenhyphenRetvnh1tVpMOw3zXaj4mLqD-jYJhWrxYVLsKQ2Wy75XCNEeEzyVE79DfFzPMHzoTyozLklVuY9sZeUARQmMMt_trPzGPLJrVPH9Q/s1600/C+NARC+18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9MgwZXpb-oACUXo-lrHS-V-LqobI2fd1M0tJiEhyphenhyphenRetvnh1tVpMOw3zXaj4mLqD-jYJhWrxYVLsKQ2Wy75XCNEeEzyVE79DfFzPMHzoTyozLklVuY9sZeUARQmMMt_trPzGPLJrVPH9Q/s320/C+NARC+18.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwuU-9nf3nputh_6V2D6QR0AzUf0SeWyyU2mWcYcrpC6jMwxLhEMy-dqE8_dlj1jW0UJNeuRpiYVX54ADzvfZVyUwLwWOf5yBw3T4hyjoQL5UdZKtGL6N2WivdL5o4iE16NOEnazSsMSk/s1600/C+NARC+17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwuU-9nf3nputh_6V2D6QR0AzUf0SeWyyU2mWcYcrpC6jMwxLhEMy-dqE8_dlj1jW0UJNeuRpiYVX54ADzvfZVyUwLwWOf5yBw3T4hyjoQL5UdZKtGL6N2WivdL5o4iE16NOEnazSsMSk/s320/C+NARC+17.jpg" width="219" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXm3OLcjzsAG2n4BeKn7uPZYh51mrQVrqtXnHWg44c6mmF43d2L9N0zGLcAr0du9Kw5EPTxYyJSdutekwhHUG2Yt0ouz_4xKzvFCnpcMkTLH9M7YvGdjOBhMU09Gkg1ho4_sImRfNUY60/s1600/C+NARC+15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXm3OLcjzsAG2n4BeKn7uPZYh51mrQVrqtXnHWg44c6mmF43d2L9N0zGLcAr0du9Kw5EPTxYyJSdutekwhHUG2Yt0ouz_4xKzvFCnpcMkTLH9M7YvGdjOBhMU09Gkg1ho4_sImRfNUY60/s320/C+NARC+15.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWnA1MOoxcpOwKd5AOlPz5HOlUIcxsQF2rMGno959t8wcPXolZ0Hd81P0A9s_ApTe9kgVa0nmxoHQE8TYoL5xG60F1y-Z3ClXF-e8zRlP8HOuvCzBHKnDHJ7kYVUx3AzHrQiEbYqDN62c/s1600/C+NARC+11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWnA1MOoxcpOwKd5AOlPz5HOlUIcxsQF2rMGno959t8wcPXolZ0Hd81P0A9s_ApTe9kgVa0nmxoHQE8TYoL5xG60F1y-Z3ClXF-e8zRlP8HOuvCzBHKnDHJ7kYVUx3AzHrQiEbYqDN62c/s320/C+NARC+11.jpg" width="237" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMFX_giCrsIW5LFNz73p2KZsr0zRuXM_g6TCsHFMAxxQouBEIqIIvfsBUoC3t30zjDAlv9h7QoywOcekzp4i1fPrOt4IrPZ1mjnqIzR8WHktEUd6dD1EgFNzBJdtboVF-qyN6eZ8bOczQ/s1600/C+NARC+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMFX_giCrsIW5LFNz73p2KZsr0zRuXM_g6TCsHFMAxxQouBEIqIIvfsBUoC3t30zjDAlv9h7QoywOcekzp4i1fPrOt4IrPZ1mjnqIzR8WHktEUd6dD1EgFNzBJdtboVF-qyN6eZ8bOczQ/s320/C+NARC+9.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9MnoWRa5SboBM9MmEHxpHRdNG6fukCBUkqaeXakDybNwv9kjIAOqKRSFkRj8Nnxle1cCmO_rQBCp95rE_NSIR9zQ5h58kNzEGWAypHql6zXRx_eA4yInEBUO0DG9RB1AMfnNAHIeZodY/s1600/C+NARC+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9MnoWRa5SboBM9MmEHxpHRdNG6fukCBUkqaeXakDybNwv9kjIAOqKRSFkRj8Nnxle1cCmO_rQBCp95rE_NSIR9zQ5h58kNzEGWAypHql6zXRx_eA4yInEBUO0DG9RB1AMfnNAHIeZodY/s320/C+NARC+5.jpg" width="305" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTAswGI1O1v36x3JJbtJAAxQvHAEapr1gE32hWRosrookZs2dY2z2vDOzNVNs_b59ExH_6px0JVAE2JvRxnM5ZzxjEDk7T8K3w5Ma3ht1U3LnjnORRHfV6i29b1kFAmWGPBGifnvrhlCQ/s1600/C+NARC+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTAswGI1O1v36x3JJbtJAAxQvHAEapr1gE32hWRosrookZs2dY2z2vDOzNVNs_b59ExH_6px0JVAE2JvRxnM5ZzxjEDk7T8K3w5Ma3ht1U3LnjnORRHfV6i29b1kFAmWGPBGifnvrhlCQ/s320/C+NARC+6.jpg" width="262" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVS__DNMe9n93tuaoZUbHY_7xSW-XOVS7g2LXrNToR9WavFwJnewR0O-gG_1C8IMwwDlxx2luqYolSbr1h6QlDFLC7kZ568Sn3Tj6puxQOgPBPZak4UrviMErDqjwnwvNys7Zdfq8I6LA/s1600/D+NARC+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVS__DNMe9n93tuaoZUbHY_7xSW-XOVS7g2LXrNToR9WavFwJnewR0O-gG_1C8IMwwDlxx2luqYolSbr1h6QlDFLC7kZ568Sn3Tj6puxQOgPBPZak4UrviMErDqjwnwvNys7Zdfq8I6LA/s320/D+NARC+3.jpg" width="150" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4WPkbbunujSFNqtouMA0AA_j9CXefvyvV2C16wP0MpzVnGP3-OCBzmFLrAcka0qlBn8z4FpQeXnjGM9GFxA5ZTCbkipnxJziqyckpMozUy-JNdRYsVRnFjzh7QemGkY0ZkdannaB8kmI/s1600/D+NARC+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4WPkbbunujSFNqtouMA0AA_j9CXefvyvV2C16wP0MpzVnGP3-OCBzmFLrAcka0qlBn8z4FpQeXnjGM9GFxA5ZTCbkipnxJziqyckpMozUy-JNdRYsVRnFjzh7QemGkY0ZkdannaB8kmI/s320/D+NARC+2.jpg" width="148" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUTj0awjGOTq4cBl9pcVmm1BzS-qeBnatx4CUZC1QrDlf_TTgoq8TQ9yc7Y_dv3YxFqY_utePLh61VEaH8jAb7zXjOWoR6a8x_rk2ZP0qoGjlFXfo8Sm9NusuEKM12AKtWLAdhWfGnYnQ/s1600/D+NARC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUTj0awjGOTq4cBl9pcVmm1BzS-qeBnatx4CUZC1QrDlf_TTgoq8TQ9yc7Y_dv3YxFqY_utePLh61VEaH8jAb7zXjOWoR6a8x_rk2ZP0qoGjlFXfo8Sm9NusuEKM12AKtWLAdhWfGnYnQ/s320/D+NARC.jpg" width="118" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Z1vSPF5le-ujpuS6B2csSQ5Mb6BzDHwfALL6ZRYfprWo9btbK1HZ6EfjGvzFK2ur0wD_MfSTvtcuqw2iw0FB7r7thqyB-kQL7S63MAv0lwvmb3_X7vQ1iebf4iCOHe55j8pfRTF2IR0/s1600/D+NARC+20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Z1vSPF5le-ujpuS6B2csSQ5Mb6BzDHwfALL6ZRYfprWo9btbK1HZ6EfjGvzFK2ur0wD_MfSTvtcuqw2iw0FB7r7thqyB-kQL7S63MAv0lwvmb3_X7vQ1iebf4iCOHe55j8pfRTF2IR0/s320/D+NARC+20.jpg" width="262" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT1EhtIW4xk-k8DbyerK2xVXin6ww_XUpVHbDYJwgXQIXWVZZi31YCP6wzgiQEkep938g06L4ZqZCFUBoP5SaGfrJ-6ROhM4nDevKoQZF4O5frnxO-ZF-NMy8LuSy4BGmeZGoK8zsF0ko/s1600/D+NARC+18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT1EhtIW4xk-k8DbyerK2xVXin6ww_XUpVHbDYJwgXQIXWVZZi31YCP6wzgiQEkep938g06L4ZqZCFUBoP5SaGfrJ-6ROhM4nDevKoQZF4O5frnxO-ZF-NMy8LuSy4BGmeZGoK8zsF0ko/s320/D+NARC+18.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg27CT6zABF0VsWFKoWhiLrFRPJPWUv7Jy5Dxi2AOcsb_cnJULDT-r0gS-wuodc-_C60xW-TVm2jPRHpK45B0d3LjmX2vZImdEDW-Hm2-NXe8r8_0RYrcUXGGORFv6uhV7h2Dxpvf9V5bE/s1600/D+NARC+16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg27CT6zABF0VsWFKoWhiLrFRPJPWUv7Jy5Dxi2AOcsb_cnJULDT-r0gS-wuodc-_C60xW-TVm2jPRHpK45B0d3LjmX2vZImdEDW-Hm2-NXe8r8_0RYrcUXGGORFv6uhV7h2Dxpvf9V5bE/s320/D+NARC+16.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiypUvhIb67tiQ_SmYwA4ST71_mpX6aX66HvA1vb2yDxRkLjJRacGEJhL_qPImxsP7f38g3uZ8BuJxryp6JR5ASimsHQ1rAM-EBDYKOpwufg7_XgpMrA4M7eBYh8zLnyzsTdYD4c-wScTU/s1600/D+NARC+15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiypUvhIb67tiQ_SmYwA4ST71_mpX6aX66HvA1vb2yDxRkLjJRacGEJhL_qPImxsP7f38g3uZ8BuJxryp6JR5ASimsHQ1rAM-EBDYKOpwufg7_XgpMrA4M7eBYh8zLnyzsTdYD4c-wScTU/s320/D+NARC+15.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIDP3QeMjtp0kzSGK3FCuMz9AdBl-uKTvBmwrj-VnAKhIj5qKUtmjbhwHKaTtmGsDv5Ae6BzWDi17c2Uu1Q-INE71zVspXWTiK3tdF40j08y8XVCLkJeNpsocL4hSTdbzhZ56P7O0v9Fg/s1600/D+NARC+14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIDP3QeMjtp0kzSGK3FCuMz9AdBl-uKTvBmwrj-VnAKhIj5qKUtmjbhwHKaTtmGsDv5Ae6BzWDi17c2Uu1Q-INE71zVspXWTiK3tdF40j08y8XVCLkJeNpsocL4hSTdbzhZ56P7O0v9Fg/s320/D+NARC+14.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtfm5ClEdsLueHLRbv1TnoMgdT04PnWFef_VStqq_-Rt4Y5twA0mZJJcTxbQhuZpJoPzknLgFy_wP2Db_NBjRrvAi1ekXuikoUf7xlMhaIFXEInipsQ_zQ9sVzZ_yMc_wvTWfP_Q-621Y/s1600/D+NARC+12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtfm5ClEdsLueHLRbv1TnoMgdT04PnWFef_VStqq_-Rt4Y5twA0mZJJcTxbQhuZpJoPzknLgFy_wP2Db_NBjRrvAi1ekXuikoUf7xlMhaIFXEInipsQ_zQ9sVzZ_yMc_wvTWfP_Q-621Y/s320/D+NARC+12.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLeYeU9I8cYwJEmLYluy-5Epuemde3kW8KwptXX3ibJeWR-f1KGKOXOhw8hnKdDCGZat85lECsSVVLeWeL5CbEPqMqsDgGCXfTT3RtbLM8cfPU26ZQfJTjgrohJzNlV1Rw1MqawNyE_9E/s1600/D+NARC+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLeYeU9I8cYwJEmLYluy-5Epuemde3kW8KwptXX3ibJeWR-f1KGKOXOhw8hnKdDCGZat85lECsSVVLeWeL5CbEPqMqsDgGCXfTT3RtbLM8cfPU26ZQfJTjgrohJzNlV1Rw1MqawNyE_9E/s320/D+NARC+8.jpg" width="295" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXo2pWZAvyeRgI3RLZTj1-UneEmapNaAOAwiGowD8zSMrOwd6iYLXBr6VNt0Twz58q8FeWBUuJPv5DALnE8b7XMKuKE-Q9WMJdUesDHc-d8jBMvvTgWxyg5i6KLWID8FfxvtIoY8R31rw/s1600/D+NARC+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXo2pWZAvyeRgI3RLZTj1-UneEmapNaAOAwiGowD8zSMrOwd6iYLXBr6VNt0Twz58q8FeWBUuJPv5DALnE8b7XMKuKE-Q9WMJdUesDHc-d8jBMvvTgWxyg5i6KLWID8FfxvtIoY8R31rw/s320/D+NARC+5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYk_myJd3W_fWteee8ao5CK5IWw9r4SndAbk6dAy5kJhfjAoaA6yob89RvmHQRwnI9ra9XxqHUJFQIBam2shpggDHfdq3PWpe4gMWeVc_S-oLxpl3ZtZOylyTJ6BKkriWr_pUZJTvmp5g/s1600/D+NARC+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYk_myJd3W_fWteee8ao5CK5IWw9r4SndAbk6dAy5kJhfjAoaA6yob89RvmHQRwnI9ra9XxqHUJFQIBam2shpggDHfdq3PWpe4gMWeVc_S-oLxpl3ZtZOylyTJ6BKkriWr_pUZJTvmp5g/s320/D+NARC+4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZOlNw6JLw70HGL_Lsay3_nId-H8tKaFilO3ETeJAcg_BlAaabPEV-O4UCSWbRJsduFdD4s05HQUJQH49WDUGDNkkv0SFDrd181AcCE6r-jAzGN3bv0VkE8VQXdm63n2l7B3Al8wX_ZFQ/s1600/C+NARC+36.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZOlNw6JLw70HGL_Lsay3_nId-H8tKaFilO3ETeJAcg_BlAaabPEV-O4UCSWbRJsduFdD4s05HQUJQH49WDUGDNkkv0SFDrd181AcCE6r-jAzGN3bv0VkE8VQXdm63n2l7B3Al8wX_ZFQ/s320/C+NARC+36.jpg" /></a>THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-77604772416550144142013-04-29T20:52:00.002-07:002013-04-29T20:52:56.237-07:00DON CRABTREE, HALL OF FAME FLINTKNAPPER<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl5drZ7OmtbqwHBClIYaRDC6JURs4NULc6LZac62nNQ6lLmLbvceO_qTHDFEd7DVr9HB2oVx5hxnXB7UtnqVtCwqM4y8t46-Z_lZEE1tmuHG74KXnbY4z4ysnHYdJkmV-q9BXhdLfnpqv6/s1600/CRABTREE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl5drZ7OmtbqwHBClIYaRDC6JURs4NULc6LZac62nNQ6lLmLbvceO_qTHDFEd7DVr9HB2oVx5hxnXB7UtnqVtCwqM4y8t46-Z_lZEE1tmuHG74KXnbY4z4ysnHYdJkmV-q9BXhdLfnpqv6/s640/CRABTREE.jpg" width="392" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Jeanne Day
Binning, Don Crabtree. Flintknappers <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
DON CRABTREE, HALL OF FAME FLINTKNAPPER<br />
<br />
Compiled by Ray Harwood<br />
(Western Lithics)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DON CRABTREE. Book by: Ray Harwood
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUyKhps38J9y-CA085wMGtgluUZvP1_NjGqX1KQgCBzUYS733-zGAnuf4gRo5S4KWxgwLoD8WeHTimYaObor0m4WfWh_aGgk3Sj5GaDYiGnlQ2L2_pM6xIyfytLGg-Fyzylav7YewiVOg_/s1600/DON+1000..ArchRep.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUyKhps38J9y-CA085wMGtgluUZvP1_NjGqX1KQgCBzUYS733-zGAnuf4gRo5S4KWxgwLoD8WeHTimYaObor0m4WfWh_aGgk3Sj5GaDYiGnlQ2L2_pM6xIyfytLGg-Fyzylav7YewiVOg_/s320/DON+1000..ArchRep.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXJlma8UPC8X2AtpmJIS6E_1ngsAmAJRer4gfEP29y6HmGpyq0TV9kc6hmLdR2BmrhGX_6rHuS324ZHTgo9rnu9q4DVLzl6eCCoKPyYhNAWhIxAJF7O0UBShC2WTU2Q1jlxvKrEXLzI3TP/s1600/CRABTREE+YOUNG+Lithic+Lab+1.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXJlma8UPC8X2AtpmJIS6E_1ngsAmAJRer4gfEP29y6HmGpyq0TV9kc6hmLdR2BmrhGX_6rHuS324ZHTgo9rnu9q4DVLzl6eCCoKPyYhNAWhIxAJF7O0UBShC2WTU2Q1jlxvKrEXLzI3TP/s320/CRABTREE+YOUNG+Lithic+Lab+1.jpg" /></a>
(3) "Replicas". Many of the modern replicas are obsidian pieces produced by Don Crabtree, a self-taught researcher who was one of the first to master stone tool production methods. About 250 objects.
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4t9-CGRrYUsr82v4tFFo4Vs5GCOLb08VkNWX5ToKB-tHFhEk94cS51THW7qFYC9vDl26IDO1Voige94cf0hKDp6Nk-SBJfBb1xWgMc38hz0ooQO-zBmltj2jQnST8IMA8oiMlQDUB6nek/s1600/IMG+crab2+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4t9-CGRrYUsr82v4tFFo4Vs5GCOLb08VkNWX5ToKB-tHFhEk94cS51THW7qFYC9vDl26IDO1Voige94cf0hKDp6Nk-SBJfBb1xWgMc38hz0ooQO-zBmltj2jQnST8IMA8oiMlQDUB6nek/s640/IMG+crab2+.jpg" width="510" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Jeanne Day
Binning, Don Crabtree <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Don, Donald Crabtree, Dean of American Flintknapping.
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJOcW0taepKhlb4DVtoN7qEcXRXAT9LD8slm1VyashxuoU_RQG2qSqE3k5-WYwl1A32b9lR18DxYsJxbuC1l2Q_c1BVbZUhCg7RSKLxpPSRkrMtRB2rC8yVCXsrE7OepdHvk74Iyx4BCTf/s1600/IMG+crab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJOcW0taepKhlb4DVtoN7qEcXRXAT9LD8slm1VyashxuoU_RQG2qSqE3k5-WYwl1A32b9lR18DxYsJxbuC1l2Q_c1BVbZUhCg7RSKLxpPSRkrMtRB2rC8yVCXsrE7OepdHvk74Iyx4BCTf/s640/IMG+crab.jpg" width="512" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Jeanne Day Binning, Don Crabtree</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Don, Donald Crabtree, Dean of American Flintknapping.
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwlc7TpRwSWuveTClt6g7w0g02BbPeHhjR8V_lGlPGOResjikbmf_2BFapxtHjZTDYbJE7pVjyM6mGbgpZu9oyBndp34UYqV0n5T9yrF_8bPBfHqNngKz9bmXh4Zrw4eyc18K9t9us4hQV/s1600/IMG+crab+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwlc7TpRwSWuveTClt6g7w0g02BbPeHhjR8V_lGlPGOResjikbmf_2BFapxtHjZTDYbJE7pVjyM6mGbgpZu9oyBndp34UYqV0n5T9yrF_8bPBfHqNngKz9bmXh4Zrw4eyc18K9t9us4hQV/s640/IMG+crab+4.jpg" width="576" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Don, Donald Crabtree, Dean of American Flintknapping.
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw-YCtSMeADeYJt8PSiz4FKkMZ14MWC3cDReUpBSnw6iY3b-KptQeAKUSBnlHzc5FiCm2SRH4wurSM_1q9iu2lwlR0gFAVz7ad5W9QfOTc3_KHSPm97ncAbC6Vc5UYZER9k2cYO2RwX0cI/s1600/IMG+crab+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw-YCtSMeADeYJt8PSiz4FKkMZ14MWC3cDReUpBSnw6iY3b-KptQeAKUSBnlHzc5FiCm2SRH4wurSM_1q9iu2lwlR0gFAVz7ad5W9QfOTc3_KHSPm97ncAbC6Vc5UYZER9k2cYO2RwX0cI/s640/IMG+crab+3.jpg" width="531" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Don, Donald Crabtree, Dean of American Flintknapping.
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicpbiqeBB-yltGtTBrbYqqi6J2NQvmWlcCJ5XDtA6zoQDoOHq6BYvTjxXiIJjKKhREbMy1SEgDSG0wvt8-XSc3_JTrsuf42O9loC2505Fo97kPTd1tAiQJcYx-gPXOYgp8RsyV_nnR7jFv/s1600/CRABTREE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicpbiqeBB-yltGtTBrbYqqi6J2NQvmWlcCJ5XDtA6zoQDoOHq6BYvTjxXiIJjKKhREbMy1SEgDSG0wvt8-XSc3_JTrsuf42O9loC2505Fo97kPTd1tAiQJcYx-gPXOYgp8RsyV_nnR7jFv/s640/CRABTREE.jpg" width="390" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYv1fnZZC9ZXNME-OFBQFj2aGnhGWzlL40Rv6SxLneKIEe0GRbpUPMCdyyfhK_UoXHaEb2_ha2eec6y0-97K5Urc8iEBRXeQiWYYKPJ6N0GthTw9yEYfHUkhyphenhyphen5HU2mFoZUPQtaPJm7lO0/s1600-h/The+Crab.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="640" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5123430094006768146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYv1fnZZC9ZXNME-OFBQFj2aGnhGWzlL40Rv6SxLneKIEe0GRbpUPMCdyyfhK_UoXHaEb2_ha2eec6y0-97K5Urc8iEBRXeQiWYYKPJ6N0GthTw9yEYfHUkhyphenhyphen5HU2mFoZUPQtaPJm7lO0/s640/The+Crab.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" width="420" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Crabtree, often referred to as "the Dean of American<br />
flintknapping". He was born June 8, 1912, in Heyburn, Idaho.<br />
According to Harvey L. Hughett of the University of Idaho: Don spent<br />
his early youth in Salmon, Idaho where he first became interested in<br />
Indians and their tools. His mother would have him run errands for<br />
the next-door neighbor and as a reward this woman would give Don an<br />
arrowhead which her husband had gathered. Young Don became fascinated<br />
with these tools and even at this early age began to wonder why and<br />
how they were made. There were, at this time, many Indians in Salmon.<br />
Thanks to Harvey Hughett, at the University of Idaho, whom is now<br />
curator of the Don Crabtree Lithic Collection, we now know much more<br />
about Don Crabtree's childhood. I spoke to Mr. Hughett a few in<br />
October of 1999 (Val Waldorf had no problem either) he gave me<br />
permission to quote his copyright article on Don Crabtree in Chips<br />
Vol. 11, No.3, 1999.: "Young Don became fascinated with these tools<br />
and even at this early age began to wonder why and how they were<br />
made. There were, at this time, many Indians in Salmon. Their custom<br />
was to sit flat on the sidewalk with their legs stretched in front of<br />
them. Don found it great fun to jump over their legs and to talk with<br />
them, for which he was severely reprimanded by his mother.<br />
When Don was six, his Family moved to Twin Falls. This was desert<br />
country and Don spent most of his time hunting for artifacts, Indian<br />
campsites and building his collection of Indian tools. The family's<br />
home was just a stone's through from the Snake River Canyon and Don<br />
spent every possible moment hunting in the canyon, collecting from<br />
campsites and caves and adding to his collection. He also collected<br />
obsidian flakes and began to try to reproduce the artifacts. This<br />
meant more trips to the canyon for knapping material. Soon, young<br />
Crabtree had gathered a fairly large collection of artifacts and his<br />
interest in experimenting with different stones and methods of<br />
manufacture to achieve replication increased. He tried many<br />
approaches to holding and applying force but with little success and<br />
much failure. After interviewing many local Indians, he was<br />
disappointed that he was unable to learn anything of how these<br />
fascinating artifacts were made. Flintknapping was essentially a lost<br />
art even at the time.<br />
Don was constantly in trouble with his father for being away from<br />
home so much, for the many cuts on his hands and the permanent<br />
bloodstains on his clothing. He received many reprimands for coming<br />
home after dark. Even this did not cure him of his quest for<br />
knowledge of the Native Americans and their tools. At one point, his<br />
father became so disgusted with Don spending so much time knapping he<br />
offered to pay him $100.00 if he would promise never to make another<br />
arrowhead. Don wanted a bicycle and a gun so badly that he considered<br />
this offer for some time. However, the love of Indian lore won and he<br />
told his father that he could not give up his attempts to make tools<br />
as the Indians had.<br />
In the late 1930's he was supervisor of the Vertebrate and<br />
Invertebrate Laboratory at the University of California at Berkley,<br />
this is also where Ishi's artifacts are curated. Also, Ted Orcutt<br />
still lived not far to the North. Crabtree also worked in the<br />
Anthropology lab with the well known Anthropologist Alfred Krueber,<br />
whom was Ishi's friend and caretaker at the museum a few short years<br />
before. According to Dr. Errett Callahan (1979), following a<br />
flintworking demonstration at a meeting of the American Association<br />
of Museums in Ohio, in 1941, Crabtree was employed at the Ohio State<br />
Lithic Laboratory with H. Holmes Ellis and Henry Shertrone. He was<br />
also advisor in Lithic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania and<br />
the Smithsonian Institution's museum.<br />
During world war II, Crabtree was coordinating Engineer with<br />
Bethlehem Steel in California. Between 1952 and 1962, he was County<br />
Supervisor with the U.S.D.A in Twin Falls, Idaho. In 1962 and 1975,<br />
Crabtree was research associate in lithic technology at the Idaho<br />
State Museum in Pocatello."<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSzdgtHQUSoiYY2AfyR49sRW3X0RMmlfi7mnOkfaS-KpEkebDDICdyJCnzLTHhaoMjzU-UhJWiJFg9j3gdGLHy6ebDvJ3SWtlJTRA5RVmZE-zbhLGCVl9xh_rB9cGLVO2PrxFsyB7bR4wR/s1600/don+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSzdgtHQUSoiYY2AfyR49sRW3X0RMmlfi7mnOkfaS-KpEkebDDICdyJCnzLTHhaoMjzU-UhJWiJFg9j3gdGLHy6ebDvJ3SWtlJTRA5RVmZE-zbhLGCVl9xh_rB9cGLVO2PrxFsyB7bR4wR/s640/don+6.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Not only was Crabtree a master flintknapper and an inspirational<br />
flintknapper , he was also an expert on the theoretical aspect of<br />
stone tool studies. Crabtree published papers on replicative<br />
flintworking and other aspects of lithic studies in such publications<br />
as:<br />
"American Antiquity" (1939,1968), "Current Anthropology"<br />
(1969), "Science" (1968,1970), "Curator" (1970), "Tebiwa" (1964,<br />
1966, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1973,1974), and "Lithic Technology" (1975).<br />
Crabtree's textbook, "An Introduction to Flintworking", was the main<br />
publication readily available from 1972 on. The Crabtree book,<br />
although 26 years old, is still a classic and is one of the most<br />
referenced books in lithic studies today. The book is easy to read<br />
and is full of excellent drawings and text. The book is available<br />
through the Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University,<br />
Pocatello, Idaho. They also have republished Crabtree's articles,<br />
papers, and videos, his articles are better than ours decades later.<br />
Crabtree was featured in many archaeological films in his day, many<br />
were shown around the world in class rooms from elementary school to<br />
doctoral classes. These films influence many up and coming<br />
flintknappers. The film "Blades and Pressure Flaking" (1969) won best<br />
anthropology film at the 1970 American Film Festival.<br />
In 1972, the Idaho Museum of Natural History received a grant from<br />
the National Science Foundation for the production of several 16mm<br />
films featuring the legendary flintknapper. Just a few years ago<br />
these films were dubbed onto VHS video tape and made available to the<br />
public through Idaho Museum Publications. Though faded somewhat, this<br />
footage still maintains its detail and shows Don Crabtree at his<br />
best. In the Shadow of Man , Don is shown quarrying obsidian at Glass<br />
Buttes in Oregon. The Flintworker discusses the basics of<br />
flintknapping, stone tools are made using simple percussion<br />
techniques, and the Hertzian cone theory is introduced. Ancient<br />
Projectile Points covers the making of bifacial points. The hunter's<br />
Edge covers prismatic blade making. The Alchemy of Time concerns heat<br />
treating, and the manufacture of Clovis, Folsom and Cumberland<br />
points. In 1978, Crabtree had open heart surgery with stone tools.<br />
The blades Crabtree made were so sharp that Crabtree's doctor agreed<br />
to use them on him after seeing how sharp they were. The first<br />
surgery one of Crabtrees's Ribs and a lung section were removed, an<br />
18 inch cut. Crabtree's stone tools were so sharp that there was<br />
hardly a scar.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs35mEk2aT5-TKEHFKmDWnGrLU86UQHXQfpOnYQyx68ABlH7V-86Sr6s289wNHMLSVBG0Hlgvfd4N-U8zmNdmWWA8mI5xxdERPG-Et3KobhfwwNxGaGL94avD7z8hyphenhyphen5wuuQpC53UCUdooi/s1600/DonECrabtree.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs35mEk2aT5-TKEHFKmDWnGrLU86UQHXQfpOnYQyx68ABlH7V-86Sr6s289wNHMLSVBG0Hlgvfd4N-U8zmNdmWWA8mI5xxdERPG-Et3KobhfwwNxGaGL94avD7z8hyphenhyphen5wuuQpC53UCUdooi/s400/DonECrabtree.gif" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Don, Donald Crabtree, Dean of American Flintknapping.
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSMfjMrsLbnG5fCDPZ5KtvisxpTRqi-2B5aTt3rkX5Mx8ByccqHfWUouRCUZP0GwhIUOgzPDkqjtaTxrbOwq0uoENcrrp6UvwBMf5hGAMmkF-C2dfolXCWGlw6saMGfwoBJ2xA3pwdtdR5/s1600/jcw_crabtree.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSMfjMrsLbnG5fCDPZ5KtvisxpTRqi-2B5aTt3rkX5Mx8ByccqHfWUouRCUZP0GwhIUOgzPDkqjtaTxrbOwq0uoENcrrp6UvwBMf5hGAMmkF-C2dfolXCWGlw6saMGfwoBJ2xA3pwdtdR5/s640/jcw_crabtree.jpg" width="408" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Don, Donald Crabtree, Dean of American Flintknapping.
Don Crabtree flintknapped all types of artifacts including fluted<br />
Folsom , parallel flaking, chevron flaking, notching, blade making<br />
and even Ted Orcutt style large obsidian biface points. His large<br />
points were very similar to Orcutts , some were so thin that they<br />
looked like dinner plates, his obsidian arrow points were very<br />
similar to those he helped to curate in Berkley made by Ishi.<br />
While working agate Crabtree noticed that his had a satiny texture<br />
and the Indian arrowheads out of the same material were like opal.<br />
After much experimentation he rediscovered heat treating of flint<br />
materials to improve knapping quality.<br />
In the later part of his life Crabtree traveled the world meeting and<br />
flintknapping with each nations leaders in lithic fields of endeavor<br />
and really opened the door for all of us. During this time<br />
flintknapping saw its heyday, "knap-ins", lithic conferences and<br />
publications. Sort of what what is happening now but with the<br />
academics.<br />
Don Crabtree, Dean of American flintknappers, died on November 16,<br />
1980 from complications of heart disease, within six months of<br />
Francois Bordes . When Bordes and Crabtree passed away the 1970's<br />
academic flintknapping heyday passed away with Them. THE PALEO<br />
KNAPPERS : The Late Don Crabtree, of southern Idaho, is considered to<br />
be the "Dean of American Flintknapping" not only for his fine<br />
publications, but also for the vast amount of important information<br />
he uncovered in a life devoted to the study of stone tools. Don was<br />
most probably the first flintknapper in thousands of years to flute a<br />
Folsom point, as early as 1941 Crabtree was employed at the Lithic<br />
Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania and the prestigious<br />
Smithsonian Institution. He had experimented with fluting in the<br />
1930s but became quite famous for his studies into the Lindenmier<br />
Folsom in 1966 . Don Crabtree passed away on November 16, 1980.<br />
Jeffery Flenniken and Gene Titmus, students of Crabtree carried on<br />
the studies and are still considered to be among the best<br />
flintknappers in the world. Don Crabtree was born on June 08, 1912 and died on November 01, 1980 at the age of 68. This person last resided in Kimberly, Idaho in Twin Falls County. Don Crabtree was assigned the social security number (SSN) of: 518-07-2993. Zip 83341. 3800 block E. Orchard Dr.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaC0OICQMMilJW6tsg6F9IQfw5yIzzhBr1ztsxPV-0vDP8llXelWfJv4O9u2-PDpQiRdXPb5P9iqm7v5HPVS3woHqBN0RQM9YCDsE725Am8TzyHCmim4oJaiZcXSI2vndHXpOLBKHgSfra/s1600/jcw_donc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaC0OICQMMilJW6tsg6F9IQfw5yIzzhBr1ztsxPV-0vDP8llXelWfJv4O9u2-PDpQiRdXPb5P9iqm7v5HPVS3woHqBN0RQM9YCDsE725Am8TzyHCmim4oJaiZcXSI2vndHXpOLBKHgSfra/s400/jcw_donc.jpg" width="325" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNg3D72hv_uaJn7Tj2gmiEeuNjMyl-ApnpEz5weITP4hFrk2oNzwRoczg-HiRCbUSq2BnNtZD-Sij62CwfYziW6dvPwS7twB-FtkmuIR1i8fd7MVwf0DP9heUSI68kjnTjTWiGlX9v5lNX/s1600/edge2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNg3D72hv_uaJn7Tj2gmiEeuNjMyl-ApnpEz5weITP4hFrk2oNzwRoczg-HiRCbUSq2BnNtZD-Sij62CwfYziW6dvPwS7twB-FtkmuIR1i8fd7MVwf0DP9heUSI68kjnTjTWiGlX9v5lNX/s640/edge2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Don, Donald Crabtree, Dean of American Flintknapping.
Crabtree's Notable Publications:<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1966) A Stoneworker's Approach to Analyzing and Replicating the Lindenmeier Folsom. <em>Tebiwa</em> 10(1):3-39.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1967) Notes on Experiments in Flintkanppnig: 3- the Flintknapper's Raw Material. <em>Tebiwa</em> 10(1):8-24.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1967) Notes on Experiments in Flintkanppnig: 4- Tools Used for Making Flaked Stone Artifacts. <em>Tebiwa</em> 10(1):60-73.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1968) Mesoamerican Polyhedral Cores and Prismatic Blades. <em>American Antiquity</em> 33(4):446-478.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1970) Flaking Stone with Wooden Implements. <em>Science</em> 169:146-153.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1972) <em>An Introduction to Flintworking</em>. Occasional Papers No. 28. Idaho State Museum, Pocatello.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1972) The Cone Fracture Principle and the Manufacture of Lithic Materials. <em>Tebiwa</em> 15(2):29-42.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1973) Experiments in Replicating Hohokam Points. <em>Tebiwa</em> 16(1):10-45.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1973) The Obtuse Angle as a Functional Edge. <em>Tebiwa</em> 16(1):46-53.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. (1974) Grinding and Smoothing of Stone Artifacts. <em>Tebiwa</em> 17(1):1-6.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. and B.R. Butler (1964) Notes on Experiments in Flintkanppnig: 1- Heat Treatment of Silica Materials. <em>Tebiwa</em> 7(1):1-6.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. and E.L. Davis (1968) Experimental Manufacture of Wooden Implements with Tools of Flaked Stone. <em>Science</em> 159:426-428.<br />
Crabtree, D.E. and E.H. Swanson (1968) Edge-Ground Cobbles and Blade-Making in the Northwest. <em>Tebiwa</em> 11(2):50-54.<br />
<br />
<br />
Don, Donald Crabtree, Dean of American Flintknapping.
The International Flintknappers ‘ Hall of Fame and Museum is encouraging individuals of all ages to “Be A Superior Example,” through a new education program as part of a new curriculum to promote healthy habits, while encouraging everyone to live free of drugs and other such substances or vices. It serves as the central point for the study of the history of flintknapping in the United States and beyond, displays flintknapping-related artifacts and exhibits, and honors those who have excelled in the craft, research/ writing, promoting events, and serving the knapping community in an ethical and wilderness loving manner. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZdYDA_W42jH366ie35lVDQ2D-tT_t9jG8BETP4wd4I-uyEJ_o91RHpdpxj7207ENj7bzzSi03dL0TXYYJtZbw_lpcNfYWftUqDI6Uyl8YGSVjJuxwMMIN8mvmWeN6ZKx9LW7cauvO_9AI/s1600/DON+COMIC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="540" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZdYDA_W42jH366ie35lVDQ2D-tT_t9jG8BETP4wd4I-uyEJ_o91RHpdpxj7207ENj7bzzSi03dL0TXYYJtZbw_lpcNfYWftUqDI6Uyl8YGSVjJuxwMMIN8mvmWeN6ZKx9LW7cauvO_9AI/s640/DON+COMIC.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSzdgtHQUSoiYY2AfyR49sRW3X0RMmlfi7mnOkfaS-KpEkebDDICdyJCnzLTHhaoMjzU-UhJWiJFg9j3gdGLHy6ebDvJ3SWtlJTRA5RVmZE-zbhLGCVl9xh_rB9cGLVO2PrxFsyB7bR4wR/s1600/don+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSzdgtHQUSoiYY2AfyR49sRW3X0RMmlfi7mnOkfaS-KpEkebDDICdyJCnzLTHhaoMjzU-UhJWiJFg9j3gdGLHy6ebDvJ3SWtlJTRA5RVmZE-zbhLGCVl9xh_rB9cGLVO2PrxFsyB7bR4wR/s320/don+6.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZtPUim-GCgrLpNJ2SWnQBCF_JicUxlz13_5S1KPo85TqB8HxPUQ2_HhioFPeW5rifeMluu6hPHN0yd49Se3rq9BaTmCzIDdWtLDeFX5J_bti7w0plaYUTiWLRl7cFgizQdXe1y-hO-SKG/s1600/CRAB+FE+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZtPUim-GCgrLpNJ2SWnQBCF_JicUxlz13_5S1KPo85TqB8HxPUQ2_HhioFPeW5rifeMluu6hPHN0yd49Se3rq9BaTmCzIDdWtLDeFX5J_bti7w0plaYUTiWLRl7cFgizQdXe1y-hO-SKG/s640/CRAB+FE+5.png" width="494" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-JUL7qMxNGgISQSbhyf8JZrulvC81767zBKeOOKsEnUIdkysB03dGEv932p0gKVgl-EiAHSrPpPnTK5JxzI5RwGXPXhgw177475hegSZO0W7TkgMF69gca-7Lk1W38gcQQCauFLwh5Kbl/s1600/crab+fe+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-JUL7qMxNGgISQSbhyf8JZrulvC81767zBKeOOKsEnUIdkysB03dGEv932p0gKVgl-EiAHSrPpPnTK5JxzI5RwGXPXhgw177475hegSZO0W7TkgMF69gca-7Lk1W38gcQQCauFLwh5Kbl/s640/crab+fe+1.png" width="494" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrtb-xlYUQxmag6tM-Vv7PZ63v-HMLR1fwzo7fDfZFTkLKIlY7ua-By8CI-VwcxMWNaMwL5INQvPYvjnMDGWaG-VxajoGvro-GRmMYGpEvVztrh828o-2w3ZkCtjBq-J2JWi296nnfcUei/s1600/CRAB+FE+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrtb-xlYUQxmag6tM-Vv7PZ63v-HMLR1fwzo7fDfZFTkLKIlY7ua-By8CI-VwcxMWNaMwL5INQvPYvjnMDGWaG-VxajoGvro-GRmMYGpEvVztrh828o-2w3ZkCtjBq-J2JWi296nnfcUei/s640/CRAB+FE+2.png" width="494" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2YHzrguJUxogFyXinIH-1nE8Zpozg_odonA2zMswpAV9aOgcLO309I45lOxaf8dD7UCPjQ_P2iUnVNJo6kidqRDgN3jkHzmeUAnT1VVwqB10IjwqdT3VV9mLq3q33_HvJN9EqoRG9M3ha/s1600/CRAB+FE+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2YHzrguJUxogFyXinIH-1nE8Zpozg_odonA2zMswpAV9aOgcLO309I45lOxaf8dD7UCPjQ_P2iUnVNJo6kidqRDgN3jkHzmeUAnT1VVwqB10IjwqdT3VV9mLq3q33_HvJN9EqoRG9M3ha/s640/CRAB+FE+3.png" width="494" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVnUkqC-8EhiHJoXzfVMUzHFUEGoq4UBs0TULmjOOD-Tf9mu0rQ1cPBiCezr1UYm2OL63lsYY6_6Ojz0MUz538X-2Ta7oPWiYkUAnt0_Fj9Goe3hoGiSVjyfOgf_rMMnj8O-YYoyzLsfdG/s1600/CRAB+FE+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVnUkqC-8EhiHJoXzfVMUzHFUEGoq4UBs0TULmjOOD-Tf9mu0rQ1cPBiCezr1UYm2OL63lsYY6_6Ojz0MUz538X-2Ta7oPWiYkUAnt0_Fj9Goe3hoGiSVjyfOgf_rMMnj8O-YYoyzLsfdG/s640/CRAB+FE+4.png" width="494" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZtPUim-GCgrLpNJ2SWnQBCF_JicUxlz13_5S1KPo85TqB8HxPUQ2_HhioFPeW5rifeMluu6hPHN0yd49Se3rq9BaTmCzIDdWtLDeFX5J_bti7w0plaYUTiWLRl7cFgizQdXe1y-hO-SKG/s1600/CRAB+FE+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-pc2vucVMdsn8IZU0HMeiG5_u0yC-MTayOBmbg6UrVSoSaAzf4g9dCT_pxNMGgoAnzF3ELW5Sf0QP_2aUJzEKww4aK2xLWdsoUVC8J3nGHsj6iWBiAlpgTm-1MAMKMzp_MFOQj_e_XCvs/s1600/DOOKIE+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-pc2vucVMdsn8IZU0HMeiG5_u0yC-MTayOBmbg6UrVSoSaAzf4g9dCT_pxNMGgoAnzF3ELW5Sf0QP_2aUJzEKww4aK2xLWdsoUVC8J3nGHsj6iWBiAlpgTm-1MAMKMzp_MFOQj_e_XCvs/s640/DOOKIE+1.png" width="494" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-JUL7qMxNGgISQSbhyf8JZrulvC81767zBKeOOKsEnUIdkysB03dGEv932p0gKVgl-EiAHSrPpPnTK5JxzI5RwGXPXhgw177475hegSZO0W7TkgMF69gca-7Lk1W38gcQQCauFLwh5Kbl/s1600/crab+fe+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrtb-xlYUQxmag6tM-Vv7PZ63v-HMLR1fwzo7fDfZFTkLKIlY7ua-By8CI-VwcxMWNaMwL5INQvPYvjnMDGWaG-VxajoGvro-GRmMYGpEvVztrh828o-2w3ZkCtjBq-J2JWi296nnfcUei/s1600/CRAB+FE+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTvv9ws1ximdJ9_xMGff8-jSWvNN8fdtuUIGmNGLnW21YsIvh9WHKEYPE1qg_zYK1udzFNKh9O2XTMU1WRTbgvlgdmnF4zHrhS2YiWo_YHlXZDsE3nDZBbdbT-ab-NQi9bQPK877Wlt7L6/s1600/DOOKIE+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTvv9ws1ximdJ9_xMGff8-jSWvNN8fdtuUIGmNGLnW21YsIvh9WHKEYPE1qg_zYK1udzFNKh9O2XTMU1WRTbgvlgdmnF4zHrhS2YiWo_YHlXZDsE3nDZBbdbT-ab-NQi9bQPK877Wlt7L6/s640/DOOKIE+2.png" width="494" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPLJwBXiiAtBpUm43lzTgnzU09f3XjdfGQW0_kDOV8WsYqaI1rx0Qi9NO5VgOmV9c_l8WsqBsMjw78K7G-1DDYLdSIxmKHYFjQIPe1v4ydyzyw28-ks8D4poVaEwOUdS6FobVrmenthBey/s1600/DOOKIE+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPLJwBXiiAtBpUm43lzTgnzU09f3XjdfGQW0_kDOV8WsYqaI1rx0Qi9NO5VgOmV9c_l8WsqBsMjw78K7G-1DDYLdSIxmKHYFjQIPe1v4ydyzyw28-ks8D4poVaEwOUdS6FobVrmenthBey/s640/DOOKIE+4.png" width="494" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx_qqnlbU0W7X3HPFsZKMv-Q2V65mxNZ7lMToOonQuKvn4Z8luz9TjOAEmy7NMiqsfFmmkOa0awQQ2W551BMAQOVyepAEV0TWtaC_uJUmAAagJhuz03blhA1Sxe6uMvRwgdoURSby5iCwb/s1600/DOOKIE+6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx_qqnlbU0W7X3HPFsZKMv-Q2V65mxNZ7lMToOonQuKvn4Z8luz9TjOAEmy7NMiqsfFmmkOa0awQQ2W551BMAQOVyepAEV0TWtaC_uJUmAAagJhuz03blhA1Sxe6uMvRwgdoURSby5iCwb/s640/DOOKIE+6.png" width="494" /></a></div>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAQPPYL00T0hCVHAPp0NHb2I-cpfihqYa3grpnxWsJ3AAJDpllCCarzvtvhP4TShBLJgOhFscgd8Ek95l4lie8_FIUXVBU8bxWIJ6kQ-6e4s_IZLnMuEFUng8Py3LOs1NeSDKccNqi_N4I/s1600/CRABTREE+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAQPPYL00T0hCVHAPp0NHb2I-cpfihqYa3grpnxWsJ3AAJDpllCCarzvtvhP4TShBLJgOhFscgd8Ek95l4lie8_FIUXVBU8bxWIJ6kQ-6e4s_IZLnMuEFUng8Py3LOs1NeSDKccNqi_N4I/s640/CRABTREE+1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjklHWU_cjXYzTUncYuU09_Q7j0ZWqc3UVngohWl8jqFzL4h-KVAPeYrrhbVc0Bpxhbj6uiDC1bdG9QpQJUoCU70RJRsO15l5TapKEM3cCldlS-HgMhqZs3X3WUSwgMcdvMgmBuXmZP8zI/s1600/CRABTREE+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjklHWU_cjXYzTUncYuU09_Q7j0ZWqc3UVngohWl8jqFzL4h-KVAPeYrrhbVc0Bpxhbj6uiDC1bdG9QpQJUoCU70RJRsO15l5TapKEM3cCldlS-HgMhqZs3X3WUSwgMcdvMgmBuXmZP8zI/s640/CRABTREE+5.png" width="634" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRFNEYBa0RYDELL46ccKaTVcaU5ww0p7sIEJCawlhrIn_Kw-aCnSixpIwUl9Vbr2H_uHALV0EahULdz2Hu0J8qXGIDpfmO104a76YQP7Enc53q4P3ySpShS7lof1jWS09QHDUDYl2Ab1Uz/s1600/CRABTREE+7.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRFNEYBa0RYDELL46ccKaTVcaU5ww0p7sIEJCawlhrIn_Kw-aCnSixpIwUl9Vbr2H_uHALV0EahULdz2Hu0J8qXGIDpfmO104a76YQP7Enc53q4P3ySpShS7lof1jWS09QHDUDYl2Ab1Uz/s640/CRABTREE+7.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5_QXCuvOJ20XQkPL_dhc1MByg5GbwuKp8pqdTCqJy6uHE8Z4PCLshoglVR9LdFLMQ5FrjCqNO-9O043nNlJBIxgjoUTBxat9kT87EgW7kFFMd7CNHEXYo9yHos_mJFT2dgcNHDhCQAlJN/s1600/CRABTREE+9.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5_QXCuvOJ20XQkPL_dhc1MByg5GbwuKp8pqdTCqJy6uHE8Z4PCLshoglVR9LdFLMQ5FrjCqNO-9O043nNlJBIxgjoUTBxat9kT87EgW7kFFMd7CNHEXYo9yHos_mJFT2dgcNHDhCQAlJN/s640/CRABTREE+9.png" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Add caption</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqPB4jVvEOvPl3k6SM53cJEdA-iuJJN5uOzzJMQQ0n0yjfs4T-t9lQcvkSc9R6yAU093HcHwKkjGVw6ws9jRBtkGgC1VSa5UZJ4KBjycKYMUzTVPsJ-qKCtsEbJHCmPZ5Z7kmZwCunXV_c/s1600/CRABTREE+11.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqPB4jVvEOvPl3k6SM53cJEdA-iuJJN5uOzzJMQQ0n0yjfs4T-t9lQcvkSc9R6yAU093HcHwKkjGVw6ws9jRBtkGgC1VSa5UZJ4KBjycKYMUzTVPsJ-qKCtsEbJHCmPZ5Z7kmZwCunXV_c/s640/CRABTREE+11.png" width="582" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLQsWBjxtV-MAP2vP2Sm8tpUCvrL-nSP8jHqS3NZkvXuHuRDGyo2CG-3JVZaEzVjyWx9FDvjUQI_VETeE_KH8QJ7gVax3_D0EOtDQfXWCfTPSfHwi1-5g7cB2rPOhzLPHQN30YMOc25Y7e/s1600/CRABTREE+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="638" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLQsWBjxtV-MAP2vP2Sm8tpUCvrL-nSP8jHqS3NZkvXuHuRDGyo2CG-3JVZaEzVjyWx9FDvjUQI_VETeE_KH8QJ7gVax3_D0EOtDQfXWCfTPSfHwi1-5g7cB2rPOhzLPHQN30YMOc25Y7e/s640/CRABTREE+2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW_RXPqu8KpJrTMwjj1M9ZYN5YqY_wVh9-O70qlFRE2xphaiKAK4SZWzExwnnlp7mjQMhzyxgJxPF7Y-nE5PKhV8d2zMCFw075o6wwXCCQBydVyZR1xWRGPKhOC26NNuWZSEftUa72JzbH/s1600/CRABTREE+6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW_RXPqu8KpJrTMwjj1M9ZYN5YqY_wVh9-O70qlFRE2xphaiKAK4SZWzExwnnlp7mjQMhzyxgJxPF7Y-nE5PKhV8d2zMCFw075o6wwXCCQBydVyZR1xWRGPKhOC26NNuWZSEftUa72JzbH/s640/CRABTREE+6.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivbgJPNaNyD6fT-4ovH7z8crvCM_DttWgENA06tubOos6NaRLwNG5dvjEvrXQjC9of9Rs7P2tjZfulLCbm7hGwWsElW2ZkCueW5ycCQzjfmHazK2y4MwW5NrBQtk3ZvUaFe1ifuha_fVb5/s1600/CRABTREE+10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivbgJPNaNyD6fT-4ovH7z8crvCM_DttWgENA06tubOos6NaRLwNG5dvjEvrXQjC9of9Rs7P2tjZfulLCbm7hGwWsElW2ZkCueW5ycCQzjfmHazK2y4MwW5NrBQtk3ZvUaFe1ifuha_fVb5/s640/CRABTREE+10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Don Crabtree Flint knapping Hall of Fame</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaKaaQnt7IaVpfXRzI3eiIa9IpGZByHOcJPI4qXXjZGqR0HiSt_8aSZ9IOdFBM2lPPAZt3D9sNUUHjAZ4QC688iUxU_wm4VRYgUizmgLYG125yiyJUqtx9udEfPMbwlyhk_sPHLlCVxGq3/s1600/JEANNE+BINNING+1983.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaKaaQnt7IaVpfXRzI3eiIa9IpGZByHOcJPI4qXXjZGqR0HiSt_8aSZ9IOdFBM2lPPAZt3D9sNUUHjAZ4QC688iUxU_wm4VRYgUizmgLYG125yiyJUqtx9udEfPMbwlyhk_sPHLlCVxGq3/s640/JEANNE+BINNING+1983.jpg" width="586" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Crabtree student and cook at the Crabtree Field school: Dr. Jeanne Day
Binning<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg62_Dq0gZW8nQs0rP6j_uQPk8JIi-WJP3GSmuAwJ4hsOIl9CJpQQoHqO-D4PUGzKVThAFYIXaeyFlOfE2pbr8QcAKOZeqZStcHSkZNTSi4P-BUs7QpH_gG7a5u2JAs_IqtUqPQnJezIY9j/s1600/Ray_and_Jeannie_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="592" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg62_Dq0gZW8nQs0rP6j_uQPk8JIi-WJP3GSmuAwJ4hsOIl9CJpQQoHqO-D4PUGzKVThAFYIXaeyFlOfE2pbr8QcAKOZeqZStcHSkZNTSi4P-BUs7QpH_gG7a5u2JAs_IqtUqPQnJezIY9j/s640/Ray_and_Jeannie_.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Crabtree student and cook at the Crabtree Field school: Dr. Jeanne Day Binning with Flintknapping Digest Editor: Ray Harwood 1983</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLv7SSXSq52nCTY5ZvL5FQlbvzC9VF1lWStVV7n5NjyZWmuGha1dp3cx8DmTg1q8qMFPjZ1xfw_eqqOPick8LtRnFnYEYY8QGWoRS4r6zUz8GCKXAnPI3BVAGTYMtlPgv52OLNx_WoE8kK/s1600/CRABTREE+8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLv7SSXSq52nCTY5ZvL5FQlbvzC9VF1lWStVV7n5NjyZWmuGha1dp3cx8DmTg1q8qMFPjZ1xfw_eqqOPick8LtRnFnYEYY8QGWoRS4r6zUz8GCKXAnPI3BVAGTYMtlPgv52OLNx_WoE8kK/s640/CRABTREE+8.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don Crabtree Points</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhWSm33TQs4hQZgqqPlJcKZABQpxjEZtmslCzeYwE1M3TLqdSGHrQy3J9x9TkgpDY7ogo37WbECcjBOhiS_9pwJI2U3XpIIB91o_mJidQj4gT_qjfQntHXyxVDUc6K0REDyXne6G3-waBZ/s1600/CRABTREE100.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhWSm33TQs4hQZgqqPlJcKZABQpxjEZtmslCzeYwE1M3TLqdSGHrQy3J9x9TkgpDY7ogo37WbECcjBOhiS_9pwJI2U3XpIIB91o_mJidQj4gT_qjfQntHXyxVDUc6K0REDyXne6G3-waBZ/s640/CRABTREE100.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DON CRABTREE, TIXIER FLINTKNAAPPNG HALL OF FAME</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmygaP8aZd8ZhzEIUP7op1Rr9hK1H-IaU5jrzxhh_K4j4HFwkhAZUncsGTn65mOqP7dugR0Jec1qY8oAehNdI6tqUAI22QjthuXybb_ZhjMvvFqSY2HN_sHU1JFu7gZ6pmZVleg8_GGvx1/s1600/CRABTREE+10.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmygaP8aZd8ZhzEIUP7op1Rr9hK1H-IaU5jrzxhh_K4j4HFwkhAZUncsGTn65mOqP7dugR0Jec1qY8oAehNdI6tqUAI22QjthuXybb_ZhjMvvFqSY2HN_sHU1JFu7gZ6pmZVleg8_GGvx1/s320/CRABTREE+10.png" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYC5lV_bgNGksN4eSEfSa6c9P7mSlsCMnmrb6bi8fdyt-6r6Zkzi7BE6t_tGuQVv1CYnQUJgew91ZF4A4BfTqBrJ6eX49xITOGlVaTDjoswkv7iWO9Z-aPSE0WaxwaRmNTQkBPtpdP-qxY/s1600/CRABTREE+12.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYC5lV_bgNGksN4eSEfSa6c9P7mSlsCMnmrb6bi8fdyt-6r6Zkzi7BE6t_tGuQVv1CYnQUJgew91ZF4A4BfTqBrJ6eX49xITOGlVaTDjoswkv7iWO9Z-aPSE0WaxwaRmNTQkBPtpdP-qxY/s640/CRABTREE+12.png" width="492" /></a>Flintknapping experiments of impact:
Schools of thought as reflected in the work of Crabtree, Flenniken, and Pelcin.
by
Michael J. Miller, M.A.
A great deal of knowledge developed through experimental method has been passed down by the numerous researchers of flintknapping. Our quest to understand the lithic implements created by our most ancient ancestors to their historic counterparts culminates in the 1960s as the advent of a new archaeology sweep through our discipline. The development of new theory, critique, experiment, methodology, and archaeology as a science produced several key figures whom I focus this work. Breaking these researchers into their own context works to develop them in their individual, unique, intellectual, and timely frameworks.
The 1960s saw a great rise in the number of practicing archaeologists and thusly so an increased interest in lithic artefacts. The emphasis that was once placed on describing artefacts and establishing chronologies shifted toward a focus on the organization of culture and explanation of change and adaptation as portrayed in assemblages. The tools of prehistoric peoples were now looked at with a greater scrutiny, as well as, the roles they played in culture and nature. The replication studies of François Bordes and Don Crabtree had a major impact on lithic analysis. The use of experimental archaeology allowed them to conduct simulation studies and determine probable lithic tool production techniques. They were not the first to conduct and publish on flintknapping (see Evans 1872), but were looked upon by archaeologists for answers and methods to help scientific archaeology learn more about past technologies. The archaeological community found replication studies and background training in flintknapping of value; the framework was laid for lithic biface reduction sequence analysis, refitting, microwear, and assemblage analysis.
Lithic replication studies utilize numerous experimental approaches to analyze stone tools. The fracture mechanics are a large part of this understanding and provide an insight into the production of assemblages. The differentiation between formal tools and the waste material left over from their creation act as attributes in the understanding of stone working technology. The work of modern flintknappers using primitive stone working tools and techniques provides a window for prehistoric lithic artefact examination. A brief review of the history of flintknapping and the replication of stone tools will give us a better understanding of lithic analysis in current archaeology.
Since the very first reports on flintknapping (see Skertchly 1879) and occidental pondering of ancient stone tools, we have, until recently, little insight into these areas. The replicas of primitive stone tools by William Smith and Edward Simpson sold as relics to collectors may be the first recorded flintknapping experiments where skill in stoneworking techniques can be called replicative (Forrest 1983). Later academic studies of flintknapping fracture mechanics (see Cushing 1895 and Holmes 1891) were tested to help understand possible prehistoric technique. A relatively large gap in the literature exists between these early experiments and those undertaken in the 1960s. The new and mostly scientific works being published brings us to the first of the major contributors to lithic technology, Don Crabtree.
Don Crabtree, an avocational archaeologist and flintknapper, uses experimental archaeology to engage questions of prehistoric tool manufacture and the minds of lithic artefact researchers. Focusing on biface manufacture, fluting techniques, and blade core technologies, he forged a relationship with the numerous lithic analysts and today is seen as the “dean of American flintknappers” (Knudson 1982).
Crabtree’s work relates primarily to questions of process, he tries to get at the “how” behind the creation of lithic artefacts. His 1966 article is the first reported attempt to replicate a Lindenmeier Folsom point. The work is a model of replicative experimentation that carefully examines the archaeological specimen, its debitage and describes the salient technological characteristics. He lists the numerous methods and factors used to try to replicate the specimen; he believes these sorts need to be taken into account for successful replication. He follows a proper scientific approach by listing the procedures followed and the results obtained in each of the experiments. Although it seems arbitrary, he notes to what degree the completed point and associated debris resembled the archaeological specimens. The comparison between the replicas and artefacts indicate which method or methods replicate the specimen successfully. He concludes that indirect percussion with rest, pressure using a chest crutch, clamp, and rest, or a combo of the two can successfully produce a Lindenmeier Folsom.
In his 1968 article on Mesoamerican polyhedral blade cores, he attempts to replicate the technology that produced them utilizing the insights provided by historical notes written by Spanish Franciscan Friar Juan de Torquemada (Holmes 1919, 323-4). By recreating the tools, working positions, and techniques described by Torquemada, Crabtree finds numerous faults with the written record. Breaking the text down to pieces and forming analogies between other texts allows him to create homologues in the tool morphologies and create stone working techniques from the inferences. It is interesting to note that he finds great fault in the translation of the text and ultimately takes very little of the described process to create his own method; Crabtree ultimately discovers his own technique using tools similar to those described in the text. The experiments create good empirical data and allow him to test several methods that may have been practiced prehistorically to produce blades; difficulties with securing the core, pressure flaker tips, movement of the knappers body mass, and even the placement of the knappers feet all provide answers to questions he never intended to ask. The use of slow motion photography, a novel idea, allowed him to see the actual detachment of the blade from the core; these helped him to fine tune the necessary downward and outward pressure to remove blades successfully from the core. The empiricist approach taken by Crabtree in his work is shown in his conclusions statement when he states “no amount of theorizing… will give a true picture of these techniques; only by replicating can we change theory to fact” (Crabtree 1968, 33). The processual school of thought Crabtree adhered to, endorsed his positivist approach to experiment and dominated in his understanding of past processes.
The processual behaviour associated with flintknapping places primary importance on replication of flaked stone tool reduction techniques; Crabtree and the experiments he performed are likely to be the cause of the replication of this mindset in today’s practicing replicators and lithic analysts. In my own research I followed, without thinking, the basic map of all lithic experiments performed before me and successfully duplicated, in my own eyes and my advisors, the lithic reduction process of a past culture. As the work of other researchers needs to be reviewed and addressed in the work that we perform, it undoubtedly works to change and conform the thoughts of each and all who place relevance in the author’s words. Crabtree’s work was indispensable experimental archaeology. He was able to enlighten numerous students and colleagues. Such an influence has created a vast knowledgebase for today’s lithic analysts, but one must wonder how the face of lithic analysis may look today if he had not stepped up.
Of equal stature are the works of François Bordes, esteemed archaeologist and flintknapper of the Old World. Crabtree first meet Bordes at a lithic technology conference in France (see Jelinek 1965) and found common ground and produced an article (Bordes and Crabtree 1969) on the Corbiac blade technique. In his publications written in English, he rarely addresses experimentation in flintknapping, but focuses on issues of typology and chronology (see Bordes 1968; Bordes & Sonneville-Bordes 1970) in assemblages. The Levallois technique, developed by Bordes (1961), as described in Andrefsky (1998) is a lineal reduction that shapes a core to create a continuous striking platform around the perimeter in order to shape the surface for the removal of a single large Levallois flake. Several researchers have attempted to refine the process in a systematic analysis of reduction techniques (Bradley 1977; Boeda 1986; Geneste1985) and all found a theme in that the specific goal of the reduction is to create the properly shaped core for the proper Levallois flake to be removed (Andrefsky 1998). Bordes initial identification and description of Levallois technology fits the temporal context and framework of knapping experiments and fills a void in the Paleolithic reduction knowledgebase allowing future researchers to apply archaeological analysis.
In the 1970s the contributions to experimental archaeology became more academic and scientific in nature, relying on stone working techniques and how the final product was formed (see Bradley 1974; Flenniken 1978). The experiments performed by Flenniken in the late 70s till the late 90s reflect the mindset of many lithic experimenters adding greatly to the knowledge base of lithic analysis.
Flenniken (1978) replicates the Lindenmeier Folsom point type by creating a research question based upon the work of his precursors taking greatly from Crabtree (1966). The proper research question proved to be very useful in his experimental approach to understanding the techniques and stages of manufacture. Building on the stages of Crabtree (1966) he focuses specifically on fluting sequence; it is of much debate when the flutes were removed during flaking (Irwin 1968, 230; Crabtree 1966; and Wilmsen 1974, 14-15). He creates an experimental procedure based on the analysis of an archaeological assemblage and informs the reader of the materials and the method making the experiment replicable. Defined stages of manufacture are provided and include figures, timing, methods, and numerous notes on successes and failures. His conclusions find Crabtree’s (1966, 22) work erroneous and suggest archaeologically significant fluting production techniques, as well as, the possible time input and failure rate of prehistoric knappers. Flenniken’s reification of past studies demonstrates his processual approach to experimental replication studies, underpinning his constructs of “stage” and mode in the interpretation of manufacture sequences.
The study of morphology and typology by Flenniken and Raymond (1986) questions the idea of using stone points as time markers for prehistoric cultures. They believe that the “conceptual and procedural modes” put forth by Rouse (1960, 318) do no adequately reflect the production and use of artefacts (Flenniken and Raymond 1986, 604). By questioning this notion they construct an experiment which tests the modes of manufacture and fully undermine the concept of projectile point typology. A very well defined methodology is presented to test Elko corner-notched and eared point typologies in a hunting situation. The rejuvenation of broken points, based on prehistoric evidence of resharpening, found that due to the higher percent of basal damage to experimental replicas that temporal type could change beyond the boundaries set by the lithic analyst. They suggest that assigning type based on morphology is risky; only the technological analysis of the entire lithic reduction sequence can adequately mark time (611). By questioning the normative interpretation of tools and providing empirical evidence that one out of every three aboriginal projectile points may have changed temporal type while in prehistoric context, challenges lithic analysts to reform their ideas of typology and its application to the prehistoric record.
Thomas (1986) questions the ability of a modern flintknapper to reproduce prehistoric human behaviour by suggesting that reality in understanding the life cycle of an artefact can never be fully identified. The range of variability in the production of replicas, the interpretation of process by modern day flintknappers, and the tool manufacture process of analogous forms suggests there is “absolutely no assurance that mere familiarity with specific techniques of lithic technology will automatically lead to accurate interpretation of the past” (1986, 621). The need for systematically controlled experiments in lithic replication work influenced lithic analysts to become more strict and scientific, but these studies in the lab were seen by others as no longer realistic or applicable. The resulting studies lead to a more archaeology based replication science as found in Flenniken and Wilke’s (1989) work on typology, technology, and chronology of Great Basin dart points.
The two authors focus on the constructs of typology in the Great Basin and define general rules that archaeologists adhere to when placing a projectile point into a cultural type (Flenniken and Wilke 1989). They take from previous studies performed by Flenniken on dart points and their tendencies when utilized for hunting and dispatching animals to suggest that lithic technology studies can provide meaningful interpretations of the use-life of an artefact. The damage caused from use on the two archetypal forms of dart points suggests that nearly all sub-types may be directly related and temporally linked; the chronology of types is brought into question and the low number of significant attributes portrays stone dart points to be the least stable artefact type (153). The typological approach has created an illusion that Great Basin dart points can be set into periods and are static. Notions of discard are addressed to help our understanding of a dart point’s use-life and work to substantiate the conclusion; ‘mixing of archaeological units’ need to be attended to and not ignored by archaeologists opting out for an intuitive chronology based on the assumptions and hypothetical succession of morphological types (156). Based on a processual approach and empirical data, the conclusion is well substantiated.
As the work of lithic analysts and the replicators becomes less focused on the end product the by-products of flintknapping are put to use interpreting the past via controlled scientific experiments. The most informative and elaborate scientific experiments in flintknapping were performed by Dibble and Pelcin (see Dibble and Pelcin 1995; Pelcin 1997). These studies of flake creation cover the numerous factors that can effect the formation of flakes and provide archaeological insight by informing us of key variables in the technology of stone working.
Dibble and Pelcin (1995) effectively began a series of controlled flintknapping experiments that use scientific controls and a lab environment to successfully speculate on prehistoric flintknapping processes. The study of the effect of hammer mass and velocity on flake mass suggests that two independent variables, exterior platform angle and platform thickness, can be adapted by the stone worker to reliably change the needed mass to remove a planned flake. The methods are laid out as expected in any reproducible experiment, as well as the needed materials with detailed descriptions. They take a heuristic approach by testing and utilizing different mathematical formula to account for the variables in the experiment. Hypothesis testing helps them to refine their experiment and data to disprove the ‘belief if a flake is produced, neither momentum nor its individual components of mass and velocity has a major effect in determining flake mass’ (431). The platform angle and thickness are ruled by a mass-force threshold based on the percussors mass; this threshold effect explains why a flintknapper believes that momentum produces larger flakes. The value of this experiment is in the empirical data and its practical application to flintknappers creating flakes. By informing the experimenters of such realistic effects based on specific variables that the flintknapper typically assumes, they can control their platforms and scientifically create the desired flake morphology.
Pelcin builds on the earlier work of Dibble and Pelcin (1995) in his work on core surface morphology (1997). The creation of an experimental data set to inform a specific hypothesis, controlled core surface morphology can effect the flake attributes of length and thickness, correlated to the notion that prehistoric and modern knappers recognize this and utilize it informs the archaeological record. The ability to produce a specific flake size and mass may have been utilized prehistorically when conservation of lithic resources was needed. Scientific means and measures are created to control, manipulate and influence variables and work to eliminate the irregularities introduced by the human flintknapper (750). The experiment provided the needed detail in understanding ‘how the flake mass is distributed by the core surface morphology in relation to platform thickness and exterior platform angle’ (754) and provides a model to determine the mass (thickness, bulb of percussion size, length and width) of a flake based on the platform angle and thickness. These data can be extrapolated to reconstruct the location and amount of flake mass removed during pressure flaking which directly relates to the use-life of the flake tool and material limitations of the prehistoric flintknapper/tool-user.
The numerous experiments of lithic analysts and flintknappers take several forms in the literature. Noting the inquires made of experimental archaeology are often those of empiricists looking for data to infer interpretations and the processualists wanting to delineate process and/or test hypotheses. Often mixing of the aforementioned work hand in hand to produce viable scientific archaeology producing insight into problems initially addressed; new questions discovered during the testing create further knowledge and inform the research beyond original concern. Lithic experimentation has provided a means to test certain aspects of the archaeological record; in science we can never change theory to fact, only disprove and recreate question that help us to further our understanding of the ancient human past.
References
Andrefsky, W. 1998. Lithics. Cambridge: University Press.
Boeda, E. 1986. Approche technolgique du concept levallois et évaluation de son champs d’Applicatioń: tude de trios gisements saaliens et weichseliens de la France septentrionale. Doctoral dissertation, University of Paris X.
Bordes, F. 1961. Typologie du paléolithique ancient et moyen. Publications de l’Institut de Préhistoire de l’Université de Bordeaux, Mémoire 1, Bordeaux.
Bordes, F. & D. Crabtree. 1969. The Corbiac blade technique and other experiments. Tebiwa 12(2): 1-21.
Bordes, F. & D. de Sonneville-Bordes. 1970. The Significance of variability in Paleolithic Assemblages. World Archaeology 2: 61-73.
Bradley, B. 1974. Comments on the Lithic Technology of the Casper Site, in G. Frison (ed.), The Casper Bison Kill Site. 191-197. New York: Academic Press.
Bradley, B. 1977. Experimental Lithic Technology with Special Reference to the Middle Paleolithic. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge.
Crabtree, D. 1966. A stone-worker’s approach to analyzing and replicating the Lindenmeier Folsom. Tebiwa 9(1): 3-39.
Crabtree, D. 1968. Mesoamerican polyhedral cores and prismatic blades. American Antiquity 33: 446-78.
Cushing, F. 1895. The Arrow. American Anthropologist 8(4): 307-349.
Dibble, H & A. Pelcin. 1995. The Effect of Hammer Mass and Velocity on Flake Mass. Journal of Archaeological Science 22: 429-439.
Evans, J. 1872. The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain. London: Longmans.
Flenniken, J. 1978. Revaluation of the Lindemeier Folsom: A Replication Experiment in Lithic Technology. American Antiquity 43(3): 473-480.
Flenniken, J. & A. Raymond. 1986. Morphological Projectile Point Typology: Replication Experimentation and Technological Analysis. American Antiquity 51: 603-14.
Flenniken, J. & P. Wilke. 1989. Typology, Technology, and Chronology of Great Basin Dart Points. American Anthropologist 91: 49-58.
Forrest, A. 1983. Masters of Flint. Suffolk: Lavenham Press.
Geneste, J. 1985. Analyse lithique d’industries moustériennes du Périgord: une approche technologique du comportement des groups humains au paléolithique moyen. Doctoral dissertation, University of Bordeaux I.
Henry, D., V. Haynes, & B. Bradley. 1976. Quantitative variations in flaked stone debitage. Plains Anthropologist 21: 57-61.
Holmes, W. 1891. Maufacture of Stone Arrow-points. American Anthropologist 4: 49-58.
Holmes, W. 1919. Handbook of Aboriginal American Antiquities. Part1: Introductory and the Lithic Industries. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 60. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
Irwin, H. 1968. The Itama: late Pleistocene inhabitants of the plains of the United States and Canada and the American Southwest. Published PhD thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge.
Jelinek, A. 1965. Lithic Technology Conference, Les Eyzies, France. American Antiquity 31: 277-278.
Knudson, R. 1982. Obituary, Don E. Crabtree, 1912-1980. American Antiquity 47(2): 336-343.
Newcomer, M. 1975. Punch technique and Upper Paleolithic blades, in E. Swanson (ed.), Lithic technology. 97-102. The Hague: Mouton.
Pelcin, A. 1997. The Effect of Core Surface Morphology on Flake Attributes: Evidence from a Controlled Experiment. Journal of Archaeological Science 24: 749-756.
Rouse, I. 1960. The Classification of Artifacts in Archaeology. American Antiquity 25: 313-323.
Skertchly, S. 1879. On the Manufacture of Gun-Flints, the Methods of Excavating for Flint, the Age of Paleolithic Man, and the Connection between Neolithic Art and the Gun-Flint Trade. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of England and Wales. London: Geological Survey.
Thomas, D. 1986. Points on Points: A Reply to Flenniken and Raymond. American Antiquity 51: 619-627.
Wilmsen, E. 1974. Lindenmeier: A Pleistocene hunting society. New York: Harper and Row.
+++++++++++++++++++
West J Med. 1982 Mar;136(3):265-9.
Ancient technology in contemporary surgery.
Buck BA.
Abstract
Archaeologists have shown that ancient man developed the ability to produce cutting blades of an extreme degree of sharpness from volcanic glass. The finest of these prismatic blades were produced in Mesoamerica about 2,500 years ago. The technique of production of these blades was rediscovered 12 years ago by Dr. Don Crabtree, who suggested possible uses for the blades in modern surgery. Blades produced by Dr. Crabtree have been used in experimental microsurgery with excellent results. Animal experiments have shown the tensile strength of obsidian produced wounds to be equal to or greater than that of wounds produced by steel scalpels after 14 days of healing. We have been able to demonstrate neither flaking of glass blades into the wounds nor any foreign body reaction in healed wounds. Skin incisions in human patients have likewise healed well without complications. The prismatic glass blade is infinitely sharper than a honed steel edge, and these blades can be produced in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. It is therefore suggested that this type of blade may find an appropriate use in special areas of modern surgery
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Francois Bordesonce declared that archaeology could recognize a “pre-Crabtree” and a “post-Crabtree” era.
In this earlier era, most researchers classified stone tools by shape or assumed function. In the later era, researchers
became more sophisticated, considering landmarks and other features on flakes indicative of manufacture and use.
Ruthann Knudson, in her 1982 obituary (Knudson 1982), cited Don Crabtree as “the dean of American flintknappers,” a titleJacques Tixier, when alerted that we were building an exhibit on Don Crabtree, penned a
testimony to his friend and colleague. It is presented here as an acknowledgement of the
impact Don had on the field of archaeology.
Professor Tixierwrote:
Hommage.
J’airencontrépour la premiere foisDon Crabtree le 22 nov.1964 pour la “Lithic Technology
Conference a les Eyzies.” Cetteréunionpassapresqueinapercueà l’époque. Cefutpourtant
unedate trèsimportantepour l’étudedu comportementhumainaux temps préhistoriques,
pour troisraisons: Cefutl’officialisationde la valeurde l’expérimentationen Préhistoire.
Cefutla première collaboration entre tailleursaméricainset européens. Grâcea Don, le monde
de la pressionnous futrévéleà nous, Français, au point queplusieursd’entrenous (dontje fus)
restèrentdeuxnuitssans dormir, émerveilléspar l’habiletéet les connaissancesde Don dansla
reproduction des lames en obsidienne, les fameux“navajas” des Aztèques, et des pointes de
projectiles des paléo-indiens. Se commentairesétaientjusteset raisonnables, patients et “à but
non lucratif.” Commençaalorspour moi, en mars 1965, unesorted’enseignementpar
correspondancesousla formesuivante: Don m’envoyaitdes modèlesde retouches et des pièces
préforméesqueje finissais. Puisje les luirenvoyais, après mesretouches, pour appreciation. Il me
les retournaitenfinavec un avis toujoursencourageantmaistoujoursobjectif. En èchangeje lui
faisaisparvenirdu silexde France qu’ ilappreciaittout particulierement. Je fusdoncson élèveet
je m’englorifie. Petit à petit cetteabondantecorrespondance(jusqu’enaout1980), entrecoupée
de quelquesrencontresenthousiastesen Idaho, se transformaen un èchangeplus challureuxencore.
En mêmetemps se développaunecollaboration scientifiqueainsiquenaquittout naturellementune
amitiéprofonde. Je fusalorsson collègueet son ami. Je puistémoignericicombienila etéadroit et
réfléchi, inventifet productif, pédogogueet chalureusementouvert. Il avaitle coeursurla main.
Il étaitavanttout humain. Il a sudialogues avec les hommespréhistoriquesen refaisantles mêmes
gestes, en passant par les mêmesconcepts. Il a redécouvertles traitementthermiquedes roches
siliceusespour qu’ellessoientplus facilementtaillables, plus brillantes, plus colorées. Il resteun
modèlepour beaucoup. Il resteaussipour moimonami. Il s’appelaitDon Eugene Crabtree.
acknowledged by many practitioners. Emphasized in the obit was the close relationship between Crabtree and Earl Swanson,
ISU archaeologist and Director of the Idaho State College Museum. The two close colleagues were to develop a seminal programCrabtree’s collaboration with Swanson, and Bordesand Tixier, fueled a surge
of interest through the 1960s in replicating stone tool technologies. A major
event was creation of the Idaho State University FlintworkingSchool in 1969
with funding by the National Science Foundation. Thirty-three archaeology
students would pass through the schools over a six year span. These
“Crabtree students” would go on to establish the importance of research in
lithic technology in archaeology.
in study of stone tool technology. Crabtree was appointed a Research Associate in Lithic Technology at the Museum in 1964.
Publications, conferences, exhibitions and films were to result. “Man’s Oldest Craft Re-created” was an exhibit highlighting Don Crabtree’s work developed by George Gardner of Yang-Gardner Associates, New York, and Lynch Exhibits, Pennsauken, New Jersey,
for the American Museum of Natural History. Dr. JuniusBird, AMNH Curator of South American archaeology, and Dr. Richard Gould, AMNH Associate Curator of North American Archaeology, worked
with Don to create the exhibition, which was placed in AMNH from February through September, 1970. The exhibit was summarized in AMNH“Curator” (Crabtree and Gould 1970). A seminal step forward occurred with funding of an international conference on lithic technology at Les Eyzies,
France, in 1964. Joint sponsorship was supplied by the Society for American Archaeology, the Universitede
Bordeaux and the National Science Foundation. Scholars from France, the United States,
and Canada, met over
six days. Don Crabtree, an acknowledged expert in pressure flaking, and Francois Bordes, expert in percussion
flaking, were featured. Jacques Tixier, another French knapper, also attended. It was here that Crabtree introduced
his work on heat treatment to the Old World scholars. Bordes, Tixier and Crabtree were
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip4tgA1XL9Uds5mQORJM6enylC8yCL-4iOmuMzUhMMK0Y7Qk0N9qkj0P2hLgV4o655cI3mnC2baig3Z17IbreS_DyWIJfuaD5-SUm5Bl9W4-Ogvz6Ss4e4rTpbdgYm3N-pY1ov1XOcYQig/s1600/CRABTREE+3.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip4tgA1XL9Uds5mQORJM6enylC8yCL-4iOmuMzUhMMK0Y7Qk0N9qkj0P2hLgV4o655cI3mnC2baig3Z17IbreS_DyWIJfuaD5-SUm5Bl9W4-Ogvz6Ss4e4rTpbdgYm3N-pY1ov1XOcYQig/s320/CRABTREE+3.png" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjZSV0LYP2t3f5j1Ghyphenhyphens-UxGP49t1rPedK1FK1K8JbgVjH2hJNXh9uiiUCeOYF_DPomYlJsnAdMeEC1WCbxWZqLOMyd3ZmcKVjQB7ibt541-APriy9w8uDvtpqPu2U4iWohfUAJCM_joGv/s1600/CRABTREE+4.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjZSV0LYP2t3f5j1Ghyphenhyphens-UxGP49t1rPedK1FK1K8JbgVjH2hJNXh9uiiUCeOYF_DPomYlJsnAdMeEC1WCbxWZqLOMyd3ZmcKVjQB7ibt541-APriy9w8uDvtpqPu2U4iWohfUAJCM_joGv/s320/CRABTREE+4.png" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6X-6g3vDArZI3pQJuKV1dq_WPRjF-wyZKIrW6fEGryArhOq_oB4ocJcwGYz1WPKEMBmYlzkESyr2HWl40sDB1oYuRdYKv7aNRjaewzsMQfQoZODPQQdzT4gPUoATyxsODml0XBrOEW7A3/s1600/CRABTREE+14.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6X-6g3vDArZI3pQJuKV1dq_WPRjF-wyZKIrW6fEGryArhOq_oB4ocJcwGYz1WPKEMBmYlzkESyr2HWl40sDB1oYuRdYKv7aNRjaewzsMQfQoZODPQQdzT4gPUoATyxsODml0XBrOEW7A3/s640/CRABTREE+14.png" width="460" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUuCNoHWUM0lljnlYQPrVzhSgQJBjHWj_qYLz_nI0tizX9GyQgy_j_VwAL-uA1ufxfDxURj25HZM6cDhey2AZdBh8ZNN5UKkJccfquQYABz_4hmYjQJGF71iTrPcE4Wxi0_9w-ZuBBj2pr/s1600/CRABTREE+15.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUuCNoHWUM0lljnlYQPrVzhSgQJBjHWj_qYLz_nI0tizX9GyQgy_j_VwAL-uA1ufxfDxURj25HZM6cDhey2AZdBh8ZNN5UKkJccfquQYABz_4hmYjQJGF71iTrPcE4Wxi0_9w-ZuBBj2pr/s320/CRABTREE+15.png" /></a>
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Don Crabtree
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Don Crabtree (June 8, 1912 – November 16, 1980) was a flintknapper and pioneering experimental archaeologist.
Known as the “Dean of American flintknappers” he was mostly self-educated, however he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree by the University of Idaho. His 1972 publication An Introduction to Flintworking still serves as one of the primary terminology sources for students of lithic technology. Crabtree is well known for “Crabtree’s Law”, which states that “the greater the degree of final finishing applied to a stone artifact, whether by flaking, grinding, and/or polishing, the harder it is to conclude the lithic reduction process which produced the stone artifact.” Through practical experimentation and study of archaeological finds (both completed tools and the chips of stone left by their production) Crabtree learned to produce replicas of a variety of different ancient flint and obsidian blades.[1]
Contents
[hide] 1 Life and Death
2 Employment History
3 Awards and honors
4 Selected Papers[2]
5 References
6 External links
[edit] Life and Death
Don E. Crabtree was born in Heyburn, Idaho on June 8, 1912. He finished high school in Twin Falls in 1930, after which he worked for the Idaho Power Company. After a brief period he traveled to California where he enrolled in Long Beach Junior College in the mid-1930s with the intent to major in geology and paleontology. Crabtree was noted as being a thinker-while-doing, highly active, and not enjoying studying; due to this he dropped out of Long Beach Junior College after only one term to go his own route. In 1939 he discovered he had cancer, and this discovery briefly impeded his self-study in archeology. During the war years he met his wife, Evelyn, and married in 1943 while working for the Bethlehem Steel Company in California. Crabtree would spend the next 30 years educating and assisting some of the biggest names in archeology at the time such as Alfred Kroeber. Crabtree was also asked for his advice at influential sites like the Clovis type site. After a highly successful career he died in Twin Falls, Idaho on November 16, 1980 of complications due to heart disease.
[edit] Employment History
After graduation from high school Don Crabtree first worked for the Idaho Power Company. After dropping out of Long Beach Junior College in California he began working in paleontological laboratories. By the late 1930s he was the preparator in the vertebrate paleontology laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. It was during this time he became acquainted with Alfred L. Kroeber and E.W.Gifford of the Lowie Museum at Berkeley. His time at Berkeley also included conducting flint knapping demonstrations for scholars and students and occasionally for museum visitors. After his battle with cancer was over in 1941 he worked for several months at the Lithic Laboratory of the Ohio Historical Society. It was during this period that Crabtree was called upon as an advisor in lithic studies to the University of Pennsylvania, where he was associated with Edgar B. Howard and the Clovis point type site at Black Water Draw. Frank H. H. Roberts of the Smithsonian Institution also called upon him around this time to consult on the analysis of the Lindenmeier Folsom point collection. When the U.S. entered into World War II the Lithic lab was discontinued and Crabtree returned to California to assist in the war effort as a coordination engineer for Bethlehem Steel Company, which built the ships for the Pacific effort until the war ended. After WWII he returned to Twin Springs, Idaho and became a successful real estate salesman in the postwar market. Crabtree was employed from 1952 until 1962 as a county supervisor for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) in Twin Falls. In March 1962 he opened the First Conference of Western Archaeologists on Problems of Point Typology at the Idaho State College Museum with a demonstration of his flintworking skills. In 1964 he was appointed Research Associate in Lithic Technology at the Pocatello Museum - a job he maintained until 1975.
[edit] Awards and honors
Don Crabtree was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Idaho for his outstanding contributions to the field of experimental archeology. As a rule he was apprehensive to speak at lectures and publish his work therefore the majority of the archeological community did not realize the depth of his contributions until most of his papers were published in the Idaho State University Museum journal, Tebiwa. After this he became a household name in the U.S. and the “Crabtree School” of Flintknapping was begun during which he taught some 33 pupils from 1969 to 1975 many of which would produce dissertations that would educate students across the country in lithic technology. In 1969 some of Crabtree’s work was featured in a special exhibition at New York’s American Museum of Natural History. He is also credited with the creation of “Crabtree’s Law” which is integral in the modern study of lithics. Don Crabtree donated his entire collection of work to the University of Idaho for current and future archeologists to study. The Crabtree Award of the Society for American Archaeology is also named after him.
[edit] Selected Papers[2]
Mastodon Bone with Artifacts in California. 1939. American Antiquity 5(2):148-149.
Notes on Experiments in Flintknapping: 1. Heat-Treatment of Silica Materials (with B. Robert Butler). 1964. Tebiwa 7(1):1-6.
A Stoneworker's Approach to Analyzing and Replicating the Lindenmeier Folsom. 1966. Tebiwa 9(1):3-39.
Notes on Experiments in Flintknapping: 3. The Flintknapper's Raw Materials. 1967. Tebiwa 10(1):8-24.
Notes on Experiments in Flintknapping: 4. Tools Used for Making Flaked Stone Artifacts. 1967. Tebiwa 10(1):60-71.
Archaeological Evidence of Acculturation Along the Oregon Trail. 1968. Tebiwa 11(2):38-42.
Experimental Manufacture of Wooden Implements with Tools of Flaked Stone.1968. Science 159(3812):426-428.
Mesoamerican Polyhedral Cores and Prismatic Blades. 1968. American Antiquity 33(4):446-478.
Edge-Ground Cobbles and Blade-Making in the Northwest (with Earl H. Swanson, Jr.). 1968. Tebiwa 11(2):50-58.
The Corbiac Blade Technique and Other Experiments. 1969. Tebiwa 12(2):1-21.
A Technological Description of Artifacts in Assemblage I, Wilson Butte Cave, Idaho. 1969. Current Anthropology (10)4:366-367.
Flaking Stone Tools with Wooden Implements. 1970. Science 169(3941):146-153.
Man's Oldest Craft Re-created (with Ricard A. Gould). 1970. Curator 13(3)179-198.
An Introduction to Flintworking. 1972. Occasional Papers of the Idaho State University Museum, No. 28.
The Cone Fracture Principle and the Manufacture of Lithic Materials. 1972. Tebiwa 15(2):29-42.
Experiments in Replicating Hohokam Points. 1973. Tebiwa 16(1):10-45.
The Obtuse Angle as a Functional Edge. 1973. Tebiwa 16(1):46-53.
Grinding and Smoothing of Stone Artifacts. 1974. Tebiwa 17(1):1-6.
Unusual Milling Stone from Battle Mountain, Nevada. 1974. Tebiwa 17(1):89-91.
Comments on Lithic Technology and Experimental Archaeology in Lithic Technology: Making and Using Stone Tools edited by Earl H. Swanson, Jr., pp 105–114. 1975. World Series in Anthropology. Mouton.
Comment on "A History of Flintknapping Experimentation, 1838-1976". 1978. Current Anthropology (19)1:360.
[edit] References
1.^ Plew, Mark G., James C. Woods and Max G. Pavesic. (1985) Stone Tool Analysis-Essays in Honor of Don E. Crabtree, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico.
2.^ Knudson, Ruthann, (1982) American Antiquities, Society for American Archaeology, Vol. 13, pp. 336-43
The Crabtree Lithic Technology Collection consists of approximately 8,000 examples of experimental flintknapping, samples of lithic source materials used for the manufacture of stone tools, and archaeological and ethnographic specimens of lithic technology from Europe, North American, and Australia.
The collections also includes research papers and correspondence associated with Crabtree's research, his personal library on lithic technology, and photographic records of his research.
The lithic research library is world-wide in scope, including works in English, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Danish, Russian, Japanese, and Chinese published over the last 120 years.<br />
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"> Crabtree Award</span><br />
Established in 1985 to recognize significant contributions to<br />
archaeology in the Americas made by individual who has had little if<br />
any formal training in archaeology and little if any wage or salary<br />
as an archaeologist. The award is named after Don Crabtree of Twin<br />
Falls, Idaho, who made significant contributions to the study of<br />
lithic technology and whose dedication to archaeology was a lifelong<br />
personal and financial commitment. The awardees have been:<br />
<br />
1985 Clarence H. Webb, MD<br />
1987 Leonard W. Blake<br />
1988 Julian Dodge Hayden<br />
1989 J. B. Sollberger<br />
1990 Ben C. McCary<br />
1991 James Pendergast<br />
1992 Stuart W. Conner<br />
1993 Mary Elizabeth Good<br />
1994 Leland W. Patterson<br />
1995 Jeff Carskadden<br />
1996 James H. Word<br />
1997 Sidney Merrick Wheeler (posthumous)<br />
and Georgia Nancy Wheeler Felts<br />
1998 Reca Jones<br />
1999 Gene L. Titmus<br />
2000 Richard P. Mason<br />
2001 John D. "Jack" Holland<br />
2002 Richard A. Bice<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlFU_1TWLrVC1HqVpdWeqOeMOBDAcs52bO7fnW2Qup_Eq7CzNCIVHBvmBsQaWhujAnR5IOH0tzIqIkR_pDx3q60wMueWdC05Bss08wvqwu043Hm4fGmkY8B6P4bRBMxapwbvu6HEoyZeGa/s1600/CRAB+BORDES.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="409" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlFU_1TWLrVC1HqVpdWeqOeMOBDAcs52bO7fnW2Qup_Eq7CzNCIVHBvmBsQaWhujAnR5IOH0tzIqIkR_pDx3q60wMueWdC05Bss08wvqwu043Hm4fGmkY8B6P4bRBMxapwbvu6HEoyZeGa/s640/CRAB+BORDES.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">BORDES AND CRABTREE IN FRANCE. 1970S</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
2003 Dr. Guillermo Mata Amado
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRABTREE MUSEUM
Donald E. Crabtree - Biography
"Crabtree was born in Heyburn, Idaho on June 8, 1912. His parents were Reverend Ellis and Mabel G. Crabtree and they lived on 140 acres in the Salmon River Valley. In 1917, the Crabtrees moved to a 10-acre plot outside of Twin Falls and established a garden and pickle business. Crabtree lived a close life to his parents and two sisters in the Twin Falls community.
Don finished high school in Twin Falls in 1930 and worked for the Idaho Power Company. He then decided to move to California where he enrolled in Long Beach Junior College in the mid-1930s, intending to major in geology and paleontology. His interest in those topics and in prehistoric archaeology had developed during a childhood and youth spent exploring south-central Idaho. Crabtree tried flintknapping, but at the time, it was not his primary focus.
Crabtree was a very active person and was not happy with just studying, and after one term at Long Beach Junior College, he dropped out and went the rest of the way by himself. Even though he was self-conscious about his lack of education and disliked public speeches, he was recognized internationally as one of the most thoughtful and provocative students of prehistoric technologies.
Crabtree began working in paleontological laboratories and by the late 1930s he was the preparator in the vertebrate paleontology laboratory at the University of California, Berkely. He worked under the direction of Charles Camp and Ruben Stirton and did summer fieldwork in Nevada and California. Crabtree became acquainted with Alfred L. Kroeber and E.W. Gifford of the Lowie Museum at Berkeley, and in the late 1930s, worked as a technician in the anthropology program while he further developed his flintknapping skills. He also conducted knapping demonstrations for scholars and students at Berkeley and occasionally for museum visitors.
In 1939, Crabtree was diagnosed with cancer and returned home to his parents' home during what were considered to be his last days. However, massive cobalt treatments and his mother's and his indomitable patience through months on intensive care, led him to recovery. He spent his recuperation period, when his mobility was limited and as he was trying to regain muscular strength, flintknapping - making arrowheads, spearpoints, and eccentric lithic forms by the hour.
What had been a virtuoso performance until that time became a confirmed craft and art, all the time conducted amidst a personal search for information about lithic mechanics, systems of efficient core reduction, and the significance of variations among the newly identified paleo-Indian points from the Plains and Southwest.
In the spring of 1941, fully recovered and with a year of concentrated flintknapping behind him, Crabtree was invited to demonstrated knapping techniques at the American Association of Museums' annual meeting in Columbus, Ohio. As a result of that demonstration, he was employed for Shetrone, replicating eastern lithic artifacts. Crabtree was also called upon as an advisor in lithic studies to the University of Pennsylvania, where he was associated with Edgar B. Howard and the Clovis type site and other Blackwater Draw materials. It was during this period that he had his first "hands on" acquaintance with the Folsom materials, one of his lifelong fascinations, when Frank H. Roberts of the Smithsonian Institution called Crabtree in as a consultant in the analysis of the Lindenmeier Folsom collection.
Everything was going right in the fall of 1941; the cancer was in remission, Crabtree has employment doing that in which he was most interested (working with stone tools), and he was becoming recognized as one of the leading students of that subject by major archaeological institutions. Then the United States entered World War II, the Lithic Laboratory was discontinued, and Crabtree returned to California to join the war effort.
From 1941 until the late 1950s, Crabtree's involvement with flintknapping was only as an avocation. He spent the war years in Long Beach where he worked as a coordination engineer for Bethlehem Steel Company, which built the ships for the Pacific effort. There he met his beloved wife, Evelyn Josephine Meadows; they married in Long Beach in 1943. Their relationship was a strong and close interdependency, she was serving as his housekeeper, traveling companion, secretary and editor, and always his closest confidant. They never had children of their own, rather "adopting" the young students who flocked around Crabtree to learn and consult. Evelyn's health problems were also significant; she had lost a lung to tuberculosis when she was a young woman, and spent her last years in a long fight against cancer. Their 33 years together were a true partnership, and one did not know Don Crabtree unless one knew Evelyn.
Following World War II, the Crabtrees returned to Twin Falls. They purchased the big family home from Don's parents, and he soon was a real estate salesman in a booming postwar market. Evelyn was a manager of a large savings and loan institution, where she dealt in real estate and more general financial matters. They eventually sold the large house and bought a small place out in the country just east of Twin Falls and over the years they added rooms and a shop until finally they had a modest but complete lithic laboratory and guest facility.
Crabtree was employed from 1952 until 1962 as a county supervisor for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) in Twin Falls, spending much of his time in aerial photo interpretation of soil conservation problems. He continued to read voraciously, to keep up with archaeological publications, and to demonstrate flintknapping to local school and youth groups. He also continued his investigations into the archaeology of southern Idaho, particularly its prehistory. He was locally quite well-known for his knapping skills and knowledge, and that local fame led him to a reentry into the scholarly world of lithic studies in 1958.
In 1958, Earl H. Swanson Jr., who established the first major archaeological program at the Idaho State University in Pocatello, Idaho, introduced himself to Crabtree after hearing from local people about the flintknapper with an amazing skill and major regional archaeological collection. Crabtree and Swanson shared a deep friendship and it lasted until Swanson's untimely death in 1975. Swanson's international credentials and participation in the "early man" network of American archaeologists gave Crabtree access to research monies and forums that he would not have entered on his own, and Swanson never hesitated to do whatever he could to provide Crabtree with that access by extension. "<br />
<br />
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP0Y0qN3w85rrfKet4oXYtCJvPlkfpAspIRYTsbFH0Y9iIE68pv87Z5aJH99TxnZSfK521iQ8IA6UmIEHbjWbOVYNMRGsyZB3upGYqJNEHjPSOsbWNM5aP1Jtb74ERBx4of5SvWxFCYYj9/s1600/buck+1-3b8fa6e5a8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP0Y0qN3w85rrfKet4oXYtCJvPlkfpAspIRYTsbFH0Y9iIE68pv87Z5aJH99TxnZSfK521iQ8IA6UmIEHbjWbOVYNMRGsyZB3upGYqJNEHjPSOsbWNM5aP1Jtb74ERBx4of5SvWxFCYYj9/s640/buck+1-3b8fa6e5a8.jpg" width="478" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij31hcZEVUjIcTyx-xPyVUM7i12K9xMR3b3r376i210eTcWQJsvfo4Qytf2PFEUr2VCLsl7pUc_KKczCPqEG_plQJj_Rytz6NSNs9ZJW1lWT4BqXaGqy1GMSBa5aD80FTLnNpMieyloHMF/s1600/buck+2-526e02d7ba.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij31hcZEVUjIcTyx-xPyVUM7i12K9xMR3b3r376i210eTcWQJsvfo4Qytf2PFEUr2VCLsl7pUc_KKczCPqEG_plQJj_Rytz6NSNs9ZJW1lWT4BqXaGqy1GMSBa5aD80FTLnNpMieyloHMF/s640/buck+2-526e02d7ba.jpg" width="478" /></a>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC5krklv2iyF3a0OlYKTR1gKSh6t2582CPNhrdhRCbikQsEN14l64TpdCUJDFc_KO_KGiKx1hUfWsV4KKsZ-vGsgEjF06-syLZvDKXDriYNFMImuU4GN-k2jOigTRn0cJOIesCd2N6oQrE/s1600/buck+3-63a1c4343d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC5krklv2iyF3a0OlYKTR1gKSh6t2582CPNhrdhRCbikQsEN14l64TpdCUJDFc_KO_KGiKx1hUfWsV4KKsZ-vGsgEjF06-syLZvDKXDriYNFMImuU4GN-k2jOigTRn0cJOIesCd2N6oQrE/s1600/buck+3-63a1c4343d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyrR46x_708qJz6ewsDu3jQXD1eNBwy6tYcyyvLP3Rj_SVu6Ycx7yN2JWDdFTycQspMBOxKuAiD3BJvv9xTPCY9wvlUQwh6GqJYdUrGWLM4wrpCg5gL7I3XSN04ga2xO5rkLjdshvHW_W2/s1600/don+222s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyrR46x_708qJz6ewsDu3jQXD1eNBwy6tYcyyvLP3Rj_SVu6Ycx7yN2JWDdFTycQspMBOxKuAiD3BJvv9xTPCY9wvlUQwh6GqJYdUrGWLM4wrpCg5gL7I3XSN04ga2xO5rkLjdshvHW_W2/s640/don+222s.png" width="446" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DON CRABTREE WITH GENE TITMUS 1979</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0fV5G_EaxogKvljlf6Wk_ENYMCIGZTY_RGStRhM95SAjj3ACoa03n57krKtZmlJHC9vm9kJ4h05MfLtupldQ4h5tsZirC-iJNVyN95pa1ZuB7KsFk7mpPNXVy-BAdY3oGccFO6nSwFuWp/s1600/ROBSON.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0fV5G_EaxogKvljlf6Wk_ENYMCIGZTY_RGStRhM95SAjj3ACoa03n57krKtZmlJHC9vm9kJ4h05MfLtupldQ4h5tsZirC-iJNVyN95pa1ZuB7KsFk7mpPNXVy-BAdY3oGccFO6nSwFuWp/s400/ROBSON.jpg" width="278" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crabtree student: Robson Bonnichsen </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCyM1_-ezqOsl_png31xEviVUSWAkqleqDYIQ42RTsszHivlgW-OdqZfkR1TVSb4K1Hj8PA4xIS34EM9Q0wBUOkWNj5Yp3FVIUURti7zVsROpXCpiusxny-rZ4wl-_d1h17f0Oqu4vqSEU/s1600/CRAB-SCALPEL.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCyM1_-ezqOsl_png31xEviVUSWAkqleqDYIQ42RTsszHivlgW-OdqZfkR1TVSb4K1Hj8PA4xIS34EM9Q0wBUOkWNj5Yp3FVIUURti7zVsROpXCpiusxny-rZ4wl-_d1h17f0Oqu4vqSEU/s320/CRAB-SCALPEL.png" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjgzlN25k83jFDQUuqfybo9_eFixkGeRgGXpjGUe6ULAnUiWiss6-BgNGrXk7xdYL8X5YO4-18CVxTv-_nxCHKEaUc65NdN6eLA1tqdJgMj69qqncjUQUbC-XKp54VVlDIs6PK_MEqZ99x/s1600/buck+3-63a1c4343d.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjgzlN25k83jFDQUuqfybo9_eFixkGeRgGXpjGUe6ULAnUiWiss6-BgNGrXk7xdYL8X5YO4-18CVxTv-_nxCHKEaUc65NdN6eLA1tqdJgMj69qqncjUQUbC-XKp54VVlDIs6PK_MEqZ99x/s320/buck+3-63a1c4343d.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQxbUIUJJM1IVdz40WVPeZI-2eUnw-XLDXoq7NYbn8vKZz2KVsOC4r_sAC3EiV7YKzzVHi6fXYjCMrx1FdK2litaR-qBzq1xd1aLtisLTcEPlywjCHox0_Jmwc6zsbAMRGtHtzOdTX2cKT/s1600/buck+4-c7ab2e92c9.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQxbUIUJJM1IVdz40WVPeZI-2eUnw-XLDXoq7NYbn8vKZz2KVsOC4r_sAC3EiV7YKzzVHi6fXYjCMrx1FdK2litaR-qBzq1xd1aLtisLTcEPlywjCHox0_Jmwc6zsbAMRGtHtzOdTX2cKT/s320/buck+4-c7ab2e92c9.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgty4UJ0q0kDYeNiX9B1-NIynTahP1PiNSVUsWNOXfQzmUO3833GZLb-xvYpPFIyyy4-6wg8gtJFsmlKDR5cE3NEA3-dE0fOrHferrknFSc5icLFjEZkvZQzr4_zeLCect9S7oJk83PjY0K/s1600/buck5+5-38fcd967ec.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgty4UJ0q0kDYeNiX9B1-NIynTahP1PiNSVUsWNOXfQzmUO3833GZLb-xvYpPFIyyy4-6wg8gtJFsmlKDR5cE3NEA3-dE0fOrHferrknFSc5icLFjEZkvZQzr4_zeLCect9S7oJk83PjY0K/s320/buck5+5-38fcd967ec.jpg" /></a>
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
t a Comment On: Ohio Archaeology Blog
"DON CRABTREE AT THE OHS LITHIC LABORATORY"
No comments yet. - Hide Original Post
[Image] H. Holmes Ellis, Research Assistant at the Ohio Historical Society's Lithic Laboratory for the Eastern United States, in his annual report of the Lab's activities for "the year April, 1941 -- April, 1942, described one of their most important achievements for the year:
[Image]"The Lithic Laboratory discovered a remarkably able flint chipper, Don E. Crabtree of Twin Falls, Idaho, and acquired his services for two months in the early summer of 1941. Mr. Crabtree, during his stay in Columbus, contributed largely to the rediscovering of two elusive 'lost arts,' Folsom fluting and the manufacture of flake knives. Achieving either one of these difficult techniques would have been worth his trip east; we had not hoped for both successes."
[Image]Don Crabtree would go on to become the "Dean of American Flintknapping." His 1972 publication An Introduction to Flintworking, is still a useful reference for anyone who wants to understand what is involved in making stone tools.
Crabtree taught many archaeologists, including my mentor, the late Rob Bonnichsen, the art of flintknapping. Rob tried to pass some of that knowledge along to me in a lithic technology workshop, but I am afraid I never got much beyond the Acheulean stage of craftsmanship. Nevertheless, the insights I did manage to glean from knocking rocks together have helped me immeasurably in my understanding of ancient stone tools.
Don Crabtree and the OHS Lithic Laboratory were pioneers in bringing those valuable insights to the attention of the discipline of archaeology.
[Image]
Brad Lepper
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9r-Z7UF6KVdTaSKmrvOj2eGlNes8MOXR4zlHfFYWT4OIXh-Rx8YB6pbO4DhSMmwUEwEeQn6L2jwzBmFK2IfZZeMMMrLmA30WFOrf6QOHwfL7BC37kCZQd6Bi4-BFZlpW-ML0rfg1017Bm/s1600/Lithic+Lab+2.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9r-Z7UF6KVdTaSKmrvOj2eGlNes8MOXR4zlHfFYWT4OIXh-Rx8YB6pbO4DhSMmwUEwEeQn6L2jwzBmFK2IfZZeMMMrLmA30WFOrf6QOHwfL7BC37kCZQd6Bi4-BFZlpW-ML0rfg1017Bm/s320/Lithic+Lab+2.jpg" /></a>
posted by Brad Lepper at 10:25 AM on Apr 4, 2013
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEXrcYLdBK4TihZ5DVXCbe-Ul72MBJYR6HPNeq0x8k1dJrydErV3ydSyXoq6VI0798InlKXAkEyvWPXlAotiG843DQ9x8BnDG6anyAOzFmQ5aJRIJKhjVJQnqP_6atCHwx3bQxHk8UQBsQ/s1600/Crabtree+1.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEXrcYLdBK4TihZ5DVXCbe-Ul72MBJYR6HPNeq0x8k1dJrydErV3ydSyXoq6VI0798InlKXAkEyvWPXlAotiG843DQ9x8BnDG6anyAOzFmQ5aJRIJKhjVJQnqP_6atCHwx3bQxHk8UQBsQ/s320/Crabtree+1.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXJlma8UPC8X2AtpmJIS6E_1ngsAmAJRer4gfEP29y6HmGpyq0TV9kc6hmLdR2BmrhGX_6rHuS324ZHTgo9rnu9q4DVLzl6eCCoKPyYhNAWhIxAJF7O0UBShC2WTU2Q1jlxvKrEXLzI3TP/s1600/CRABTREE+YOUNG+Lithic+Lab+1.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXJlma8UPC8X2AtpmJIS6E_1ngsAmAJRer4gfEP29y6HmGpyq0TV9kc6hmLdR2BmrhGX_6rHuS324ZHTgo9rnu9q4DVLzl6eCCoKPyYhNAWhIxAJF7O0UBShC2WTU2Q1jlxvKrEXLzI3TP/s320/CRABTREE+YOUNG+Lithic+Lab+1.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo2wmkbH1fPI9CiJ5jreWThXts8SpAXxG8MIZcBY1BrUYicTH1y8WFNNG5Q0xbDcaWgRex5nHTYDUmrwDc3A4ClnWIqveqAjuGvAA_q5LHgR9P6qJC1L9lL8uA0fQAemcrJgfkbpDoMPH-/s1600/Crabtree%2520DVD.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo2wmkbH1fPI9CiJ5jreWThXts8SpAXxG8MIZcBY1BrUYicTH1y8WFNNG5Q0xbDcaWgRex5nHTYDUmrwDc3A4ClnWIqveqAjuGvAA_q5LHgR9P6qJC1L9lL8uA0fQAemcrJgfkbpDoMPH-/s320/Crabtree%2520DVD.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqTf8Wc_rk_vXJRWw9JYAISjUBdgeMBBovIRsefj8KA0MJa-KngIZT-ayGb0yQRn_4HwfGSUUZK0cD21oOEb6YRMQRoaaq5GbQFvHRJSEaW3HK5l3AQot1Mz1-26jzknz4JC-MIwQbLWKW/s1600/Lithic+Lab+3.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqTf8Wc_rk_vXJRWw9JYAISjUBdgeMBBovIRsefj8KA0MJa-KngIZT-ayGb0yQRn_4HwfGSUUZK0cD21oOEb6YRMQRoaaq5GbQFvHRJSEaW3HK5l3AQot1Mz1-26jzknz4JC-MIwQbLWKW/s320/Lithic+Lab+3.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpMz77CRjdXM6bFQCIwntbtY4EN7bP19brBjwJSLLlryw5KfXB-ROHkkylNFgwmx7JhWi66SPSMgeRAbkh7KYibcFEUO6-5FCRDh8KyVbaL4AEzTVcSeV99xm6oaplx7_wkmP_iUp6gkej/s1600/earlyknappers.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpMz77CRjdXM6bFQCIwntbtY4EN7bP19brBjwJSLLlryw5KfXB-ROHkkylNFgwmx7JhWi66SPSMgeRAbkh7KYibcFEUO6-5FCRDh8KyVbaL4AEzTVcSeV99xm6oaplx7_wkmP_iUp6gkej/s320/earlyknappers.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3EPt2mnaJSRBEmfDbIooxyP00luQUcuWTO1yNE3-hr_Etig3HVQl-jj8YDSkfzDBSQ_uWUetyI7oFNiiFlMxUFrmmbrgEiEHJ_T2aRf9ft6sXMe5_17HJUpus4fUR12DjOH2Do4DrwNyz/s1600/Lithic+Lab+stationary.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3EPt2mnaJSRBEmfDbIooxyP00luQUcuWTO1yNE3-hr_Etig3HVQl-jj8YDSkfzDBSQ_uWUetyI7oFNiiFlMxUFrmmbrgEiEHJ_T2aRf9ft6sXMe5_17HJUpus4fUR12DjOH2Do4DrwNyz/s320/Lithic+Lab+stationary.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkEM6lnSYhtCFYayf4yFol9iDKNbqOagYm3bqVplJg6zEvVF2L907Sv5MGvV3-hwOZiab7O6utSKEDWjuFiKJQc3_z_Vd4WRykysk7E44oIl2nJ6K4UTPV9cHnbA3ei-EK1F2YL69xnXOY/s1600/Lithic+Lab+3.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkEM6lnSYhtCFYayf4yFol9iDKNbqOagYm3bqVplJg6zEvVF2L907Sv5MGvV3-hwOZiab7O6utSKEDWjuFiKJQc3_z_Vd4WRykysk7E44oIl2nJ6K4UTPV9cHnbA3ei-EK1F2YL69xnXOY/s640/Lithic+Lab+3.jpg" width="640" /></a>
THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-31394132306347411122013-04-26T12:27:00.000-07:002013-04-26T12:27:50.938-07:00HUGO NAMI. FLINTKNAPPER <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqTLXHdAAR2GnNX4kXRkbbxhthUgDd9tGqZflesin2c83TynvDAQacpN9Xmvv_Hf9iRdeFXdCXm7s4XxS0Kurfi2ffU6EiF9SoVvtherpExAkW8aoZ9YqDpcbig6DJy5xO3k0ndkTvBTJD/s1600/HUGO+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqTLXHdAAR2GnNX4kXRkbbxhthUgDd9tGqZflesin2c83TynvDAQacpN9Xmvv_Hf9iRdeFXdCXm7s4XxS0Kurfi2ffU6EiF9SoVvtherpExAkW8aoZ9YqDpcbig6DJy5xO3k0ndkTvBTJD/s320/HUGO+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hugo Nami making experimental site in Northern Peninsula Mitre, Terra Del Fuego 1985.<br />
Photo by: Thomas Clemens.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHugA7pXx_XiLSBtgmxqa62YPWe9-3ovHqKP1eeLm7fYIk02Dd4xHdXcPOcuxX5jbthPctDdW-tl3cD8-qKDFL7-g056H78R8sE8MabOeF2oX1A8HFZ3Zie05-8BWsnzbzhyphenhyphene3RhsXZfNE/s1600/Hugo+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHugA7pXx_XiLSBtgmxqa62YPWe9-3ovHqKP1eeLm7fYIk02Dd4xHdXcPOcuxX5jbthPctDdW-tl3cD8-qKDFL7-g056H78R8sE8MabOeF2oX1A8HFZ3Zie05-8BWsnzbzhyphenhyphene3RhsXZfNE/s640/Hugo+4.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hugo Nami making experimental site in Northern Peninsula Mitre, Terra Del Fuego 1985.<br />
Photo by: Thomas Clemens</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSgo7tGKbxzWxMKdFg62s7TM5xsNNZKfNkL93EUqLlwSDu9fQ1v0Rb7AQk-5ypNNF8a_jqzCjnnAFV4rZ88kuvWjMeeTwgSLwqLiisrh-584z8Str6k3xzW2WzcxfGRfbZzWBOZX-QLcke/s1600/HUGO+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSgo7tGKbxzWxMKdFg62s7TM5xsNNZKfNkL93EUqLlwSDu9fQ1v0Rb7AQk-5ypNNF8a_jqzCjnnAFV4rZ88kuvWjMeeTwgSLwqLiisrh-584z8Str6k3xzW2WzcxfGRfbZzWBOZX-QLcke/s320/HUGO+3.jpg" width="246" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Hugo Nami making experimental site in Northern Peninsula Mitre, Terra Del Fuego 1985.<br />
Photo by: Thomas Clemens<br />
<br />
Archaeologist, researcher; Born: 1957
Location: Lomas del Mirador
Country: Argentina
Professor of Archaeology.
Buenos Aires , Argentina.
Hugo came to the USA in the 1980s and studied with<strong> Errett Callahan </strong>an American archaeologist, flintknapper, and pioneer in the fields of experimental archaeology and lithic replication studies. Hugo worked for the Smithsonian Museum for a time.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS70Y9Ua-fD2muBSGH_8X4AsO9TN5PWeLxeHjvCG-QAjRVOoMjio1RIG1pI5cu-fSms8TFzNobkn-XAifDSLzquW_T-wsPbpOTTxC-GmzW1ClhWg7Mkf-oTqeJP3jBisVG80k0fMStXenT/s1600/HUGO+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS70Y9Ua-fD2muBSGH_8X4AsO9TN5PWeLxeHjvCG-QAjRVOoMjio1RIG1pI5cu-fSms8TFzNobkn-XAifDSLzquW_T-wsPbpOTTxC-GmzW1ClhWg7Mkf-oTqeJP3jBisVG80k0fMStXenT/s320/HUGO+5.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Coffee break in Chile, excavation 1986 HUGO NAMI </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDLoFzlK-81uN0L290xPFsdkUTcMU2Y9uJRivkJz710wL8hZEPv6CC4xGAuxwGvJwLg5gGV41fZDWtrFQHyQhBnDl15nSrv2Ecj4SjabxtuVh48c5aliBIqMM4MYqwVXx7FIEEuoAFMmwi/s1600/HUGO+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDLoFzlK-81uN0L290xPFsdkUTcMU2Y9uJRivkJz710wL8hZEPv6CC4xGAuxwGvJwLg5gGV41fZDWtrFQHyQhBnDl15nSrv2Ecj4SjabxtuVh48c5aliBIqMM4MYqwVXx7FIEEuoAFMmwi/s320/HUGO+6.jpg" width="230" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Nami also worked closely with wilderness expert,<strong> Joe Dabill</strong> and Dr. <strong>Robson</strong> <strong>Bonnichsen,</strong> Director, Center for the Study of the First Americans and Professor of Anthropology, Oregon State University.
Hugo has written hundreds of books and papers on Archaeology
and flintknapping. And has had dozens of knapping students in Argentina. Hugi is a Karate expert and blackbelt.
<br />
as
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAEHzk9CHxU9eSg1NwyK7onKDXewKNYEHo00Pdjgu43PrJDGwK8BfuA2GdfxyI5663ucUQkI1emI6lvFyJiOSNDFKcRfQToLXPeSU_mItCark3Jjb_hrnu0r-7Q5tm-OSNFRZUEQnqyTnA/s1600/11-1ec4cfae5c.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAEHzk9CHxU9eSg1NwyK7onKDXewKNYEHo00Pdjgu43PrJDGwK8BfuA2GdfxyI5663ucUQkI1emI6lvFyJiOSNDFKcRfQToLXPeSU_mItCark3Jjb_hrnu0r-7Q5tm-OSNFRZUEQnqyTnA/s640/11-1ec4cfae5c.jpg" width="628" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-XUhDJ5-eXQohxmn4yfblh8GnLv5jICEVO76JVkqIkx0lhWn8mEDlGrkSsmZIkYMDSSFy9kkJCLLIuMASJtlGKZyRGlXsL-ZLqVQkiC2o-SBPfldGuoQIEOUyRWpeHiqvCqk6jkthghXv/s1600/HUGO%2520NAMI%2520%2520CH.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-XUhDJ5-eXQohxmn4yfblh8GnLv5jICEVO76JVkqIkx0lhWn8mEDlGrkSsmZIkYMDSSFy9kkJCLLIuMASJtlGKZyRGlXsL-ZLqVQkiC2o-SBPfldGuoQIEOUyRWpeHiqvCqk6jkthghXv/s320/HUGO%2520NAMI%2520%2520CH.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXu6Q6IO5FDdvi7-0DpoIG9ekTBCZ9atZH7uDk0Rq8DwDh0Pz9CSSiPm5JpE0cFmNjk2DHoZBN7pRX8B4dnYwbYoy2MXNBlqzysTyuFA7qHM5xPQ0IeTGCod56bT2sotQm7IB-FTbsqwPA/s1600/HUGO%2520Y%2520YO%2520EN%2520DC%2520CH.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXu6Q6IO5FDdvi7-0DpoIG9ekTBCZ9atZH7uDk0Rq8DwDh0Pz9CSSiPm5JpE0cFmNjk2DHoZBN7pRX8B4dnYwbYoy2MXNBlqzysTyuFA7qHM5xPQ0IeTGCod56bT2sotQm7IB-FTbsqwPA/s320/HUGO%2520Y%2520YO%2520EN%2520DC%2520CH.jpg" /></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTgs56z3aqQiod7T2Rl_2YW-4VsoEXABFM4NZ1OAJxzACJGsSYpiXWGlmnfvkltOO_VJnfRwZnWZwBbKD4swLZQL0LaYIcT93cm2LhMqVQvtUoTnTohzQsvYb5V8cmBoowDXIFHZJouq7O/s1600/joe+23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTgs56z3aqQiod7T2Rl_2YW-4VsoEXABFM4NZ1OAJxzACJGsSYpiXWGlmnfvkltOO_VJnfRwZnWZwBbKD4swLZQL0LaYIcT93cm2LhMqVQvtUoTnTohzQsvYb5V8cmBoowDXIFHZJouq7O/s320/joe+23.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hugo studied with Joe Dabill</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrkMdZC03VNTN_aADonPflEdVc2Mfv4CunFumk2yTNczcW-FDNCsqQuOtFTfmLKtHxVhyphenhyphenCFzl03wyxnkAbt4tWDp9vEy3Ju_7_XSuWelf2TTZ278H321OqnKprySl7nsuiG9RcVKO2SNmu/s1600/callahan_2009_990x768.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrkMdZC03VNTN_aADonPflEdVc2Mfv4CunFumk2yTNczcW-FDNCsqQuOtFTfmLKtHxVhyphenhyphenCFzl03wyxnkAbt4tWDp9vEy3Ju_7_XSuWelf2TTZ278H321OqnKprySl7nsuiG9RcVKO2SNmu/s320/callahan_2009_990x768.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hugo studied with Callahan.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimQoNomKJTxrPxGQsB5zbc1cV3D5wUW2Zf4FjdsSVOEzKrZ_e6brsQ4uxhlqwt1UyUwRs9b47AceLq7e6zvet2Dbhp3mxfjusD9PvBr8_B4Jzdwr-psvzRPTnRpkP8GpOjjkIhpaxc1SXT/s1600/ROBSON.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimQoNomKJTxrPxGQsB5zbc1cV3D5wUW2Zf4FjdsSVOEzKrZ_e6brsQ4uxhlqwt1UyUwRs9b47AceLq7e6zvet2Dbhp3mxfjusD9PvBr8_B4Jzdwr-psvzRPTnRpkP8GpOjjkIhpaxc1SXT/s640/ROBSON.jpg" width="446" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Robson Bonnichsen. La Plaza Museum. March 24th, 1988 photo by Hugo Nami<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-91273847344618219382013-04-26T05:43:00.000-07:002013-04-26T05:43:48.560-07:00ED MOSHER. FLINTKNAPPER <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1CNGO6ji2jfoklbeUG08_cnYxf_96u0UjJFMNgp1wF8m0p6iTL7uKOO29nS-eDE3jd8NOsqfDj07iiSr61wPSLnrY0j4v7I8-cvSiAvBx4T9fhmFvYXDZhyphenhypheneUxwFvTNQh9QsPoukmr3MN/s1600/424620_3090529537912_1900364816_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1CNGO6ji2jfoklbeUG08_cnYxf_96u0UjJFMNgp1wF8m0p6iTL7uKOO29nS-eDE3jd8NOsqfDj07iiSr61wPSLnrY0j4v7I8-cvSiAvBx4T9fhmFvYXDZhyphenhypheneUxwFvTNQh9QsPoukmr3MN/s320/424620_3090529537912_1900364816_n.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhre4W8E19eK-suh6G2pkhp2img9czzP43BB6oENkXv-C7tqtVGNGDSkAw2Y7wGEwlcX4yWs0fXFY2eEk6Sh0kHKmVIhO6cXtVjS2U047C2ngiXJtx_XD4SNJTHj125qEVZyaGjyixC7TDC/s1600/420357_235109426580294_683610462_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhre4W8E19eK-suh6G2pkhp2img9czzP43BB6oENkXv-C7tqtVGNGDSkAw2Y7wGEwlcX4yWs0fXFY2eEk6Sh0kHKmVIhO6cXtVjS2U047C2ngiXJtx_XD4SNJTHj125qEVZyaGjyixC7TDC/s320/420357_235109426580294_683610462_n.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8vy3nk_C2WDGv4v053T2Ig8LwXKfHBr0fljopUzLNuoblPSOjRDuDgRwJAD5pofu3vYTFLvWDwN-hSHQf6vzLk3OpOZ6APGFCPGhq8LKsfqqEjOem3xbrsfXm_GTErfje2WPfNyOAobQ/s1600/418428_228906633867240_594928694_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8vy3nk_C2WDGv4v053T2Ig8LwXKfHBr0fljopUzLNuoblPSOjRDuDgRwJAD5pofu3vYTFLvWDwN-hSHQf6vzLk3OpOZ6APGFCPGhq8LKsfqqEjOem3xbrsfXm_GTErfje2WPfNyOAobQ/s320/418428_228906633867240_594928694_n.jpg" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg87cIpzs8Hub3SF9Gx0asZnSOB4_J4VqU2zO0lDoK7ZLJ6anjvOELteqzS6cec5FZik_tuFAEusoWVmGI_4lHUkJHbZ2yzrnRaPsy8pdlLpb728wS7RUNOb2doTomWp0BGWC9n3Mez4kYI/s1600/248487_490020994342066_1348974998_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg87cIpzs8Hub3SF9Gx0asZnSOB4_J4VqU2zO0lDoK7ZLJ6anjvOELteqzS6cec5FZik_tuFAEusoWVmGI_4lHUkJHbZ2yzrnRaPsy8pdlLpb728wS7RUNOb2doTomWp0BGWC9n3Mez4kYI/s320/248487_490020994342066_1348974998_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFPW_is2vvUZpAMVrSvfIMLy9ZUE9JU07LxV1ElnzUxS_GioWVka3ieqGtRlS3cD1NfOgtzCUALxGBsm0n6tf5ryJp23uVDFUzlNq8xTl96F-wP6dOML1mG2xoGUxa85gvQTFVsE5L379o/s1600/735200_399256066832295_1201555312_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFPW_is2vvUZpAMVrSvfIMLy9ZUE9JU07LxV1ElnzUxS_GioWVka3ieqGtRlS3cD1NfOgtzCUALxGBsm0n6tf5ryJp23uVDFUzlNq8xTl96F-wP6dOML1mG2xoGUxa85gvQTFVsE5L379o/s320/735200_399256066832295_1201555312_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK8gi4_1HXTM3cZIoBBzgrCj8qHCCj8K3i-gyfW_W7ixnFyJuh9nc5RpgltK5XeMK7BgiglXHKhyKwg4ujbyCYRHXDEoJnqThZ1BMhiYDAXbVmkJhyJG_zbAQbd8NKPbEkPKzkaBDmGLy6/s1600/556323_529393857070659_1592005210_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK8gi4_1HXTM3cZIoBBzgrCj8qHCCj8K3i-gyfW_W7ixnFyJuh9nc5RpgltK5XeMK7BgiglXHKhyKwg4ujbyCYRHXDEoJnqThZ1BMhiYDAXbVmkJhyJG_zbAQbd8NKPbEkPKzkaBDmGLy6/s320/556323_529393857070659_1592005210_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0uApwhTNZcitkBz09q-Xrd7xwTw8GLhSU0-c38oV_HlYEqkyg18qfF_3jn8YBkBdU9Ubui2TvtHmLsox9vnlGUn2l7LxCiui3jJtJaeYWm-n-9sBckeo5xGUcizpDZ8drREROwT6o8huE/s1600/77127_583092615034116_1152654405_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0uApwhTNZcitkBz09q-Xrd7xwTw8GLhSU0-c38oV_HlYEqkyg18qfF_3jn8YBkBdU9Ubui2TvtHmLsox9vnlGUn2l7LxCiui3jJtJaeYWm-n-9sBckeo5xGUcizpDZ8drREROwT6o8huE/s320/77127_583092615034116_1152654405_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW-264sAXPzRFm5fDt-tQIXD6HkxM5ExPj7wBUveuMo7WFwKa6bTteLkU9Su_9TWykwfG6vIw72FDGJXAfwIMlByviEB0G7QZkVq6ATIr5SwOXxQCX-Zq1UwVMnP8QJDm5pvbpy4t0UwdZ/s1600/18316_511889348821110_982773454_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW-264sAXPzRFm5fDt-tQIXD6HkxM5ExPj7wBUveuMo7WFwKa6bTteLkU9Su_9TWykwfG6vIw72FDGJXAfwIMlByviEB0G7QZkVq6ATIr5SwOXxQCX-Zq1UwVMnP8QJDm5pvbpy4t0UwdZ/s320/18316_511889348821110_982773454_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiizY4kOnj4UgkIOs4IdEDL16JgXHGi-EuKz6IjGFVV-RzOMRQ1rZoA-gnyW_Qha6hF7LWhM_VEGYYujBB68vA6es4U3yIpLIsDpvsJIQ51XfvQdews8Vi0QZPQH2ob8TPfbRhkXT08CIEf/s1600/486113_570731166270261_1972517560_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiizY4kOnj4UgkIOs4IdEDL16JgXHGi-EuKz6IjGFVV-RzOMRQ1rZoA-gnyW_Qha6hF7LWhM_VEGYYujBB68vA6es4U3yIpLIsDpvsJIQ51XfvQdews8Vi0QZPQH2ob8TPfbRhkXT08CIEf/s320/486113_570731166270261_1972517560_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Both of my Grandparents had an artifact collections.I found my first arrowheads when I was 5. I chipped my first arrowhead when I was in the 4 grade. I used a nail in a handle and a railroad spike as a hammer.We don't have any knappable material where I live close so I used small flakes that I found in the fields.
When I was in high school I found DC Wldorf's book on flintknapping. It Took off The bug bit me hard. In 1988 I meet Jeff Pig and Dan Lincoln at a show that I was knapping at.They gave my a few pointers and some larger chert.
I attended my first knapp-in in 1989 at the Jeff Pig farm. I have been hitting it hard ever since.
I like to swing large antler. I realy like to make large percussion points.Though I love a challenge.I have been known to make eccentrics,fluted points,Danish daggers and now working on learning fog work.
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuvbsOSuHBIwqaSlj9BcA5HK0V5XSlWNoReUFsFIAeVTKtuNauB8pvPo_irH-BCnwWRNudmUBo5KSu99tpMeNRUpbj0rq7UiU9uN8WGknm9iDJEuylyW94nYPIcj49EuBbkTMTgsnnP78y/s1600/155067_402677796490122_1616136441_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuvbsOSuHBIwqaSlj9BcA5HK0V5XSlWNoReUFsFIAeVTKtuNauB8pvPo_irH-BCnwWRNudmUBo5KSu99tpMeNRUpbj0rq7UiU9uN8WGknm9iDJEuylyW94nYPIcj49EuBbkTMTgsnnP78y/s320/155067_402677796490122_1616136441_n.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUJwV3Ycnddsz2FcS7VERfcdw6wwqTaBNS7wi1aw2vgk0TK4Mnt8O-WTF0EWHrRiiE8Cf52OJWPxx3JnZuuPk4Ap5s0_wpo-ezMbgy8VrjeTsa4qx8_zpzqP6PVXSeZEBRZ6UEwL95ndXf/s1600/184780_396798763744692_1406788281_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUJwV3Ycnddsz2FcS7VERfcdw6wwqTaBNS7wi1aw2vgk0TK4Mnt8O-WTF0EWHrRiiE8Cf52OJWPxx3JnZuuPk4Ap5s0_wpo-ezMbgy8VrjeTsa4qx8_zpzqP6PVXSeZEBRZ6UEwL95ndXf/s320/184780_396798763744692_1406788281_n.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqTs1yk7FNeRyL1VeIK65tzYq0tdubrQsYDeL-XRBpqNYxbzDtkDxBQQKLzrbvv01KjdoHpdR7AxOASYtwEuGZ1-8_OfFVgMkRVPMNDwAQjH25-ze_194mkQJsSJqjshptcZHqajG5DiWa/s1600/73567_403147639776471_695402678_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqTs1yk7FNeRyL1VeIK65tzYq0tdubrQsYDeL-XRBpqNYxbzDtkDxBQQKLzrbvv01KjdoHpdR7AxOASYtwEuGZ1-8_OfFVgMkRVPMNDwAQjH25-ze_194mkQJsSJqjshptcZHqajG5DiWa/s320/73567_403147639776471_695402678_n.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYCTaaod4wpOJh3-M_XxdBO7dYJvRhYvAFFSxi79gMiYfZngVjgwNKwgQJtZTA8crzgcuxS7n96Yf-ilwR9HelMqxhv2BGTEdnq5X4Qpw5tUBUtYP1nf1pap8HcjY8je02r8_HLxRI3lYA/s1600/422231_470922962963885_1828893655_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYCTaaod4wpOJh3-M_XxdBO7dYJvRhYvAFFSxi79gMiYfZngVjgwNKwgQJtZTA8crzgcuxS7n96Yf-ilwR9HelMqxhv2BGTEdnq5X4Qpw5tUBUtYP1nf1pap8HcjY8je02r8_HLxRI3lYA/s320/422231_470922962963885_1828893655_n.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd0Vj5xEVcLseWPgxpxlh3mzKcIwWkhcFGCRKSjD56-udzeTQuAWgwRsuhs7FgKr_i397QGVhLx-4JIAg2o6c5eBrE3ZGuVeFpTQRoFTRA74_VbxNj_EpNuHp-h5BBS4JgTBbD3DO0ikp2/s1600/418428_228906633867240_594928694_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd0Vj5xEVcLseWPgxpxlh3mzKcIwWkhcFGCRKSjD56-udzeTQuAWgwRsuhs7FgKr_i397QGVhLx-4JIAg2o6c5eBrE3ZGuVeFpTQRoFTRA74_VbxNj_EpNuHp-h5BBS4JgTBbD3DO0ikp2/s320/418428_228906633867240_594928694_n.jpg" /></a>
The International Flintknappers ‘ Hall of Fame and Museum is encouraging individuals of all ages to “Be A Superior Example,” through a new education program as part of a new curriculum to promote healthy habits, while encouraging everyone to live free of drugs and other such substances or vices. It serves as the central point for the study of the history of flintknapping in the United States and beyond, displays flintknapping-related artifacts and exhibits, and honors those who have excelled in the craft, research/ writing, promoting events, and serving the knapping community in an ethical manner.
THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-14181623629041769242013-04-26T05:39:00.000-07:002013-04-26T05:39:23.485-07:00Grog Verbeck is a professionally trained chef / Flintknapper <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHoUBVWDpPPvk9NiriJhTkLbEpQcgQdQeKUAvoPff9I7MH_0CXS-3EpfViADG5b5EXoz3W4oQHmyue5BQsLWYFO508tn66XXiCpvu6Zy9LT0b6FRPUWrHr9ihUmxrtIOGhdhuHVg-GzD9G/s1600/GLAartistphotoCropped+(Large).tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHoUBVWDpPPvk9NiriJhTkLbEpQcgQdQeKUAvoPff9I7MH_0CXS-3EpfViADG5b5EXoz3W4oQHmyue5BQsLWYFO508tn66XXiCpvu6Zy9LT0b6FRPUWrHr9ihUmxrtIOGhdhuHVg-GzD9G/s320/GLAartistphotoCropped+(Large).tif" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
<b><u>Artist Bio</u></b></div>
<br />
<div _yuid="yui_3_1_1_2_136102111689790" class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
Grog Verbeck
was raised in the small town of Staatsburg, on the great Hudson River in New
York. He is descendant of the Osage and of Cherokee tribe by way of his
mother’s great grandmother, a full-blooded Cherokee. Since Grog was a young boy
he had an interest in indian artifacts and life skills including bow hunting,
tanning and firestarting. In college he pursued Native American studies and new
world archaeology. He made his first arrowhead as a boy and has been addicted
to flintknapping as an art for nearly ten years.</div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
</div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
Grog Verbeck is a professionally trained chef by
trade and runs a private chef service, <a href="http://www.heychef.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.HeyChef.com</a>, in Lake Tahoe, California.
Together with his wife and children, he travels between his home in the Sierra
mountains and at the seaside in a remote bay in Southeast Alaska. In both parts
of the world he spends his time knapping in his studio, the peaceful and
ever-providing Mother Nature.</div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
</div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
</div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
<b><u>Artist Statement</u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
</div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
I love this art because it is a common link
between all peoples of all times of all continents. It’s the one thing all our
ancestors created in order to survive. This is not so with all tools and
survival techniques based on the geographical region of the people, but with
stone tools there is no exception. We all made them and used them, as a matter
of survival.</div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
This primitive skill, in its truest form, is a
dying art. It has recently seen a surge in popularity, but in all the world
there are very few people alive today who can create a stone point without the
use of power tools. This ancient art illustrates the very nature of survival of
all people and we will have lost a truly critical elemental art form if the
tradition is not carried on.</div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
I want my sculptures to show people the very
root of our survival. This craft requires complete attention and has become a
form of meditation for me. It keeps me in touch with the natural world that
surrounds me and when I’m working I feel able to peer into ancient minds and
bridge another time. It gives me answers and ties me to my past.</div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold", "sans-serif";"> </span></div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
<u><span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold", "sans-serif";">Quote:</span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold", "sans-serif";">From eye, through
mind, with hand, into line, it spills out on paper.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="yiv1423811133MsoNormal" style="line-height: 111%; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold", "sans-serif";">From ear, through
mind, with hands, a tool spills itself out of the rock.</span></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghgQ2gWCsF5bBeJqgmLkOMQkrBn8AHnZUVKg1xdmNIfL2GqdxNY9GSj9omqJsqrWvJyPuQMr63eO2S4343uJlsPCCJx8R0oqs6Xu0ETrpCFeik9kNTeJ5pt6o4jO_QU7qlMF8ZQNLDaEd2/s1600-h/grog+3"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319503764738067938" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghgQ2gWCsF5bBeJqgmLkOMQkrBn8AHnZUVKg1xdmNIfL2GqdxNY9GSj9omqJsqrWvJyPuQMr63eO2S4343uJlsPCCJx8R0oqs6Xu0ETrpCFeik9kNTeJ5pt6o4jO_QU7qlMF8ZQNLDaEd2/s400/grog+3" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Za4u97H8KEpwh0urjUMY3Gbax6RIAEtZt7gw3RbOUZXYHSsjuz0h0-Pr8OxOp27KXaHloXUyLelX9MK1jTzCaLC2UTI87e1neGuCzsD3zdQYVhAkr_ETT_IZpZY-EShgSOTBgLblSqy_/s1600-h/grog+5"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319503763628140418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Za4u97H8KEpwh0urjUMY3Gbax6RIAEtZt7gw3RbOUZXYHSsjuz0h0-Pr8OxOp27KXaHloXUyLelX9MK1jTzCaLC2UTI87e1neGuCzsD3zdQYVhAkr_ETT_IZpZY-EShgSOTBgLblSqy_/s400/grog+5" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdcESLhGGLqA9wfNYNLBO_62ic_dh8ORMUtZhFGo2EQGt9YsmCyOSaRV3RVqAtsXBaIrVPkEy2bFWicdpwYL79soILJoprEKZ0tyW27TucVSpMt_F4bu1FzLztsps6hnhZi9iCG11JZWze/s1600-h/grog+4"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319503765826354738" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdcESLhGGLqA9wfNYNLBO_62ic_dh8ORMUtZhFGo2EQGt9YsmCyOSaRV3RVqAtsXBaIrVPkEy2bFWicdpwYL79soILJoprEKZ0tyW27TucVSpMt_F4bu1FzLztsps6hnhZi9iCG11JZWze/s400/grog+4" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 300px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEudsrvtL_gdUMt2FGOEIO2r-ooSQ38_1xKX_B3Bty_I0zeZs7Xe-b7_G1qB9kQz6S1V8loM7KFdV_GlmtMEmiyqAA39m3_ckWXxx98gPFHq992q0DAP_VV7yX1MjepsvRHRQeCnLMMixi/s1600-h/brog+2"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319503762680125474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEudsrvtL_gdUMt2FGOEIO2r-ooSQ38_1xKX_B3Bty_I0zeZs7Xe-b7_G1qB9kQz6S1V8loM7KFdV_GlmtMEmiyqAA39m3_ckWXxx98gPFHq992q0DAP_VV7yX1MjepsvRHRQeCnLMMixi/s400/brog+2" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHWd46kBquOmzDe4ESQTj5Gc-RgwF_cDbBBs5lBLvkcYPu3om7CCWk6JY6OZvRQvoW8XSFY3xHBg1o8FI9ZGA1NSxjDalNsn26rFOPqWtvypfYL-a4xb1_nlzaOE7PCTsuSEuUndhiO533/s1600-h/Brog+1"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319503509919261074" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHWd46kBquOmzDe4ESQTj5Gc-RgwF_cDbBBs5lBLvkcYPu3om7CCWk6JY6OZvRQvoW8XSFY3xHBg1o8FI9ZGA1NSxjDalNsn26rFOPqWtvypfYL-a4xb1_nlzaOE7PCTsuSEuUndhiO533/s400/Brog+1" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 300px;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
As many of my blog readers know, I am writing a series called “big blade blogs”, I have covered Theodore Orcutt, Emory Coons, Cole Hurst and know, Grog Verbeck. Although my fellow Bakersfieldians were acquainted with Grog, I having been out of the loop for quite some time, had never heard of him. It was quite serendipitous; I was on a trip to Anza Borrego desert with my eldest son James , he was returning home to U.C. Davis and gave me ride to a knap in near Sacramento on the way. There in the center ring was Grog Verbeck knapping out very large, monster bifaces. Grog is a long time student of the master knapper, Greg Ratzat of Neolithics fame, in fact he cooks for the class up at Glass Buttes. <br />
<br />
According to “Gogslithicart.com: Grog Verbeck was raised in the small town of Staatsburg, on the great Hudson River in New York. He is descendant of the Cherokee tribe by way of his mother's full-blooded great grandmother and his great uncle served on the Osage tribal council. Since Grog was a young boy he had an interest in Indian artifacts and life skills including bow hunting, tanning and fire starting. In college he pursued Native American studies and new world archaeology. He made his first arrowhead as a boy and has been addicted to flintknapping as an art for nearly ten years.” Grog knaps boulders and spalls and an occasional giant slab. Grog obtains his lithic material from the glass buttes area of Oregon with his long time friend and mentor, Greg Ratzat. <br />
<br />
<br />
Links:<br />
Grog Flintknapping video:<br />
<br />
http://picasaweb.google.com/jharwood2686/AnzoBorrego2009?authkey=Gv1sRgCIiegdC9loTilgE&feat=email#5319217016479070066 <br />
<br />
Grog’s web Site:<br />
http://grogslithicart.com/index.html<br />
<br />
Grog article:<br />
<br />
http://tahoeculture.com/2008/12/01/truckee-flintknapping-artist-grog-verbeck/<br />
<br />
Grog article:<br />
<br />
http://www.heychef.com/assets/FactSheet_Generic_FINAL_email.pdf<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Grog a chef by trade and runs a private chef service, HeyChef.com, in Lake Tahoe, California.<br />
“HeyChef! began serving Truckee in 1996 and focused on the private chef services of<br />
accomplished chef, Grog Verbeck. For more than a decade before landing in Truckee, Chef<br />
Grog served in New York as the private chef for Phil Donahue and Marlo Thomas, where he<br />
prepared meals for their celebrated dinner guests from the theatre and political worlds, including presidential hopeful, Hillary Clinton.” {http://www.heychef.com/assets/FactSheet_Generic_FINAL_email.pdf)<br />
<br />
<br />
Ballad of Grog Verbeck<br />
<br />
Grog, the from Cedar Bog, lives in the moutains with his old sheep dog.<br />
<br />
<br />
Grog flint knaps giant obsidian blades and the sword in the stone<br />
If you want to by some lithic art call him on the phone.<br />
<br />
<br />
As many of my blog readers know, I am writing a series called “big blade blogs”, I have covered Theodore Orcutt, Emory Coons, Cole Hurst and know, Grog Verbeck. Although my fellow Bakersfieldians were acquainted with Grog, I having been out of the loop for quite some time, had never heard of him. It was quite serendipitous; I was on a trip to Anza Borrego desert with my eldest son James , he was returning home to U.C. Davis and gave me ride to a knap in near Sacramento on the way. There in the center ring was Grog Verbeck knapping out very large, monster bifaces. Grog is a long time student of the master knapper, Greg Ratzat of Neolithics fame, in fact he cooks for the class up at Glass Buttes. <br />
<br />
According to “Gogslithicart.com: Grog Verbeck was raised in the small town of Staatsburg, on the great Hudson River in New York. He is descendant of the Cherokee tribe by way of his mother's full-blooded great grandmother and his great uncle served on the Osage tribal council. Since Grog was a young boy he had an interest in Indian artifacts and life skills including bow hunting, tanning and fire starting. In college he pursued Native American studies and new world archaeology. He made his first arrowhead as a boy and has been addicted to flintknapping as an art for nearly ten years.” Grog knaps boulders and spalls and an occasional giant slab. Grog obtains his lithic material from the glass buttes area of Oregon with his long time friend and mentor, Graig Ratzat. <br />
<br />
<br />
Links:<br />
Grog Flintknapping video:<br />
<br />
http://picasaweb.google.com/jharwood2686/AnzoBorrego2009?authkey=Gv1sRgCIiegdC9loTilgE&feat=email#5319217016479070066 <br />
<br />
Grog’s web Site:<br />
http://grogslithicart.com/index.html<br />
<br />
Grog article:<br />
<br />
http://tahoeculture.com/2008/12/01/truckee-flintknapping-artist-grog-verbeck/<br />
<br />
Grog article:<br />
<br />
http://www.heychef.com/assets/FactSheet_Generic_FINAL_email.pdf<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Grog a chef by trade and runs a private chef service, HeyChef.com, in Lake Tahoe, California.<br />
“HeyChef! began serving Truckee in 1996 and focused on the private chef services of<br />
accomplished chef, Grog Verbeck. For more than a decade before landing in Truckee, Chef<br />
Grog served in New York as the private chef for Phil Donahue and Marlo Thomas, where he<br />
prepared meals for their celebrated dinner guests from the theatre and political worlds, including presidential hopeful, Hillary Clinton.” {http://www.heychef.com/assets/FactSheet_Generic_FINAL_email.pdf)<br />
<br />
The song link: <br />
http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&VideoID=55033732<br />
<br />
<strong><br />Ballad of Grog, the frog from Cedar Bog<br />By Hank Ray</strong><br />
<br />
Grog, the frog from Cedar Bog, lives in the mountains with his old sheep dog.<br />
<br />
Grog flint knaps giant obsidian blades and the sword in the stone<br />
and small flakes of stone pressure flaked with bone.<br />
<br />
Grog, the frog from Cedar Bog, lives in the mountains with his old sheep dog.<br />
<br />
<br />
Grog, the frog from Cedar Bog, lives in the mountains with his old sheep dog.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCKUScA9GW3r6C7-J-iwQS7CUw-NshJB2tXL1DU5Ec5_2KP-rrPg266aqylaaNhxFsK4Z59qq5AMzVhsbCVN6IQNEoqRIgWF9Yl9uvzjCju5blIm_2T87kufcSiEp6eR4SY-BY6B5bAb7Y/s1600-h/grog+9"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319504916673947682" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCKUScA9GW3r6C7-J-iwQS7CUw-NshJB2tXL1DU5Ec5_2KP-rrPg266aqylaaNhxFsK4Z59qq5AMzVhsbCVN6IQNEoqRIgWF9Yl9uvzjCju5blIm_2T87kufcSiEp6eR4SY-BY6B5bAb7Y/s400/grog+9" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 300px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYZPC0Lk85mDWP4ZYhgvgKmyeXKcVWEAPV75A46nH5LxzdbtzaeIONzD2aCORmn7NNaWsfDv-ppfNTmNmRN9Rc3aaU2jQGiSKXO8iPKYHXILKrxIJOBV-d2LIh7ZDC3beBSpP0wJfd0nCy/s1600-h/grog+8"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319504905835547522" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYZPC0Lk85mDWP4ZYhgvgKmyeXKcVWEAPV75A46nH5LxzdbtzaeIONzD2aCORmn7NNaWsfDv-ppfNTmNmRN9Rc3aaU2jQGiSKXO8iPKYHXILKrxIJOBV-d2LIh7ZDC3beBSpP0wJfd0nCy/s400/grog+8" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-bk1EMvMcG5w6fcCLutBSJTDX1rTZw3wQhrhdvbudHh4wPpP1nQcmwVfC6qi7PCxryVs-A3OZMwgS2iImrdsTZP1LTuC9eDnXJvi34L2gujvogrY7C8Jh9SQgvfSJidBb461BzZN59H3u/s1600-h/grog+7"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319504907259164898" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-bk1EMvMcG5w6fcCLutBSJTDX1rTZw3wQhrhdvbudHh4wPpP1nQcmwVfC6qi7PCxryVs-A3OZMwgS2iImrdsTZP1LTuC9eDnXJvi34L2gujvogrY7C8Jh9SQgvfSJidBb461BzZN59H3u/s400/grog+7" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
"As of late many knappers are creating ever larger<br />
pieces of lithic art in the form of huge bifaces.<br />
Emery Coons reportedly percussion bifaced a 50 inch<br />
preform and managed a 40 inch finished neofact. I<br />
wrote the Coon's family and requested information and<br />
a photo by received no response.<br />
At the California knap in this year, large the key<br />
word.<br />
Many from other states, such as Coons in Oregon, are<br />
also thinking large and obsidian suppliers are selling<br />
more mega slabs than ever.<br />
Named the Orcutt syndrome after an old time knapper<br />
named Ted Orcutt, whom was known for his massive<br />
biface work. More later..." Ray Harwood Aug. 30. 2000
The International Flintknappers ‘ Hall of Fame and Museum is encouraging individuals of all ages to “Be A Superior Example,” through a new education program as part of a new curriculum to promote healthy habits, while encouraging everyone to live free of drugs and other such substances or vices. It serves as the central point for the study of the history of flintknapping in the United States and beyond, displays flintknapping-related artifacts and exhibits, and honors those who have excelled in the craft, research/ writing, promoting events, and serving the knapping community in an ethical manner.
THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-11746088363432317802013-04-26T05:34:00.000-07:002013-04-26T05:35:01.456-07:00BRUCE BRADLEY. FLINTKNAPPER<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqH0_azBwSYGAVxx2bliuBFkBvu39xanYrMPGu21Qp-Jf8gjUkCn340hOMeUJjksM_evNRMd7qAi68DO4Cyg8Cym1T5kX8eVuFVvhUzEaxsDxVZXu_J-TYS_oXk3U4genPJIBKfU1Z3ION/s1600/bruce+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqH0_azBwSYGAVxx2bliuBFkBvu39xanYrMPGu21Qp-Jf8gjUkCn340hOMeUJjksM_evNRMd7qAi68DO4Cyg8Cym1T5kX8eVuFVvhUzEaxsDxVZXu_J-TYS_oXk3U4genPJIBKfU1Z3ION/s640/bruce+4.jpg" width="640" /></a><b> Bruce Bradley</b>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbi5rnC-Hk6K03FIESsqvxcWWqYBdAEMiNymgcDKWv5kgj29iIofR3CGesvsOh4o9Fjbg22dnHJ-9hkC4Bx5vazkl5jfhyphenhyphenQwgnBhzYJZ3zft8U6CAcShg43M074Dri0vMJM22Xw61BmLUi/s1600/bruce+1.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbi5rnC-Hk6K03FIESsqvxcWWqYBdAEMiNymgcDKWv5kgj29iIofR3CGesvsOh4o9Fjbg22dnHJ-9hkC4Bx5vazkl5jfhyphenhyphenQwgnBhzYJZ3zft8U6CAcShg43M074Dri0vMJM22Xw61BmLUi/s640/bruce+1.jpg" width="468" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4IDZQO4w7HAnsKYjxwZTKxsxPFQWK5fgCp3ydN7maesjOK_8JIF9rBiDTN3_xkFi_8PTJLxQriOfVMnoKdpPF-dj-k7-ET5nGAZVk9bF-a8VWN99wKWKNezMZ0cqDRWuA7B8juqE_eBLn/s1600/bruce+2.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4IDZQO4w7HAnsKYjxwZTKxsxPFQWK5fgCp3ydN7maesjOK_8JIF9rBiDTN3_xkFi_8PTJLxQriOfVMnoKdpPF-dj-k7-ET5nGAZVk9bF-a8VWN99wKWKNezMZ0cqDRWuA7B8juqE_eBLn/s400/bruce+2.jpg" width="267" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicnLlsfR3K49bUQqT_AbwiygyUZWQuSXJmEqZrPc6_9ZRVV0fj682_JnpOzMucQzkgZSiaiONEmK4IbmH8faGe5IQ_p6DvdW4561MFRHdHh9viR5I5ZYymYksJ4R8vFhxnOfnPgec9yi2v/s1600/bruce+3.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicnLlsfR3K49bUQqT_AbwiygyUZWQuSXJmEqZrPc6_9ZRVV0fj682_JnpOzMucQzkgZSiaiONEmK4IbmH8faGe5IQ_p6DvdW4561MFRHdHh9viR5I5ZYymYksJ4R8vFhxnOfnPgec9yi2v/s400/bruce+3.jpg" width="272" /></a><br />
<br />
In Texas, The late J.B. Sollberger was<br />
considered the master of Folsom and learned on his own to create<br />
masterful fluted points with a methodology involving the use of the<br />
fulcrum and lever . J.B.s replicas were beautifully crafted out of<br />
the finest of Texas flints. Again part of the Sollberger legacy is<br />
the vast amount of published works and theories that he pioneered.<br />
J.B. passed away on May, 7th 1995. In the Southern United States two<br />
knappers of quite diverse back grounds were also working on the<br />
Folsom mystery: D.C. Waldorf of Missouri and Errett Callahan of<br />
Virginia. Waldorf crafted his replicas in a large part to sell in the<br />
commercial market place, and sold them as replicas, but also to<br />
research the Folsom technologies for books he would later write and<br />
market. One of Waldorf's books, The Art of Flintknapping, sold over<br />
40,000 copies. Waldorf is still active in both flintknapping and the<br />
study of fluted point technologies and he and his wife, Val, publish<br />
a magazine called Chips that is devoted to flintknapping. Callahan<br />
also worked and studied in a social vacuum in the 1960s, but he had<br />
the advantage of academia behind him, yet in those days the published<br />
material was both sparse and, to a large degree, incorrect. Callahan<br />
went on to publish perhaps the most important paper written to date<br />
on fluted point studies, The Basics of Biface Knapping in the Eastern<br />
Fluted Point Tradition. In the American Southwest Circa the mid to<br />
late 1960s, the new Folsom age was being revised by two additional<br />
notable experimentalists, Bob Patten, of Lakewood, Colorado and Bruce<br />
Bradley of Tucson, Arizona. Bruce Bradley worked closely with<br />
Crabtree and Sollberger as well as French flintknapper Francois<br />
Bordes. Once Bruce Bradley's knapping skills were well honed he began<br />
working with some of the world's best known Paleo-archaeologists;<br />
George Frison, Vance Haynes, Rob Bonnichson and Dennis Stanford of<br />
the Smithsonian Institute. In 1980 Bruce Bradley was involved with<br />
these scientists in a PBS Odyssey television special called Seeking<br />
The First Americans. In this now classic film Bruce Bradley knapped<br />
two paleo type points. Bradley also participated in "Clovis and<br />
beyond" and continues his involvement in lithic research. Bob Patten<br />
learned the high plains paleo tradition and became a master of<br />
creating Folsom points out of tough unheated lithic materials. Ten<br />
Years after Bruce Bradley appeared on the Odyssey special, Bob Patten<br />
was featured crafting a fluted Clovis point in the PBS television<br />
special- NOVA: Search For the First Americans, and like the Odyssey<br />
special ten years before, the film featured Dennis Stanford and Vance<br />
Haynes. Nearly a decade after the film Bob published a book on his<br />
flintknapping methodologies called Old Stones New Eyes. Bob is often<br />
seen around the country conducting Flintknapping demonstrations at<br />
archaeological meetings and was recently featured at "Clovis and<br />
Beyond" and "The Folsom Workshop" . Most of the knappers today are<br />
not part of the 1960s experimentalism movement, the new field of<br />
thought is as "lithic art" and the points are created not with<br />
aboriginal methods that add to the data base of experimental<br />
archaeology, but with lapidary equipment, they contribute very little<br />
to the study of stone tools or ancient artifact studies. The Folsom<br />
fluted lanceolate point was named by J.D. Figgins in 1934 after<br />
Folsom, New Mexico. According to the American Museum of Natural<br />
History the first Folsom point was discovered near Folsom, New Mexico<br />
on September 1, 1927 on a joint expedition by archaeologists from the<br />
American Museum of Natural History and the Denver Museum of Natural<br />
History. This small fluted dart or spear point stands among the most<br />
important archaeological finds ever made on this continent. This<br />
artifact is now displayed in a cast of the bones of an ancient<br />
extinct bison in which it was embedded, thus re-creating the context<br />
in which it was found by members of that original expedition. Folsom<br />
points tend to date between 10,000 BC to 8,000 BC. Folsom points have<br />
a large geographic range within the Americas. Folsom points are<br />
characterized by their short lanceolate basic form, concave base and<br />
long flute extending on both faces from base, or proximal end, toward<br />
the tip, or distal end, of the point. The purpose of the flute has<br />
long been the subject of great controversy. Some have postulated that<br />
the flute is an artistic element and may represent a flame and others<br />
feel it has a functional purpose and was for blood letting from the<br />
wound of their prey, thus causing the prey to bleed and weaken and<br />
leave a trail for the hunter to fallow. others feel it is simply a<br />
hafting technique where the split shaft nicely fits into the fluted<br />
channel. What-ever the purpose, it seems to have evolved and been<br />
accentuated from the older Clovis points that were also fluted from<br />
the base, or proximal end. According to Michael Waters (1999), from<br />
Texas A&M University, archaeologists: in the early 1950s artifacts,<br />
later to become known as Clovis, were found beneath the Folsom<br />
cultural horizon at Blackwater Draw, near Clovis, New Mexico and were<br />
later carbon dated to nearly 13,359 BP. Clovis appears to have<br />
highbred, or evolved into Folsom and the point made more stream-lined<br />
and the flute improved and accentuated, the technology changing with<br />
hunting technologies that were closely intertwined with the available<br />
game.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><em> This long-awaited book for the </em></span><a href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520227835"><span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><em>University of California Press</em></span></span></a><em><span style="font-family: Arial;"> is in production. We have made numerous presentations in public and academic venues throughout <st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">North America</span></st1:place></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">, </span><st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">South America</span></st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">, </span><st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Western Europe</span></st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> and even polar </span><st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Siberia</span></st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">. Dennis and I published a summary of the theory in World Archaeology in December 2004. This was followed 1n 2005 in World Archaeology by a rebuttal by Straus, Meltzer and Goebel. Then in 2006 in World Archaeology Dennis and I published our response. Unfortunately, I am not at liberty to make these available on this web page as they are in copyright.</span></em></div>
<em><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">The "Clovis First" and "Beringia Only" theories have been crumbling for years, but for many of us are now totally collapsed. There is now overwhelming direct evidence for pre-Clovis occupation of the American continents, and virtually no direct evidence that the progenitors of </span><st1:city><st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Clovis</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> came from </span><st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Siberia</span></st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">. We contend that the evidence overwhelmingly indicates southwestern </span><st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Europe</span></st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">, specifically the Ice Age Solutrean Culture of </span><st1:country-region><st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">France</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> and </span><st1:country-region><st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Spain</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">, as the source of the people that developed into </span><st1:city><st1:place><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Clovis</span></st1:place></st1:city></em><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF6Ab0rJ7xI4AtABJ0-brNp0SOtA5MnGjCiJ8QGQxUJeCyL2H5-yBmMCJec4DqlxNAjUNk_n6kUEiquCHMmQVdJRvvZAWmxLi2oBg3jXoVkPTbdSI8KEvEQGUhJZ6AaNXESQswsu0aDHcD/s1600/aaaaaaaaa9780520275782.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF6Ab0rJ7xI4AtABJ0-brNp0SOtA5MnGjCiJ8QGQxUJeCyL2H5-yBmMCJec4DqlxNAjUNk_n6kUEiquCHMmQVdJRvvZAWmxLi2oBg3jXoVkPTbdSI8KEvEQGUhJZ6AaNXESQswsu0aDHcD/s640/aaaaaaaaa9780520275782.jpg" width="446" /></a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQrP0oV691eMNGugJbwcr4cbUCSqiPMA_2UGpQm2KT9BPZ-2VTSD5_iVW3BQ4oY3jC4mKjkjxe2C4v7pg65TQqUF_1ZrYavZ55Hhx7JEJny_maF-OK5GRLUgMhBXkPLYX7gJHT1iV6OCLY/s1600/Bruce%2520Bradley.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQrP0oV691eMNGugJbwcr4cbUCSqiPMA_2UGpQm2KT9BPZ-2VTSD5_iVW3BQ4oY3jC4mKjkjxe2C4v7pg65TQqUF_1ZrYavZ55Hhx7JEJny_maF-OK5GRLUgMhBXkPLYX7gJHT1iV6OCLY/s640/Bruce%2520Bradley.jpg" width="356" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQNy2LM4KPZFWBaFNtfup9woiQN4FIj2pJLWP1GEQxcqRpKfkzb9jiGSKRpEqP1UNNNB3HWW_BoGCDEYsrRKwrGRYOplqi5tOKPJrnYlK8XNg5KgnsjS6ePPOd9NQYz7MFZSoUP-XBBRP0/s1600/Bruce_Bradley.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQNy2LM4KPZFWBaFNtfup9woiQN4FIj2pJLWP1GEQxcqRpKfkzb9jiGSKRpEqP1UNNNB3HWW_BoGCDEYsrRKwrGRYOplqi5tOKPJrnYlK8XNg5KgnsjS6ePPOd9NQYz7MFZSoUP-XBBRP0/s640/Bruce_Bradley.jpg" width="507" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
According to Paleo specialist, Bob Patten, of Lakewood, Colorado<br />
(1999) when mammoths went extinct, spear points went through a re-<br />
engineering, from the large Clovis to a more delicate form dominated<br />
by the central flute scar. Instead of the mammoth the new quarry was<br />
Bison Antiquus, a larger and more formidable game than the modern<br />
bison.Even with the past few decades of Paleo point replication<br />
studies the true production methodology is not completely understood.<br />
According to Patten "it is likely that it will be some time before we<br />
can say we know with assurance how Folsom points were made". Patten<br />
prefers a method known as the rocker punch method. Patten's response<br />
to the aboriginal flute method is this "My answer is that aboriginal<br />
flute flake scars have distinctive attributes of flatness, rippling,<br />
thickness, and so on. The rocker punch method seems to most closely<br />
match original results" (Patten, 1999). At this time in<br />
archaeological circles the theories on the first peoples of the New<br />
World have been changing, rather than crossing the Bering land bridge<br />
from northeast Asia to Alaska theories, they have come up with<br />
theories of "paleo-notical", a Paleo ocean migration from Europe<br />
along the edge of the polar ice cap into the northern most tip of<br />
North America. Clovis-like Solutrean projectile points found in<br />
Europe help support this hypothesis . If Clovis man indeed came to<br />
the New World by boat, then it is my theory that the fluted point<br />
technology was originally one that came from stone age harpoon tips.<br />
In Alaska there is a fluted point type known as the Dorset point<br />
which is characterized by two precise flutes or harpoon end blades<br />
removed from the tip or distal end of this small flint triangular<br />
harpoon point type. These paleo-eskimo points were part of a<br />
specialized material culture based on northern marine exploitation<br />
(Renouf, 1991) The first big game brought down by fluted points was<br />
possibly not Pleistocene mega-fauna but large sea mammals, and the<br />
altatl may have first been a harpoon launcher and later adapted to<br />
land use as a spear thrower.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR-6019sxF_QdiUUq5OIYTbhEriEA7cIcEhuGheBSiNH_XDtAWFCOiEUoN0sZpsCbkz7sIDSUvV65iHCRKMCeosLSb2_Q4j9EnhqRJ794HlKriQHphaTmSYLbHnWIOkY_E9XbJDpA0zB1x/s1600/DVD%2520Flintknapping.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR-6019sxF_QdiUUq5OIYTbhEriEA7cIcEhuGheBSiNH_XDtAWFCOiEUoN0sZpsCbkz7sIDSUvV65iHCRKMCeosLSb2_Q4j9EnhqRJ794HlKriQHphaTmSYLbHnWIOkY_E9XbJDpA0zB1x/s640/DVD%2520Flintknapping.jpg" width="442" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Professor Bruce Bradley
.
EXARC:
"Bruce Bradley is Director of the Experimental Archaeology Masters Programme and has extensive experience with Stone Age technologies and experimental archaeology. He was trained in 4-field anthropology at the University of Arizona. His early research was focused on the North American Southwest and Great Plains where he applied an anthropological approach to much of his work. Since then his research has included the Upper Palaeolithic of Russia and France, and horse domestication in Central Asia. His current research deals with the early peopling of the New World and prehistoric Pueblo archaeology of the American Southwest, again incorporating anthropological theory in his interpretations. This perspective is also brought to the classroom in many of the modules he teaches. Bruce is also active in bringing his archaeological and anthropological interests to the public through presentations, teaching, interaction with Native American communities and participation in documentaries. His current research project ‘Learning to be Human’ explores the way in which individuals develop expertise in flintknapping and how these skills change the brain".
BRUCE BRADLEY:
" My involvement with knapping and primitive technologies goes all the way back to before I could walk. My parents have home movies of me sitting on the ground hitting rocks together as a toddler. I'm thoroughly convinced that my knapping is a genetic thing. I, like many other 'spontaneous knappers', are no doubt throwbacks from the stone age. Throughout my childhood in Michigan I was fascinated with Indian lore and relics but had little exposure to the real things. I once visited an old man during an Indian Guides outing who showed us his extensive collection of relics. From that time I tried to make arrowheads by grinding pieces of sandstone (no flint or chert nearby).
In the late 1960s the whole family took a camping trip through the West where I saw lots of arrowheads and other artifacts in museums, shops, etc. In Cody, Wyoming I bought my first arrowhead in a souvenir shop (I have since noted that it is an old base with a nail-reworked tip.) I also finally connected obsidian with arrowheads. Later in the trip I bought a chunk of obsidian from a rock shop and a friend and I proceeded to pulverize it on a picnic table in Colorado National Monument. I didn't even understand the concept of flake, but it was the beginning of a long obsession with knapping.
While I was at University, I gained field experience in archaeology and continued to bust rocks on my own. At the time, I had seen nothing about how it was done other than a very simple (and inaccurate) diagram in a beginning archaeology book. In 1969 I was fortunate to have the chance to watch and later work with three prominent knappers- Don Crabtree, François Bordes, and Jacques Tixier. All three came to the University under the sponsorship of Professor Art Jelinek. This was a time of great advancement in my own skills. It wasn't so much the techniques that I learned as it was the exposure to new flaking tools.
My obsession continued unabated but it was hard coming by good flaking stone. Like many others, I scrounged old bleach bottle bases from local dumps. I even went through a Bacardi phase. There were also some other students who became inspired (Bruce Huckell and Mike Collins among others). We banded together and bought bulk obsidian from a rock shop in El Paso, Texas. We mostly worked on our own but would occasionally get together for our own small "knap-ins" (it was the time of antiwar sit-ins and love-ins but we were to busy knapping to be involved in those extra-curricular activities).
François Bordes spent a whole semester at U of A in spring 1970 and he and I spent most every spare moment knapping in a little room on the ground floor of the Anthro building. I still don't know why it was, but he and I hit it off extremely well (pun intended). Our temperaments were absolute opposites. I was born with patience (in knapping) and a high threshold of frustration. When something went wrong and I screwed up I would, for the most part, shrug my shoulders and toss the offending pieces over my shoulder and quietly begin over. François on the other hand was a 'power knapper' and what he lacked in finesse he made up for in sheer force. You can imagine how this worked with the brittle obsidian we had to work with. There was an almost unbroken string of obscenities wafting out of that little room and bouncing around the halls of the Anthro. building. One of François's favorite sayings was "Flint, she is a woman, obsidian, she is a whore". I learned how to swear in 14 languages! A skill I seldom employ, but on rare occasions I can still be heard mumbling unintelligibly some of those colorful phrases.
François invited me to participate in his middle paleolithic excavations in SW France that summer and I spent several glorious months digging in 50,000 year old sites, knapping incredible flint (mostly Bergerac), and exploring the countryside and backwoods of the Dordogne. During this time, I once again met up with Jacques Tixier who invited me to come to Lebanon and dig with him near Beirut. This I couldn't pass up and I went there in September 1970. Although I was there only a short three weeks, I managed to have some great adventures and discovered the amazing light pink flint of the Baka Valley. On the way home, I visited a French Canadian archaeologist who I worked with in France, in Cambridge, England. There I was introduced to the rich blue-black flints of the European chalks. I managed to visit the famous Brandon gunflint knapping areas and saw Grimes Graves, the neolithic flint mining complex. All the while I continued knapping at every possible opportunity.
A professor at Cambridge, Dr. Charles McBurney, became interested in my skills and invited me to apply to graduate school. At that time I had still had enough academics for awhile, so I deferred an answer and returned to the American Southwest and made my living through 'have-trowel-will-travel" archaeology. I also spent some of the summer of 1971 travelling with my dog Jake through Wyoming and two weeks at Don Crabtree's field school outside Twin Falls, Idaho. This exposed me to the amazing variety of flaking stones in that part of the world from the fine-grained quartzites and multicolored jaspers of Spanish Diggings to the brown brittle ignumbrites of SW Idaho.
I have since had many additional knapping adventures and these have led me to some amazing opportunities in paleoindian archaeology in North America, involvement with the pre-Clovis controversy, and back to the Old World where I received my PhD from Cambridge ( I busted rocks for my dissertation work), and eventually into an involvement in Russian paleolithic archaeology. Throughout all of these experiences, I have maintained my main knapping motivations of creating beautiful objects as well as the challenge of figuring out ancient technologies. For me knapping is art and archaeology.
I'm not sure what I'd be doing if it hadn't been for the chance encounters with some dedicated knapper/archaeologists or those nonknapper/archaeologists who recognized the value of knapping and encouraged my involvement in both. A few of these included the three distinguished knappers I mentioned earlier along with Drs. C. Garth Sampsom, Charles McBurney, Dennis Stanford, Marie Wormington, and not the least George Frison. My knapping skills were also carefully honed during long and frequent visits with J.B Sollberger in his backyard in Dallas. I have been lucky in my peers with learning from such noted knappers as Bruce Huckell, D.C. Waldorf, Eugene Gryba, Errett Callahan, Greg Nunn, Bob Patton, Jeff Flenniken, Witold Migal (see:Prehistoric Flint Mining in Poland) , and not the least my Russian compatriot Yevgenij Giria. I must also credit my family who tolerated my obsession (and the dangerous messes I left laying around), encouraged and even helped finance some of my travels and education, and ultimately my wife Cindy and children Travis, Kyle, and Shannon who have accepted my aberration as an integral part of my character, and love me none-the-less.
I knap mostly for fun and to learn about processes that may have been used in the past. I also occasionally sell individual pieces and sets. These are all documented and marked so that they can't be passed off as old. I have supplied teaching and display sets to many universities and museums, including the Smithsonian, the New York Natural History Museum, the Denver and Albuquerque Museums of Natural History, and several other museums. I have also specialized in art sets of Paleoindian and High Plains projectile points and knives. I also use stone knives when I hunt large game and have found them to be superior for field dressing and skinning. My hunting partners have discovered the same thing and I have made them knives for their own use."<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj60WIyFGW1c-1QUX9iMcQIpTY0vTKIBImKsDdwfj-6djVeCFEq7qFWhzETztLg3Nbuy1Q9aFHCaGJmwVw2vDqLfh48ohouNixlNrPhpxcms5n1lHlARWcUunM4wVvUFzFl8NNI5dU2ytoV/s1600/DVD%2520Clovis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj60WIyFGW1c-1QUX9iMcQIpTY0vTKIBImKsDdwfj-6djVeCFEq7qFWhzETztLg3Nbuy1Q9aFHCaGJmwVw2vDqLfh48ohouNixlNrPhpxcms5n1lHlARWcUunM4wVvUFzFl8NNI5dU2ytoV/s640/DVD%2520Clovis.jpg" width="463" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-21944373422559988392013-04-26T05:28:00.000-07:002013-04-26T05:29:57.169-07:00ROBERT BLUE, ARTIST AND FLINTKNAPPER<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF1qLZnoxQQa7VIJiqQ3wgHo_ioQMjNZny83JCpLV2CpXCWrGR-esWaPqDETW_WNDRqqnY_IIs9iE2XVbpM13G3Ct4Z4nh8DkGYpD1Z7r9TzMFVEtJj5B5UlTMtHicava-007_EFvBmT09/s1600/ROBERT.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF1qLZnoxQQa7VIJiqQ3wgHo_ioQMjNZny83JCpLV2CpXCWrGR-esWaPqDETW_WNDRqqnY_IIs9iE2XVbpM13G3Ct4Z4nh8DkGYpD1Z7r9TzMFVEtJj5B5UlTMtHicava-007_EFvBmT09/s640/ROBERT.jpg" width="498" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpd1Y3-wcRlJikaFFgRFwzC1DSH1En1sZqmFV4oxDX5n2969CZl9VvcuIWrS_LNvNMvbpv7C_E-UdCiOvJm5N_BxcN5jDyMRcpFJq6qXrP7dTBvQkpipH3gaAn9YD7bVfoY3AgEfJEr3o/s1600-h/Robert+Blue.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151442859579380034" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpd1Y3-wcRlJikaFFgRFwzC1DSH1En1sZqmFV4oxDX5n2969CZl9VvcuIWrS_LNvNMvbpv7C_E-UdCiOvJm5N_BxcN5jDyMRcpFJq6qXrP7dTBvQkpipH3gaAn9YD7bVfoY3AgEfJEr3o/s400/Robert+Blue.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a br="" href="http://www.blogger.com/null" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><br />href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1UneQ8KM6EyGQ_AfgiMPwNtUkmLiiSUq9h97qFsVGXmy6GFh4wZ4PXcXrbiAqY_cF892svnQwfIc3x2PRScHN-TufnnFGk2y1nHVK44aE0nPthaq0ff52vcimh6UgFgxoZfsygGfoewc/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2322.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151442730730361138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1UneQ8KM6EyGQ_AfgiMPwNtUkmLiiSUq9h97qFsVGXmy6GFh4wZ4PXcXrbiAqY_cF892svnQwfIc3x2PRScHN-TufnnFGk2y1nHVK44aE0nPthaq0ff52vcimh6UgFgxoZfsygGfoewc/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%2322.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjGjisnZ-8t9JDZz1G5lIWZG5Fk1aNvooKhmmEEBDDJ23mBQIXvifrFslgLP2cNxMdiPC5wej3fOPwmUP3XtF1gsw9lLmpjJ1TXJhFwqnM797cODVbYiRgijIAQDdc5bqZQgiGWtCyRhw/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1988+%2323.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151442563226636578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjGjisnZ-8t9JDZz1G5lIWZG5Fk1aNvooKhmmEEBDDJ23mBQIXvifrFslgLP2cNxMdiPC5wej3fOPwmUP3XtF1gsw9lLmpjJ1TXJhFwqnM797cODVbYiRgijIAQDdc5bqZQgiGWtCyRhw/s400/Wrightwood+1988+%2323.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-sO37bmvm-RJ7uNdK2wwptj9UPeVBRGdFSbCezTxizSOVkB756Pqj-xlocAl68iFkTlGaCxYpXYk-9JekvcWSnxsum3xX1KA40pLSnp1AXUWW4NRb1sulExKugVbZRBE_f1tsBKBhSC4/s1600-h/wrightwood+1989+%2318.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151442335593369874" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-sO37bmvm-RJ7uNdK2wwptj9UPeVBRGdFSbCezTxizSOVkB756Pqj-xlocAl68iFkTlGaCxYpXYk-9JekvcWSnxsum3xX1KA40pLSnp1AXUWW4NRb1sulExKugVbZRBE_f1tsBKBhSC4/s400/wrightwood+1989+%2318.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI5roo2n1lWL805XXglpVZpIRU-qyXrWrhJjJ4CY-82JeN1b32-AJBI_w0x7lVJfQZNJKhdq6g7p-7uAzrXZPgwo57ff2fTl8wLzMW6M48vAtm8uaLysx4XBDMfcp3iz2h8C2LzG_ZPOA/s1600-h/Wrightwood+1989+%2320.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151442215334285570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI5roo2n1lWL805XXglpVZpIRU-qyXrWrhJjJ4CY-82JeN1b32-AJBI_w0x7lVJfQZNJKhdq6g7p-7uAzrXZPgwo57ff2fTl8wLzMW6M48vAtm8uaLysx4XBDMfcp3iz2h8C2LzG_ZPOA/s400/Wrightwood+1989+%2320.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikGYpurNdG4mEZncoDg89nbBTrSIIcUHLYQYSY7wlQvhI7BKHqlsyMNWqkPQXtSNYnwm6DIxqAJ8oCRO84GXg99U3yDE4QhXvYQGdTvhDZEFq7-BB5ggY-FLj5IhDCC1GJFQu1Z8xJ6mA/s1600-h/wrightwood+1989+%2324.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151442107960103154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikGYpurNdG4mEZncoDg89nbBTrSIIcUHLYQYSY7wlQvhI7BKHqlsyMNWqkPQXtSNYnwm6DIxqAJ8oCRO84GXg99U3yDE4QhXvYQGdTvhDZEFq7-BB5ggY-FLj5IhDCC1GJFQu1Z8xJ6mA/s400/wrightwood+1989+%2324.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggdPB_ib_XXhzZzIh6JtF6FMngIdvTUYPbxoCLWTOZ6NQmsbJ6Xz_HUvkHTrZjVY9hKJ-HeQ_8xP7EJWusZIdCzsGM0fJJdFHYtYFk0NCAyWUM0ox_y45cgRMRRutuuEa5glk03XPXzgk/s1600-h/wrightwood+1989+%2330.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151442000585920738" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggdPB_ib_XXhzZzIh6JtF6FMngIdvTUYPbxoCLWTOZ6NQmsbJ6Xz_HUvkHTrZjVY9hKJ-HeQ_8xP7EJWusZIdCzsGM0fJJdFHYtYFk0NCAyWUM0ox_y45cgRMRRutuuEa5glk03XPXzgk/s400/wrightwood+1989+%2330.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Robert was a real nice fellow, I met him through my old newsletter " in the early 1980s and then met him and his wife Linda at the 1989 Wrightwood knap-in. Robert was an amazing painter and artist and it showed in his knapping. Robert sought out all the greats to learn the knapping craft. Linda Blue came to some the the 1990s knap-ins to honor her husband, Robert Blue - artist, knapper & teacher - who died on January 22, 1998. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
According to John Whittaker, author of “American Flintknappers”: “Flint knappers can also be considered a subculture, a smaller unit within American culture as a whole”. All of us that fit into this subculture have our own little niche . Robert Blue had his, from my perspective Robert revived, to some extent, Rinehardt’s lever flaking on large rectangled slabs- and for sure was responsible for its’ use in California in the 1980s. He was also instrumental in the emergence of the lapidary art of “flake over grinding” on jaspers for pattern flaked points (Richard Warren and Jim Hopper style) here in California. <br />
<br />
“The knap-in is a public arena where knappers perform their craft and interact with other knappers” (Whittaker). The Wrightwood knap-in, held at Jackson Lake near Wrightwood, California, was the knap-in Robert attended. Knap-ins have specific structure that has evolved overtime. The first knap-ins were circles of knappers attempting to ascertain archaeological data – unlocking the mysteries of lithic technology.Later the became a circle of artists sharing techniques, later booths were added and more of a fair atmosphere, then lapidary equipment and quest for the perfect point- and booths . All of these stages were enjoyable and beneficial to the participants. Each year at Wrightwood there was a centralized knap-in circle, this is where the knapping was undertaken in earnest and people showed what they were made of, it was high noon and the knappers were like gun slingers and pattern flaking could outdraw fluted Folsoms and that could only be trumped by a massive biface. It was all in good fun but prestige was on the line if one was to blow out a key-hole notch or end-snap a large biface when in the circle. I think most knappers were so intent on what they were doing that they didn’t give others but a glance. Most of us had a set up around a secondary perimeter, this is where the booths and demos took place. In the morning after the time at the fire pit, people broke off and went to their set up. Robert Blues set up was right on the edge of the open area, on what might be called the entry, as you drove up the steep dirt entry he was right after the turn on the right, under a large scrub oak. I recall a fairly large gathering at his set up watching him demonstare both flake over grinding technology and lever flaking. Robert’s lever flaker was made of large carpenter vises clamped together. After he was done with his demonstrations he brought his modern knappers collection into the knapping circle and we all looking and pondered. I recall Robert’s detailed narrative for each piece of lithic art. After the collection had been fully explored Robert sat within the spherical line of knappers and took his rightful place within “a smaller unit within American culture as a whole”. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Robert Blue of Studio City, California was inspired by a collection of Reinhardt's points , Reinhardt had been long dead but Blue did find fellow Gray Ghost collector, Charlie Shewey in Missouri. Robert offered to buy all of Shewey's Gray Ghosts and Richard Warren points and that money was no object. Charlie refused Blue's offer, but directed Robert to Richard Warren. After Robert bought a fair number of points, Warren shared some of his secrets with Robert Blue and introduced him to Jim Hopper, whom Warren had taught. Jim Hopper and Robert Blue became good friends and Robert became very good at art knapping. Barney DeSimone, couched Robert through his early years of knapping. Later Robert inspired Barney to return somewhat to lapidary knapping. It was Robert Blue that taught Ray Harwood to knap in the lever style of Reinhardt, Ray produced dozens of "Raynish Daggers" with the lever flaker. The Raynish Daggers were simply slab points in the form of 10 inch Danish Daggers ("2-D daggers" -not 3 dimensional). These were what Callahan called the ugliest Danish Daggers he had ever seen. After Robert's death and some prompting from DeSimone and Callahan, Harwood returned to traditional flintknapping. One interesting bit of knapping lore I overheard at a knap in goes like this:" Steve Behenes had invented this steel fluting jig that could flute supper this preforms. Steve was close to Robert Blue at the time and he sent Robert a thin Folsom and the detached flutes, Robert returned the detached flute -and he had fluted them !<br />
<br />
ROBERT BLUE THE ARTIST OBITUARY :<br />
<br />
FROM "VARIETY MAGAZINE " AND "WIKIPEDIA"<br />
Robert D. Blue, dead at 50<br />
Son of the late Ben Blue<br />
By VARIETY STAFF<br />
"Robert D. Blue, son of the late actor-comedian Ben Blue, died Jan. 22 of brain cancer at St. John's Medical Center in Santa Monica. He was 50.<br />
Blue, an accomplished artist-painter, had a long history of gallery shows across the U.S. and in Japan. He was co-founder of Davis-Blue Artwork, L.A., and at the time of his death was serving as chairman of fine art at Assn. in Art, Van Nuys.<br />
Blue is survived by his wife, Linda, and a brother.<br />
A funeral mass will be held at 7:30 p.m. Fridayat St. Paul the Apostle Church, 10750 Ohio, Westwood.<br />
Robert D.[1] Blue (1946[2]- January 22, 1998[3]) was a painter noted for his images of pin-up girls in the 1980's and later his cowgirls of the New West series. He was the son of comedic actor Ben Blue[4].<br />
] Biography<br />
Born in Los Angeles[5] in 1946, Robert Blue grew up in Beverly Hills. He served in the United States Army and attended the California College of Arts and Crafts, Oakland, earning a BFA at the Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles.<br />
His work precedes that of similar artist Patrick Nagel. In 1979, Blue joined Brian Davis to form the Davis-Blue Artwork publishing company. Collectors of Blue's art have included Jack Nicholson, Barbra Streisand and Hugh Hefner, as well as numerous corporate collectors, including the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Los Angeles, and the Atlanta Hilton Motel. Blue served as chairman of fine art at Assn. in Art, Van Nuys.<br />
Blue succumbed to brain cancer[6] in Santa Monica in 1998, and the Robert Blue Foundation to aid brain cancer victims was instituted in his memory. He was survived by his wife, Linda, and his brother, Tom.<br />
Two films have featured Blue's art; 1974's The Second Coming of Suzanne, and 1984's Heartbreakers, the latter of which was loosely based on Blue himself[7]. There has also been a character in a novel based on him."<br />
<br />
1984's Heartbreakers, Film Based on Robert Blue:<br />
<br />
"Blue{Robert} and Eli, two friends, have problems with women. Blue, a yet-to-be discovered painter is left by his longtime girlfriend, because she considers him too immature for a longlsting relationship. Eli on the other hand, who works in his father's aerobic suit business, is still searching for a woman who is interesting enough to spend more than one night with her. Their friendship is put to a severe test as both fall in love with Liliane, Blue's attractive new gallerist. Written by Robert Zeithammel {zeit@cip.physik.uni-muenchen.de}"THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-29949252232863423312013-04-26T05:22:00.001-07:002013-04-26T05:22:49.874-07:00FRANCOIS BORDES<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht6cJ-d2gH7H_zxFWwUW_ESOnPmIN-dnCvUTTYFsji_BZH6_KqxZRc05wATfbM9wc6dZr2-BgnL20H4vyQI2cSzTAqL6xsbwmKO5340CQ7gkOfpe_bhtgF0nM9WR4Qr_ADkFtWKEQqH_c-/s1600/Bordes2.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht6cJ-d2gH7H_zxFWwUW_ESOnPmIN-dnCvUTTYFsji_BZH6_KqxZRc05wATfbM9wc6dZr2-BgnL20H4vyQI2cSzTAqL6xsbwmKO5340CQ7gkOfpe_bhtgF0nM9WR4Qr_ADkFtWKEQqH_c-/s320/Bordes2.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTLG3MrOtr_Hy0mInXTAdDPkaO-eLV_7nsw8Tw9tSQvos80_BMXYQSa47E0mbEyS88qmuTXJ8dN0hRUFnsDiRnvMER6eOBc3WhwyTK-cu386jDZPfXUXIKKfz-WfdVBAZ0s3ATeZL0PMte/s1600/Bordes..9782735507665FS.gif" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTLG3MrOtr_Hy0mInXTAdDPkaO-eLV_7nsw8Tw9tSQvos80_BMXYQSa47E0mbEyS88qmuTXJ8dN0hRUFnsDiRnvMER6eOBc3WhwyTK-cu386jDZPfXUXIKKfz-WfdVBAZ0s3ATeZL0PMte/s320/Bordes..9782735507665FS.gif" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidMYgwHAFynqXcZ4HSOpunMeGU78_XTD_o3CMJXJykzX_-ukOQtf3KbECXGFXRbABww1wAxPT-Yo2eFP4VpP3zl1Uko-FbLJQHbwXh6_43-dWIJ7dw56YpHHY0LnFcvB9-TeWVLk0KwAY9/s1600/Bordes++untitled.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidMYgwHAFynqXcZ4HSOpunMeGU78_XTD_o3CMJXJykzX_-ukOQtf3KbECXGFXRbABww1wAxPT-Yo2eFP4VpP3zl1Uko-FbLJQHbwXh6_43-dWIJ7dw56YpHHY0LnFcvB9-TeWVLk0KwAY9/s640/Bordes++untitled.png" width="458" /></a><b>François Bordes</b>
"<b>François Bordes</b> (1919 - 1981) was a French scientist, archaeologist and geologist and was a professor of prehistory and quaternary geology at the Science Faculty of Bordeaux. Bordes changed the approach of prehistoric lithic industries, by introducing scientific and statistical studies in the use of experimental flint knapping. He duplicated some 63 tool types and made over 100,000 stone tools in his life; he also concluded that there were four Neanderthal cultures based on stone tool assembleges. Bordes wrote many books which include the Old Stone Age and A Tale Of Two Caves and many articles under the "pen name" Francis Carsac." (Experimental Archaeology)
<b>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<i></i></b>
" <b>François Bordes</b>
François Bordes (December 30, 1919 – April 30, 1981), also known by the pen name of Francis Carsac, was a French scientist, geologist, and archaeologist. He was a professor of prehistory and quaternary geology at the Science Faculty of Bordeaux. He deeply renewed the approach of prehistoric lithic industries, introducing statistical studies in typology and expanding the use of experimental flint knapping.
He also published many science fiction novels under his pen name. His books have not been translated into English. On the other hand, in USSR the science fiction of Carsac was very popular. He was translated and published into Russian as well as Bulgarian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Hungarian, Estonian amongst others.
[edit] Bibliography
Prehistory "Principes d'une méthode d'étude des techniques de débitage et de la typologie du Paléolithique ancien et moyen", L'Anthropologie, t. 54 (1950)
A Tale of two caves, Harper and Row, 169 p., (1972)
Typologie du Paléolithique ancien et moyen, Delmas, Publications de l'Institut de Préhistoire de l'Université de Bordeaux, Mémoire n° 1 (1961), réédition CNRS 1988 : ISBN 2-87682-005-6
Leçons sur le Paléolithique, CNRS, 3 vol. (1984)
Science fiction Ceux de nulle part (Those from nowhere) (1954)
Les Robinsons du Cosmos (The Robinsons of the Cosmos) (1955)
Terre en fuite (Fleeing Earth) (1960)
Ce monde est nôtre (This world is ours) (1962)
Pour patrie, l'espace (For homeland, space) (1962)
La vermine du lion (The vermin of the lion) (1967)"
<b> According to Ray Harwood's "History of Modern Flintknapping", </b>Errett Callahan read more and more of Bordes's works and met him several
times. Francois Bordes stayed at Callahan's house for several days in
1977. Bordes, as Errett, was inspired by Edgar Rice Burroughs and he
published numerous science fiction novels. Callahan, as a college
student, had once been assigned to be Bordes's escort to a knapping
demonstration sponsored by the Anthropology department in D.C. for
the Leaky Foundation lectures. In 1977 Bordes spent four days
knapping there in Richmond. Bordes had plenty of money to visit the
U.S.A. because not only was he a master flintknapper and Europe's
leading archaeologist, but also one of the most popular science
fiction writers in France. According to Callahan Bordes wrote dozens
of novels under the pen name of Franci Carsac. Callahan was
influenced quite a bit by Bordes. At the same time Errett was also
reading the works of Don Crabtree. Errett was Fascinated by Crabtree,
they met in Calgary in 1974 and Crabtree gradually became a heavy
influence on Errett's knapping. J.B. Sollberger was another major
influence and led Errett to bigger and better things than he could
have without that input. Gene Titmus of Idaho, a friend of Crabtree
was also a major influence on Callahan, mostly his notching and
serrating techniques. Errett stayed in close contact with Gene for
many years, Gene a master knapper of percussion and, like Don, about
the nicest and humblest guy he'd ever met.
Some other overseas influences on Errett were Jacques Pelegrin and Bo
Madsen. Pelegrin had been Bordes number one student in France,
working under him for years. Pelgrin first trained with Bordes over
six summers, for three weeks each summer. Pelegrin worked with a
hardwood billit, which he learned to use from Bordes's friend in
Paris, Jacques Tixier, whom was one of the Masters of flintworking of
the time. Pelegrin became very good with boxwood. Jacques Pelegrin's
father built a cottage in the French woods, here Jacques reflected on
archaeological concepts and flintknapping. At this time, in the
1970s, Pilegrin was writing a bit back and forth to Master Don
Crabtree in the USA and Jacques had begun to read and interprit
Crabtree's publications. Pelegrin did public flintknapping
demonstations in the Archeodrome, which is on the main road between
Beaune and Lyon, France. He is concidered one of the best
flintknappers in the world. Pelegrin and Bordes learned English
together and spend years flintknapping together and learning, master
and student became knapping partners. Jacques Pelgrin went through
almost all the Paleolthic French technologies while learning his
craft- Levallois, blade making, different kinds of Paleolithic tools,
different kinds of flint cores, and leave points, including Solutrean
pressure material. It is an interesting fact that Pelegrin learned to
flintknap standing up and only changes after his first exposure to
other knappers and text. Crabtree died on November 16,
1980 from complications of heart disease, within six months of
Francois Bordes . When Bordes and Crabtree passed away the 1970's
academic flintknapping heyday passed away with Them .It was Francois Bordes that realy put flintknapping on the world map.
Bordes was internationally known for having studied and recreating
ancient stone tools from 12,000 years ago. Bordes duplicated some 63
tool types. Bordes made over 100,000 stone tools in his life. He was
Born in France in 1919. Bordes was director of the Labratory of
Quarternary Geology and History at the University of Bordeaux,
France. Bordes concluded that there were four Neanderthal cultures
based on stone tool assembleges.
Francois Bordes was an accomplished fellow. He wrote many books which
include the Old Stone Age and A Tale Of Two Caves. He wrote several
books and many articles under the "pen name" Francis Carsac. Bordes
was a hot tempered fellow, with a massive brain and bank account to
match, he often visited America and his friends; Don Crabtree, Errett
Callahan and Bruce Bradely. Francois Bordes died on April 30th, 1981
while lecturing at the University of Arizona at Tuson.
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnLNDbAXHAUSFDlHTAr2w6G2tNEZZuIKdQglwp3kAcQ7F4J9m5qDvq-xCtOF_5-Yj71zp_1cVjdw-k7k45Va3v5ZEIOz-kdufnufcMa-0Eq5MM_nT17B1DRvJvl5ZMHI2Mh4D3CratrfoI/s1600/carsac.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnLNDbAXHAUSFDlHTAr2w6G2tNEZZuIKdQglwp3kAcQ7F4J9m5qDvq-xCtOF_5-Yj71zp_1cVjdw-k7k45Va3v5ZEIOz-kdufnufcMa-0Eq5MM_nT17B1DRvJvl5ZMHI2Mh4D3CratrfoI/s320/carsac.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitDXUqsfjdsds1P56lwOP7u0BTlbViIoRi7-ekRz7v64MNjjuDEo39zsMm1aoCtrEeRTz27BTq5uCGlHRH1OTkAAPePh-fotaYztFDW50UtsrvUC4dYlFzI1XybililL0bT5FuyTL6A_Dh/s1600/AVT_Francis-Carsac_7625.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitDXUqsfjdsds1P56lwOP7u0BTlbViIoRi7-ekRz7v64MNjjuDEo39zsMm1aoCtrEeRTz27BTq5uCGlHRH1OTkAAPePh-fotaYztFDW50UtsrvUC4dYlFzI1XybililL0bT5FuyTL6A_Dh/s640/AVT_Francis-Carsac_7625.jpg" width="479" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6ZlMRENLkyNaJpbqSF52vNDoVNvJiW-8rtC8xUu3k7ixX9WJvV0Wohu0oJJJsSHTxl-Ib9hq565CP7cE3l8q5kQt4qlFx6d6H4v09uq3sI_VHofkPtiUxbpeZDn2TrfJd1_ZwpxfVJPkl/s1600/bordes.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6ZlMRENLkyNaJpbqSF52vNDoVNvJiW-8rtC8xUu3k7ixX9WJvV0Wohu0oJJJsSHTxl-Ib9hq565CP7cE3l8q5kQt4qlFx6d6H4v09uq3sI_VHofkPtiUxbpeZDn2TrfJd1_ZwpxfVJPkl/s320/bordes.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWf1ANC34g3p4kcfR3K1sY0TdTE7vhsCnf0JHyXAFfx0BBYjvhjgSMkuFs_izOIKA4Y-dWR7RrKSMG58bEKTBBPIBT9tK_8gpH_2p9a4tZesdk3UHM9_GcNxPpprpVpXAz9M5KdbYcxq6u/s1600/F_-Bordes.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWf1ANC34g3p4kcfR3K1sY0TdTE7vhsCnf0JHyXAFfx0BBYjvhjgSMkuFs_izOIKA4Y-dWR7RrKSMG58bEKTBBPIBT9tK_8gpH_2p9a4tZesdk3UHM9_GcNxPpprpVpXAz9M5KdbYcxq6u/s320/F_-Bordes.jpg" /></a>
<b>
February 26, 1999
8:00 - 12:00
Field Techniques and Analytical Methods Workshop
Presentation by Dr. Irv Rovner
North Carolina State University</b> :
Jane Eastman: Our next presenter is Dr. Irwin Rovner from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at North Carolina State University. He is going to be talking about the digital imaging methods and equipment. He’s got this system on display near the flintknapping.
Rovner: I was told that we’re going to be talking about methodology this morning. So, you want methodology – I don’t have any slides of sunsets, I don’t have any slides of stratigraphic units. I have no slides of artifacts. If you want methodology, you’re going to get methodology.
For me, this is almost a homecoming. What has to be clearly the most phenomenal professional experience I’ve ever had in my entire career as an archaeologist was years ago when I was fortunate enough to be selected for one of the first Don Crabtree flintknapping schools. I sat in the cottonwood grove on the edge of the Snake River breaking rock with Don Crabtree the year that Francois Bordes showed up. To sit there and break rock with those two pioneering giants of lithic replication studies was just unsurpassed. To watch those two men – to actually break rock with them – was sublime.
[There were] many, many stories that may never see print. We had a truckload of Glass Buttes, Oregon, obsidian, which Don Crabtree loved. Of course, we all used obsidian. But when Francois arrived, he went right past the big pile of obsidian, right for the vesicular basalts and the cherts and the quartzites. He did his work on the Dordogne flints, you know. So, I watched him do his work and he would sit under the tree and he would sing Hank Williams Country and Western songs, punctuated by French obscenities every time he popped a hinge fracture. Wonderful! It may be politically incorrect, but I asked him, “Professor Bordes, don’t you use obsidian?” He said, “Ah! Obsidian is terrible stuff. It is like a woman – very fragile and never does what you want it to!”
The story of modern California knapping. I met Jeannie Binning at the
1984 NARC knap in. Jeannie one of the better knappers, and is most
likely the best female flintknapper in the world,at that time, and still, , She is now an
instructor at U.C. Riverside. This is where she got her Ph.D..
Jeannie was born and raised in southern California and got her BA
degree and Cal. State Northrige while working at NARC. Jeannie
Binning is a master at knapping obsidian and true to her instructors,
Don Crabtree and later Jeffery Flenniken, she is excellent at
knapping large wide obsidian bifaced blades. Jeannie was told me the
story of when she first went to the Crabtree Flintknapping Field
School in Idaho. She and some other students arrived at the little
airport and some old guy came and picked the up in some old jalopy,
the guy was nice enough and rather unassuming. It wasn't until they
were at their destination that she learned the old guy was" the dean
of American flintknapping", Don Crabtree. She told me that when Don
was teaching her some technique and he cut his hand. he was on blood
thinners for his heart condition and blood was squirting everywhere ,
but he kept on knapping, he was intent on teaching me. Jeannie has
been to many of the Field Schools, first as a student then as an
assistant. It was through Crabtree that Jeannie met Francois Bordes.
For one of Bordes Films, he was required to percussion knap, so Jeannie
supplied him some Farmington Chert, a very notoriously tough California lithic material,
Bordes swung his hammer stone as hard as he could, without any notable results. and between filming cussed profusely in French.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
According to Bruce Bradley "François Bordes spent a whole semester at U of A in spring 1970 and he and I spent most every spare moment knapping in a little room on the ground floor of the Anthro building. I still don't know why it was, but he and I hit it off extremely well (pun intended). Our temperaments were absolute opposites. I was born with patience (in knapping) and a high threshold of frustration. When something went wrong and I screwed up I would, for the most part, shrug my shoulders and toss the offending pieces over my shoulder and quietly begin over. François on the other hand was a 'power knapper' and what he lacked in finesse he made up for in sheer force. You can imagine how this worked with the brittle obsidian we had to work with. There was an almost unbroken string of obscenities wafting out of that little room and bouncing around the halls of the Anthro. building. One of François's favorite sayings was "Flint, she is a woman, obsidian, she is a whore". I learned how to swear in 14 languages! A skill I seldom employ, but on rare occasions I can still be heard mumbling unintelligibly some of those colorful phrases.
François invited me to participate in his middle paleolithic excavations in SW France that summer and I spent several glorious months digging in 50,000 year old sites, knapping incredible flint (mostly Bergerac), and exploring the countryside and backwoods of the Dordogne. During this time, I once again met up with Jacques Tixier who invited me to come to Lebanon and dig with him near Beirut. This I couldn't pass up and I went there in September 1970. Although I was there only a short three weeks, I managed to have some great adventures and discovered the amazing light pink flint of the Baka Valley. On the way home, I visited a French Canadian archaeologist who I worked with in France, in Cambridge, England. There I was introduced to the rich blue-black flints of the European chalks. I managed to visit the famous Brandon gunflint knapping areas and saw Grimes Graves, the neolithic flint mining complex. All the while I continued knapping at every possible opportunity."
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
BORDES IN AMERICA JAMES SACKETT:
"Finally, a word is in order regarding Bordes’ quite special relationship to America, which he first
saw in 1959, revisited numerous times, and where he ultimately met his untimely death. His
feelings about the USA, true to his contradictory character, were highly mixed. For he was
A horizontal exposure of a stone pavage found in the uppermost Paleolithic occupation floor at Solvieux.
14
intensively chauvinistic, as we have seen, and in fact viscerally anti-American when it came to
matters of foreign policy. Some of his remarks on the topic were callously insensitive, especially
to those of us who had lost family, friends, and neighbors on French soil in two world wars. Yet
his love of our land, as opposed to our nation, was itself altogether genuine. He was particularly
attracted, as are many Europeans, by the vast and raw beauty of the Southwest, an attraction no
doubt enriched by an almost juvenile nostalgia for the lore of the old Far West created by
American cowboy novels and movies. And there was something in the openness of the
American character he particularly enjoyed, perhaps, fairly or not, in contrast to the supposed
reserve of our Anglophone counterparts across the ocean.
My impression is that Americans were more likely than his own countryman to find him in a
relaxed, congenial, and receptive mood. In part this was due to the fact that he was as welcome
in New York as Los Angeles, in Chicago as in San Francisco. And intellectual life in America
probably seemed less factionalized and partisan than it is in France (a fact, as we have seen, for
which he himself must bear some responsibility). Then too was the great esteem he enjoyed
among American replicators of stone tools, stemming from his early association with Donald
Crabtree. Knappers all belong to the same fraternity and practice a craft and mindset that overrides
ethnic, linguistic, and even archaeological boundaries. As a result, Bordes was able to forge
close and empathetic bonds with skilled colleagues who may never have known nor cared how
the stratigraphy of Pech de l’Azé correlates with that of Combe-Grenal or why some researchers
argue that conventionally recognized Early Magdalenian industries constitute an historically
distinct techno-complex, the Badegoulian. I imagine he welcomed the intellectual vacation this
afforded.
Bordes was fond of American students, and they reciprocated warmly. They found it difficult to
resist someone who loved to show off, spoke so colorfully and amusingly in a strong French
accent, all the while sporting a cowboy hat and a Far-West bola tie. But, at a more fundamental
level, they felt the force of his scholarly dedication and eagerness to share his knowledge; they
appreciated the fact that he took them seriously, even if they did not always have the preparation
needed to follow the details of his argument. I believe this is why he took so much care in
writing that lucid exposition of Mousterian archeology, A Tale of Two Caves (1972), which to
my knowledge sadly never appeared in French..
Bordes’ relations with his fellow prehistorians in America are not so easily summarized. While
he was highly respected by nearly all—he was (and remains so thirty years after his death)--the
center of controversy with respect to theoretical matters. I doubt he took it all too seriously. To be
sure, he admired the accomplishments and vigor of North American archaeologists, and for
obvious reasons followed developments in Paleo-Indian research closely. But he never bought
into the proposition that archaeology is anthropology or it is nothing. And he thought the
philosophical posturing of the New Archaeology of his era pretentiously naive. At the same time,
he seemingly felt that that the problem was exacerbated by the fact that most American
15
archaeologists at the time era were to be found in academic departments, intellectual settings
whose nature it is to promote theoretical controversy for its own sake (especially among those of
its members who otherwise would have nothing of substance to say). I suspect he held, probably
rightly, that American archaeology would be better served if the country possessed a semiindependent,
empirically oriented scientific establishment comparable to the excellent Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, which supplied the bulk of the full-time archaeological
researchers in France.
Again, of course, I simplify. No one denies that a scientific engine cannot be driven without good
theory, and Bordes knew this as well as any American. But to the end he remained a militantly
down-to-earth homme-de-terrain. It was ignorance and intellectual pretension, not ideas, that he
opposed. And if he sometimes struck Americans as being diffident and over simplistic in dealing
with theoretical questions, we must keep in mind the dualistic nature of his character. For
archaeological theory must have seemed rather dull in comparison to the rich store of novelty
and imagination which he found in sharing the same mind with his alter ego, Françis Carsac.
Perhaps Americans would have had a greater and more nuanced appreciation of François Bordes
had they also been given the opportunity to know Francis Carsac. But Carsac, unfortunately,
never spoke a word of English."
JAMES SACKETT
Professor emeritus, Anthropology, UCLA
Director, European Laboratory
Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
University of California, Los Angeles
THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-14988213695805257272013-04-25T15:27:00.000-07:002013-04-25T15:27:12.890-07:00JOHN WELLMAN<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX0o93im_8C3czuXGwOnhqrrUe8MUZlabYZmE4RvlZWCbkoqhrjvzT0UgHifD0bnvw0DCfuYLsAMaHEyHfogqo_mbygmyxFsX1UuSzwtknyB150g3Z3k_JFoS0Tayj_OD2Wv04rYY0-luN/s1600/JOHN+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX0o93im_8C3czuXGwOnhqrrUe8MUZlabYZmE4RvlZWCbkoqhrjvzT0UgHifD0bnvw0DCfuYLsAMaHEyHfogqo_mbygmyxFsX1UuSzwtknyB150g3Z3k_JFoS0Tayj_OD2Wv04rYY0-luN/s320/JOHN+1.jpg" width="316" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXMwanE3jTSMIkV9ujLfKayXM_L0aNLB79nDE8xKzKaf_16NHEkgg591FBw1KdqrL1N676kcelLGQNEkkg0at6iiPWxkuGk_RqXn51Is-Tw45q6qgEsOSkfKueqMNckRJcmkZtT34GjIg6/s1600/JOHN+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXMwanE3jTSMIkV9ujLfKayXM_L0aNLB79nDE8xKzKaf_16NHEkgg591FBw1KdqrL1N676kcelLGQNEkkg0at6iiPWxkuGk_RqXn51Is-Tw45q6qgEsOSkfKueqMNckRJcmkZtT34GjIg6/s640/JOHN+2.jpg" width="438" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-LnPrPDwrLvRI0_iRWMbYaSrOYu6K6_Ln8acjliBf2zU5sdRTU5FyRFThPvf-bsy7Vjq90wZbvfws9o3odMEfdWDz02adMLleNqg5oPquYpe8tyqlUnI9R0BpDIwY7HVSwfvR8OIkPM2F/s1600/JOHN+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-LnPrPDwrLvRI0_iRWMbYaSrOYu6K6_Ln8acjliBf2zU5sdRTU5FyRFThPvf-bsy7Vjq90wZbvfws9o3odMEfdWDz02adMLleNqg5oPquYpe8tyqlUnI9R0BpDIwY7HVSwfvR8OIkPM2F/s320/JOHN+3.jpg" width="225" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnd4twtYnYJfwi32RhvvATPjlQCoo37IhaqRs2ceiUc7G2EmP1Sus6pcdqUZjB-KXFrryAOoXD5qPrEigF8fs0Lr2Hv3_62Suir8dEBbi2Yi_eImLMLEo-jKnJR430erpFyovu1iVpIlwl/s1600/JOHN+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnd4twtYnYJfwi32RhvvATPjlQCoo37IhaqRs2ceiUc7G2EmP1Sus6pcdqUZjB-KXFrryAOoXD5qPrEigF8fs0Lr2Hv3_62Suir8dEBbi2Yi_eImLMLEo-jKnJR430erpFyovu1iVpIlwl/s320/JOHN+7.jpg" width="245" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifk6pIZb7q3sCMwysATQdSUhVXKBoyAamV6bUXvJCbcnU5RxRvid3vIv3QYRlOYN4DpZa0rZIlqdhahA9O25iI5bHzJGYpayblshdFdVfJxlA6hAJH8UEcDLtmGgraeWD1McZuYIVcpipP/s1600/JOHN+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifk6pIZb7q3sCMwysATQdSUhVXKBoyAamV6bUXvJCbcnU5RxRvid3vIv3QYRlOYN4DpZa0rZIlqdhahA9O25iI5bHzJGYpayblshdFdVfJxlA6hAJH8UEcDLtmGgraeWD1McZuYIVcpipP/s640/JOHN+6.jpg" width="446" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8hW1MCzLMVtuKBajIbKKwq62lgyEN65OtRtzSCY2o8wLHVp7o8IAg4Pmt7rxRvfpiVex2bRqiH41TBK8YmYPuplqtCaVLilItBj_WUisFfNV12gx086TLTyQrFvBEBoCX4KFVe5S9lsPf/s1600/JOHN+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8hW1MCzLMVtuKBajIbKKwq62lgyEN65OtRtzSCY2o8wLHVp7o8IAg4Pmt7rxRvfpiVex2bRqiH41TBK8YmYPuplqtCaVLilItBj_WUisFfNV12gx086TLTyQrFvBEBoCX4KFVe5S9lsPf/s320/JOHN+5.jpg" width="291" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTgeMHqH3lslr1pgVT1KEjmXrbsdpnGZcWB9-IGkeL7pJZCxmyXgBbnoeaWprHzjRd_6_-u8zRiJPT4HicgkAWZj-2-7H36jMBfw8W1SaT8L2AxboCmfKI5m7cciHtZZWRpxCD8gQIFeIm/s1600/JOHN+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTgeMHqH3lslr1pgVT1KEjmXrbsdpnGZcWB9-IGkeL7pJZCxmyXgBbnoeaWprHzjRd_6_-u8zRiJPT4HicgkAWZj-2-7H36jMBfw8W1SaT8L2AxboCmfKI5m7cciHtZZWRpxCD8gQIFeIm/s320/JOHN+4.jpg" width="225" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8vhNnzDn_Kn4121wEkL-PGVoz7k_HxpuDvDpFg3VRbdgeQMHIrkmOsP86scNfexQn3da7ch-yWvsPbbo1l_DFB-dAbQBIA0gc7ztHjCCNmexAVMbRBZpnYXYO2uySMH3Y-Zezf_8hZ6s/s1600-h/wrightwood+1989+%2311.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151430739181670402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8vhNnzDn_Kn4121wEkL-PGVoz7k_HxpuDvDpFg3VRbdgeQMHIrkmOsP86scNfexQn3da7ch-yWvsPbbo1l_DFB-dAbQBIA0gc7ztHjCCNmexAVMbRBZpnYXYO2uySMH3Y-Zezf_8hZ6s/s400/wrightwood+1989+%2311.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
John Wellman, Ray Harwood and the late Robert Rexroth cutting up antler tools<br />
and making one of John's "twist flakers".<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkz7v0zGWFLUd_dU1Rixv9LUgwIDBq2mOC9S7lBjEs-H67hIiUW0srhnXUfRGE9SvKbimM5yVm_QEtmei3NjOxk9nWq9kzHGV14XQL8WCyxik7vJyKd8gu51BDJMTnRnZW_bX38GlvVXI/s1600-h/wrightwood+1989+%2314.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151429974677491698" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkz7v0zGWFLUd_dU1Rixv9LUgwIDBq2mOC9S7lBjEs-H67hIiUW0srhnXUfRGE9SvKbimM5yVm_QEtmei3NjOxk9nWq9kzHGV14XQL8WCyxik7vJyKd8gu51BDJMTnRnZW_bX38GlvVXI/s400/wrightwood+1989+%2314.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
Here John Wellman demonstrates his "twist flaker" I saw john make many very nice points with this tool. He wrote an article about it in the Mound Builder books publication :20thCentury Lithics", edited by D.C. Waldorf.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw-pA6uZOgAISZNVbBedC-PmQ10mSHLRxnVIbfd5FI6PaZ4HhajQgCP6wIcN3O9MJysPL927T_PoCTsjJcYUn7kkcct6bi0OXhCaCvnDuKAPy5D2HI6rZHVO9lzjJbzqXOQQgtWFtlTRo/s1600-h/wrightwood+1989+%2331.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5151428522978545618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw-pA6uZOgAISZNVbBedC-PmQ10mSHLRxnVIbfd5FI6PaZ4HhajQgCP6wIcN3O9MJysPL927T_PoCTsjJcYUn7kkcct6bi0OXhCaCvnDuKAPy5D2HI6rZHVO9lzjJbzqXOQQgtWFtlTRo/s400/wrightwood+1989+%2331.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
John Wellman here demonstrates his fluting board. He and I spend many an hour fluting points with this in the 1980s. <br />
<br />
I met John Wellman in 1988, over the phone and later met him at the 1989 Wrightwood knap-in. John was a teacher in the bay area and knapped a lot of Clear Lake and Borax Lake obsidian he had collected. John was from the old school and was friends with many of the old "Flintknapper's Exchange" . J.B Sollberger, Crabtree and Callahan. John was turned off by the knapping communities' politics and dropped out in 1978, but when he say some new knappers out there...ie me and "da boys" he resurfaced and became active again. He published the book and tape "Sequential Flaking" with was a giant book of hundreds of pages. John was one of the most knowledgeable knappers I ever met. He pioneered the "twist flaker" and "fluting board" but he was an expert at everything: fluting, pattern flaking and percussion. John wrote for"Flintknapper'Exchange", "Flintknapping Digest" "20th Century Lithics" and "Chips". John came by my house last about 15 years ago.THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-28864950148442487322013-04-23T17:01:00.000-07:002013-04-23T17:01:33.713-07:00FLINTKNAPPER/ BOWYER: JOE DABILL <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5DM48vGfctzdClQkCx8FiVXk-KXCueSyJyfXrumldoNhMHQvFPTUQy-YLjBZeGZj6KuZEpV91YcSVn9pQNCGBmYoscV1JrWSfIODffDRfFpp1MRV1a-HIr-p1IT786OKjLJFoVs3jFApn/s1600/joe+18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="85" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5DM48vGfctzdClQkCx8FiVXk-KXCueSyJyfXrumldoNhMHQvFPTUQy-YLjBZeGZj6KuZEpV91YcSVn9pQNCGBmYoscV1JrWSfIODffDRfFpp1MRV1a-HIr-p1IT786OKjLJFoVs3jFApn/s320/joe+18.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXhNUzC8RNgZl78Du6746CAV8_nOPQbFHkMRfUM8nabpuQPClxqWhFJiKu3ktgcgUbIYZ4x0a7trj9zaO5t2Qsy36DzbZO3ht500DJ6e1X2exzIM-Ksa07mEIo9eWhpcrDmIPybwpPGodU/s1600/joe+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXhNUzC8RNgZl78Du6746CAV8_nOPQbFHkMRfUM8nabpuQPClxqWhFJiKu3ktgcgUbIYZ4x0a7trj9zaO5t2Qsy36DzbZO3ht500DJ6e1X2exzIM-Ksa07mEIo9eWhpcrDmIPybwpPGodU/s320/joe+9.jpg" width="211" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
&<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm3oPEQAbJNHieJbANy-m7KymGIZlnP3kRnVxYEJfDYXDzSr1A32x8JNUTz4nlnSYzHZfboA3-zWzZrvCZsV8APvomYtbv8Un0wNjWmoOtxXLBJdNRcIvgk0AwomT4cMqU5OupnASg-6sJ/s1600/joe+10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm3oPEQAbJNHieJbANy-m7KymGIZlnP3kRnVxYEJfDYXDzSr1A32x8JNUTz4nlnSYzHZfboA3-zWzZrvCZsV8APvomYtbv8Un0wNjWmoOtxXLBJdNRcIvgk0AwomT4cMqU5OupnASg-6sJ/s640/joe+10.jpg" width="518" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjksjsPQXPW4AUEfh-c-gXEbYsrfeI48yPq36-mFBZDh24NT6RPUXqyd7dBTHR07Xzx-PEE6ksKmM1sWSwobSlIUizqr12JtKTm9zaHMDD55J56TyqYPRu7E4SqYdY4rb7ieZtruND7PN7d/s1600/joe+11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjksjsPQXPW4AUEfh-c-gXEbYsrfeI48yPq36-mFBZDh24NT6RPUXqyd7dBTHR07Xzx-PEE6ksKmM1sWSwobSlIUizqr12JtKTm9zaHMDD55J56TyqYPRu7E4SqYdY4rb7ieZtruND7PN7d/s320/joe+11.jpg" width="277" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPmVgxqzt1QCd8YutHcyLc_FyoFCbVbpehFo9RVqu4yQcKIhpDEH-P4aT0XjtS8jmQS3xr-hZ62mWWPkMh76vexqg2Z-uOC2LTvJ-IGVQdjHCDSFfvwoYL9MTNMqNZqolVSjFud_BMCpAv/s1600/joe+16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPmVgxqzt1QCd8YutHcyLc_FyoFCbVbpehFo9RVqu4yQcKIhpDEH-P4aT0XjtS8jmQS3xr-hZ62mWWPkMh76vexqg2Z-uOC2LTvJ-IGVQdjHCDSFfvwoYL9MTNMqNZqolVSjFud_BMCpAv/s320/joe+16.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwdk1b6Gnrqj_jKGGIk92vyH_xibm4YPW-8-u3FVodW1zQCb-yfgRUYpUuqL5388B9pgxhBXCaUnf69FnJ-AnGKB25OEj9z1bIqRAIYK6OqchI-QCfvwYh2YW5sIMBV1Zzz3VkDBv15iM/s1600/joe+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwdk1b6Gnrqj_jKGGIk92vyH_xibm4YPW-8-u3FVodW1zQCb-yfgRUYpUuqL5388B9pgxhBXCaUnf69FnJ-AnGKB25OEj9z1bIqRAIYK6OqchI-QCfvwYh2YW5sIMBV1Zzz3VkDBv15iM/s320/joe+8.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1>
Joe Dabill - Instructor in Primitive Technology</h1>
<!-- CONTACT --> <br />
<div id="orgContact">
<div id="orgContactBG">
<div id="orgContactGuts">
<h2>
Contact Information</h2>
<b>Contact Person: </b>Joe Dabill<br />
<b>Phone: </b>805-466-4336<br />
, </div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- CONTACT end --> <!-- PROG/RES OFFERED --> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="programsresources"></a><br />
<h2>
Programs/Resources Offered by this Provider</h2>
<a href="http://creec.edgateway.net/cs/creec8p/view/creec_res/2752">Native Skills Demonstrations</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3xyt9RFfocmUgJvLf1W6-a8nUtERW4YAOCj14Kz77kzGpK1UE99ktvG_OFt_nKizh77BoFhLtKPnN4RTU0gr97eAE0F_rXrBDN1jMoDQS4vvWLlENGXozRazA3CBMvO_yNtq3IW9Ky1lF/s1600/joe+32.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3xyt9RFfocmUgJvLf1W6-a8nUtERW4YAOCj14Kz77kzGpK1UE99ktvG_OFt_nKizh77BoFhLtKPnN4RTU0gr97eAE0F_rXrBDN1jMoDQS4vvWLlENGXozRazA3CBMvO_yNtq3IW9Ky1lF/s320/joe+32.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7Sf5jQ-y3s3eP33fIpL_RvmDrhGhUafrOPWv5fEe9m-kIlLPgPJp3nbZPPr86QxZqo_RAunHvfzwMHS7ZiAC-EME05O8C4kM1hHvpEnal57JkJcXMwxaGWTare9YPfdbuFd_YpO2y8b4B/s1600/joe+30.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7Sf5jQ-y3s3eP33fIpL_RvmDrhGhUafrOPWv5fEe9m-kIlLPgPJp3nbZPPr86QxZqo_RAunHvfzwMHS7ZiAC-EME05O8C4kM1hHvpEnal57JkJcXMwxaGWTare9YPfdbuFd_YpO2y8b4B/s320/joe+30.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
Organizational Information</h2>
<b>Type of Environmental Education Provider: </b>For Profit<br />
<b>Mission Statement: </b>Joe Dabill, Instructor in Primitive Technology <br />
Joe Dabill uses natural materials to make beautiful and fully functional tools. Tribes hire him to teach native skills to their children. Several museums have his work on display and he is published in the Journal of Primitive Technology. <br />
<br />
His skills include: edible and useful plants, bow and arrow construction, flint knapping, tanning animal hides, fire making by hand drill, cordage making, Indian games, instruments and jewelry.<br />
<b>Counties Served: </b>Marin, Kern, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, Ventura<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Hsi4mdkTFH-1DZkF1kzu3oFITzRB4JVNeLDkpVYhd8_ioqv4Sx-phIlFtPN0EfPUv8Ja6vpT8h2X1HJJ8WNHMkFhkP2FyQnWWg9ivVOb4KMjIWjH3ATs6WaYsJCvW2RQrolRsicrSYTG/s1600/11++ISHI+J.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Hsi4mdkTFH-1DZkF1kzu3oFITzRB4JVNeLDkpVYhd8_ioqv4Sx-phIlFtPN0EfPUv8Ja6vpT8h2X1HJJ8WNHMkFhkP2FyQnWWg9ivVOb4KMjIWjH3ATs6WaYsJCvW2RQrolRsicrSYTG/s320/11++ISHI+J.jpg" width="271" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5nWpsvK2VgGKIlU-I208Yad2DrlOqjlZ68vSMSuMkq8WoWwXP2jBJ9SXEw-nq0dewnnIi853feA4dAaH6_QpGEqczcS4fMGqeKu4i5aXUQYn_S9tvBrgHB-eUZKZohXCZG-Bw4sHMrsM/s1600-h/Ray+and+Joe.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="640" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5181487203716660274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5nWpsvK2VgGKIlU-I208Yad2DrlOqjlZ68vSMSuMkq8WoWwXP2jBJ9SXEw-nq0dewnnIi853feA4dAaH6_QpGEqczcS4fMGqeKu4i5aXUQYn_S9tvBrgHB-eUZKZohXCZG-Bw4sHMrsM/s640/Ray+and+Joe.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" width="596" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL/ RAY HARWOOD</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Dr. Jeannie Binning with Steve Carter.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhePZC0pBc9WMFlvSAjVeiwn6fjaboI1Lasvf5lLL5VBuu2fECHKB0sJFV-1GuK7FKRSS8uq2717SAGmH2jvkvOwE5FYfaD5IxgE62EunyLXxaV9K8VL-bTa7MAazlr-HMokQ2i3YzkusQ/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+27.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150688654732267154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhePZC0pBc9WMFlvSAjVeiwn6fjaboI1Lasvf5lLL5VBuu2fECHKB0sJFV-1GuK7FKRSS8uq2717SAGmH2jvkvOwE5FYfaD5IxgE62EunyLXxaV9K8VL-bTa7MAazlr-HMokQ2i3YzkusQ/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+27.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Dr.Jeannie Binning bifacing a large obsidian spall, onlookers are Peter Ainsworth, Terry Frederick and Steve Carter. Jeannie alway drew a hefty crowd when she made large Crabtree bifaces. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV7sw9JGptFEZwOHolNaLmsamQh3qm9xexIRPC1hS1Uep1w3HlcWQ_ZCX-4irGdyn1r_bl8Co3a3ZcIlTlMWWwwDjh6AvxnH7BsEaOuqXr6pCvNnWAFDByRiHqhC66_JJVH6Kjhec0yzU/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+26.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150688263890243202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV7sw9JGptFEZwOHolNaLmsamQh3qm9xexIRPC1hS1Uep1w3HlcWQ_ZCX-4irGdyn1r_bl8Co3a3ZcIlTlMWWwwDjh6AvxnH7BsEaOuqXr6pCvNnWAFDByRiHqhC66_JJVH6Kjhec0yzU/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+26.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Alton Safford ,Steve Carter, Joe Dabill and Peter Ainsworth in the knapping circle.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYvUZN98McicvQwI2yur4Rg01gLelo-HhU-AGZqB8JfZpZmBUAOulPzzMDz4AQdZV04lLGw-Vk_Aa8CIdvAiMBmYKKrI_sTsUAm603-CY5ePaVPv5sh0qHAtg-D29R2VP4Cq8k2wKXhdU/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+25.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150688053436845682" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYvUZN98McicvQwI2yur4Rg01gLelo-HhU-AGZqB8JfZpZmBUAOulPzzMDz4AQdZV04lLGw-Vk_Aa8CIdvAiMBmYKKrI_sTsUAm603-CY5ePaVPv5sh0qHAtg-D29R2VP4Cq8k2wKXhdU/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+25.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Terry Frederick enters the "knapping zone"<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9fsu0KcgVZYn9FHSbwS8CbIHSDhKt-snjiRdrp-Cg8QpClkcZUs2WYfmJa-ZwqNESmM65jOkKkVTeebtRCK-8hjuoeKP6fhEaZ4w_AAdaQPNPLG9eM3SUEow9J-kQvBPfMQS4RI6heHI/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+24.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150687761379069538" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9fsu0KcgVZYn9FHSbwS8CbIHSDhKt-snjiRdrp-Cg8QpClkcZUs2WYfmJa-ZwqNESmM65jOkKkVTeebtRCK-8hjuoeKP6fhEaZ4w_AAdaQPNPLG9eM3SUEow9J-kQvBPfMQS4RI6heHI/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+24.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Barney DeSimone using an Ishi stick.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHcr7LgtFXJjYRKeBdtKtsgXhcu2o-kahszVWJQG06RJN6srxQnZXhU1wHRHZLZyOuYDnyRiF8SIFznJ5mM7MK7uVYFXenpm7z8PZfws5R_ikuHAPRIuTMpH14U_1llEh2KcYwWoC-pd0/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+23.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150687228803124818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHcr7LgtFXJjYRKeBdtKtsgXhcu2o-kahszVWJQG06RJN6srxQnZXhU1wHRHZLZyOuYDnyRiF8SIFznJ5mM7MK7uVYFXenpm7z8PZfws5R_ikuHAPRIuTMpH14U_1llEh2KcYwWoC-pd0/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+23.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Steve Carter has a strange knapping method, he pulls the flake from the top!? Errett Callahan said Steve is one of a kind! Steve has the respect of both academic and folk knappers. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOP2zQql8ZK8ULoFhO8UvXkUa4ps5fX_j1SasB08H9-9mKHi8BQ8X5IC4vMEvd-y9MbODxYDEG3RoPl-bdDuOXUgXUF_7_mCHdK5fVTk36pl7rgeay3bziejlgB41bUuiaTz3ulsl3Hjs/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+18.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150686687637245506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOP2zQql8ZK8ULoFhO8UvXkUa4ps5fX_j1SasB08H9-9mKHi8BQ8X5IC4vMEvd-y9MbODxYDEG3RoPl-bdDuOXUgXUF_7_mCHdK5fVTk36pl7rgeay3bziejlgB41bUuiaTz3ulsl3Hjs/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+18.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Ray Harwood tells Barney DeSimone and Steve Carter to look at the camera. We were planning out trip to Arizona for obsidian - we went but did not find it.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbgVp388oWRVEblbfkHOMTfwO6fRUIRmu0uh6ZtcToGXbEpFA4gsqixga4mq9JLLRc-S8UFi9yCt37UMXnQchkbTFIBfWgeN_88silq0_obnv39EULJKOStmW1QXsmc8LfGfUXHcn14f8/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+15.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150686386989534770" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbgVp388oWRVEblbfkHOMTfwO6fRUIRmu0uh6ZtcToGXbEpFA4gsqixga4mq9JLLRc-S8UFi9yCt37UMXnQchkbTFIBfWgeN_88silq0_obnv39EULJKOStmW1QXsmc8LfGfUXHcn14f8/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+15.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
Alton Safford Demos the sling! Damn son---<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6ghDeimiZ8PXJwbHA1HyE8XoQxYj8jMZR7P5maCgKB2SMrdILwV9MHyrqSlYc56va9RVDc7m7ial8IWJa5hbmjmOjn0mvl9E6gC8LU1xLqM2GqMLAIyOvljoBlL9NI1FU5UrlDAs3t6g/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+13.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150686150766333474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6ghDeimiZ8PXJwbHA1HyE8XoQxYj8jMZR7P5maCgKB2SMrdILwV9MHyrqSlYc56va9RVDc7m7ial8IWJa5hbmjmOjn0mvl9E6gC8LU1xLqM2GqMLAIyOvljoBlL9NI1FU5UrlDAs3t6g/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+13.JPG" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxPP4NhCzoCGn3tkP5fyN3xOvEmnZsq8Znnqmpipo0_oOeemsmflsllXLdFlr-JQky2NmiYj6Ae9won9wn9nRr05lMyqThTCXgSz8Fgh7Ii8TK8U5GgZ_vJO51lD7I93MvZ2JNxTfUSQw/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+12.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150685948902870546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxPP4NhCzoCGn3tkP5fyN3xOvEmnZsq8Znnqmpipo0_oOeemsmflsllXLdFlr-JQky2NmiYj6Ae9won9wn9nRr05lMyqThTCXgSz8Fgh7Ii8TK8U5GgZ_vJO51lD7I93MvZ2JNxTfUSQw/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+12.JPG" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Joe Dabil demonstrated the atlatl.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIRNxm2amsFFfqB6bidrhF3tNNvceLPosImMAh_Y9bRfdNn6pH4jEGcAmqLwlZwn6AmwECUFz-9wMWkJKZhLlDkCTDSpge0LekkUt548mCHJn0CdDdj2OUSmhtbIKG8Vy3lGCPU7cDmfU/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+10.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150685454981631490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIRNxm2amsFFfqB6bidrhF3tNNvceLPosImMAh_Y9bRfdNn6pH4jEGcAmqLwlZwn6AmwECUFz-9wMWkJKZhLlDkCTDSpge0LekkUt548mCHJn0CdDdj2OUSmhtbIKG8Vy3lGCPU7cDmfU/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+10.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
On lookers admire Steve Carter's work, among them Barney DeSimone.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvdZkrXOFNXiR2pGUjkdnZclbWPtRLfqO8DjokRerb0hkdnWmO9_5VfMRxz1FCYOFMflm4VussFOpGo9uYsmfr9ViJbqHtJVTXfh2d-tgyNgG4pOwczMwFdmARAsp0AFiJAbNxtQWpSxE/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+7.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150685119974182386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvdZkrXOFNXiR2pGUjkdnZclbWPtRLfqO8DjokRerb0hkdnWmO9_5VfMRxz1FCYOFMflm4VussFOpGo9uYsmfr9ViJbqHtJVTXfh2d-tgyNgG4pOwczMwFdmARAsp0AFiJAbNxtQWpSxE/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+7.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJXgmCMqiylKA7_7FSe1VUHWVbepJteAlBjkmatAV_afPuDsNhCBOtkUYfuAWfRxgLMPgSIWTSPCUp7-P6MVN6TrQuHMJGffjDuETfFstMTS6KqzpstwWHVoLRwNH61_DlJQBHsemtwuc/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+6.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150684449959284194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJXgmCMqiylKA7_7FSe1VUHWVbepJteAlBjkmatAV_afPuDsNhCBOtkUYfuAWfRxgLMPgSIWTSPCUp7-P6MVN6TrQuHMJGffjDuETfFstMTS6KqzpstwWHVoLRwNH61_DlJQBHsemtwuc/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+6.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
Terry Frederick shows Alton Safford and Steve Carter hiscollection ofSollberger points. Solly was supposedto be at this knap-in but had to cancell at the last minute.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinqIazIxhtegiYfKUpxqHOuwXZvLRdVGIpNWe8FNCP2BzJHwlK8jO1g3eVNY2XAlbZnHIQiZiF_z_-LXlvbOIJAltIT0vHQDSSaVltVRjsiF3RDOk8otprRvcy9ttEsuD1CWjlSqY5Qto/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+5.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150684187966279122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinqIazIxhtegiYfKUpxqHOuwXZvLRdVGIpNWe8FNCP2BzJHwlK8jO1g3eVNY2XAlbZnHIQiZiF_z_-LXlvbOIJAltIT0vHQDSSaVltVRjsiF3RDOk8otprRvcy9ttEsuD1CWjlSqY5Qto/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+5.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip3EOJ-Ra_-fNHNbOnwPcMw_F9R-AjwZ2LtqhLJYNGZu9a403J8lDnYzU90H4v7SBgJ97t6Ftz2Hnh9-f4bR9XugXiBszzdUMrH8Q4_7e-7AasuGiBSZG_vskCVNFq0y5nutzekXE2diY/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+4.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150683582375890370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip3EOJ-Ra_-fNHNbOnwPcMw_F9R-AjwZ2LtqhLJYNGZu9a403J8lDnYzU90H4v7SBgJ97t6Ftz2Hnh9-f4bR9XugXiBszzdUMrH8Q4_7e-7AasuGiBSZG_vskCVNFq0y5nutzekXE2diY/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+4.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
Dr. Peter Ainsworth, an archaeologist, was just out of the Flenniken knapping school and was knapping a pattern flaking Cumberland point here, <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA9HbnO_l9urRU_0cakV8FxLKdm8zTxs9YsDMellWESX2u0Qkkz0N-uNH_4dRh6k3MWO72fzvNKWlMgwMoCAZV1_WIxJ2Oe9pY9KPNrv_DgJYNX2NLaywMcS9DYGquxfavCh52XYu0dYc/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+3.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150683251663408562" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA9HbnO_l9urRU_0cakV8FxLKdm8zTxs9YsDMellWESX2u0Qkkz0N-uNH_4dRh6k3MWO72fzvNKWlMgwMoCAZV1_WIxJ2Oe9pY9KPNrv_DgJYNX2NLaywMcS9DYGquxfavCh52XYu0dYc/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+3.JPG" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Joe Dabil does a demo while Alton and Steve Carter look on.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii5UVr6wmA2ql1JQ5AiiyL88S9uSW_gqcn_WqBLSbVaSEkqbv-WcuYGSOF_d64jwVSscc9VQVQCS-wZ-XqlldHLodFif2gzkObf01Dre6t_sHNXhoI59oY17ccbsdCP2SeILgW-jHXzgQ/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+2.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150682624598183330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii5UVr6wmA2ql1JQ5AiiyL88S9uSW_gqcn_WqBLSbVaSEkqbv-WcuYGSOF_d64jwVSscc9VQVQCS-wZ-XqlldHLodFif2gzkObf01Dre6t_sHNXhoI59oY17ccbsdCP2SeILgW-jHXzgQ/s400/WRIGHTWOOD+2.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
Steve Carter meets Scott Yo, Alton Safford and Terry Frederick look on.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOtwwdsE5HnAndcGuQmVxqa4gKHnSV4dCufhggxfdhH6HUW4ek9P17YmsGZr9_z5qmD4ZFSBmAQRcZKBggfUzDF8qQV0Ux2x1nn9htmWP6V_I1CHZe63jw30pAjUXN8SAAfOQMfe1AUg0/s1600-h/WRIGHTWOOD+1.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="480" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150682006122892690" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOtwwdsE5HnAndcGuQmVxqa4gKHnSV4dCufhggxfdhH6HUW4ek9P17YmsGZr9_z5qmD4ZFSBmAQRcZKBggfUzDF8qQV0Ux2x1nn9htmWP6V_I1CHZe63jw30pAjUXN8SAAfOQMfe1AUg0/s640/WRIGHTWOOD+1.JPG" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Joe Dabil Pressure Flaking an Ishi Point <br />
<br />
I remember the 1987 Wrightwood knapin. It was the first Wrightwood knap-in that people were actually selling stuff, before that it was all trading and knapping and so on. This was one of the knap-ins held at Jackson lake. Jackson lake is an alpine type lake in the high country.It was cold at night and warm and sunny in the day. It was the most beautiful place for a knap-in of all. The camp was a flat plateau just above the lake itself and it had a hard sandy floor, it had a good open area for archery, atlatl and knapping. Joe Dabil came with his friend Terry Fredrick, I had known the two friends since 1983, but we formally met in 1984 and the CSUN knap-in. Joe Dabill is a local legend for wilderness skills and native American crafts. Joe did demos on flintknapping Ishi style, fire drill, atlatl throwing and so on. I forgot my sleeping bag and the night was comming on so Joe showed me how to make a fire bed, the only thing was -it was to shallow and my pants started on-fire, it was wierd -I was dreaming I was in a burning barn! He has joked to me about that for 20 years! Terry was a part time archaeologist and knapper of Chumash points of Monterey Chert.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdqzBW8xTnPwnYugDpmw6SPyXWeSZldu5X4b36rZHSw-vrP8qaLKrZAGyAFgq15cODDQLDzhf0KTqXfUGWfGQ9UAbG0Nawv0jorNJJJ-33x1ptfzspEC82FVbZBtoAbRrUR_WA9K6TGxxq/s1600/joe+17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdqzBW8xTnPwnYugDpmw6SPyXWeSZldu5X4b36rZHSw-vrP8qaLKrZAGyAFgq15cODDQLDzhf0KTqXfUGWfGQ9UAbG0Nawv0jorNJJJ-33x1ptfzspEC82FVbZBtoAbRrUR_WA9K6TGxxq/s320/joe+17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf0T6t509S9aoOFI7MMgz7M7UnkqUnlfh1RMl4exvwi3S4Kh3GciNLeSNhtdciJeZP_mcEGyXtLl3YQ4OuOAiyb8XqBVoqAGsnGkU8HLNVeS9_iepvixGAYf7CwvT_xkdIzeeiF-7GXFKH/s1600/joe+35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf0T6t509S9aoOFI7MMgz7M7UnkqUnlfh1RMl4exvwi3S4Kh3GciNLeSNhtdciJeZP_mcEGyXtLl3YQ4OuOAiyb8XqBVoqAGsnGkU8HLNVeS9_iepvixGAYf7CwvT_xkdIzeeiF-7GXFKH/s320/joe+35.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB8Yc6JyS4zxQZXtQziFLvofiXiVWjEuNPLrCd8IsJMDUCRXq4if2947OchUzJi11USkJhD3upWglBekjLe-HiIacS7SRouOu6m0w2aEhHkWFLlQEG1SHKgPPuWdYhHF2SR25Cb2vHjrMW/s1600/joe+33.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB8Yc6JyS4zxQZXtQziFLvofiXiVWjEuNPLrCd8IsJMDUCRXq4if2947OchUzJi11USkJhD3upWglBekjLe-HiIacS7SRouOu6m0w2aEhHkWFLlQEG1SHKgPPuWdYhHF2SR25Cb2vHjrMW/s320/joe+33.jpg" width="216" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL9H6nzDIruSjsJTQ_E6J1fcghYu8Xg16j0B36LhkXsEhI3xWb34HO9DPBh72Tm_WltUPJrY0pSF59j7rKuqCSXpJ2r8l1O0T5-4CcAvh-zAHZ_FgyMYok6yWdZ8Xhe3QcX_e3J4XUI4Uw/s1600/joe+34.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL9H6nzDIruSjsJTQ_E6J1fcghYu8Xg16j0B36LhkXsEhI3xWb34HO9DPBh72Tm_WltUPJrY0pSF59j7rKuqCSXpJ2r8l1O0T5-4CcAvh-zAHZ_FgyMYok6yWdZ8Xhe3QcX_e3J4XUI4Uw/s320/joe+34.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL PETER AINSWORTH . BARNEY DESIMONE.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdqzBW8xTnPwnYugDpmw6SPyXWeSZldu5X4b36rZHSw-vrP8qaLKrZAGyAFgq15cODDQLDzhf0KTqXfUGWfGQ9UAbG0Nawv0jorNJJJ-33x1ptfzspEC82FVbZBtoAbRrUR_WA9K6TGxxq/s1600/joe+17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdqzBW8xTnPwnYugDpmw6SPyXWeSZldu5X4b36rZHSw-vrP8qaLKrZAGyAFgq15cODDQLDzhf0KTqXfUGWfGQ9UAbG0Nawv0jorNJJJ-33x1ptfzspEC82FVbZBtoAbRrUR_WA9K6TGxxq/s320/joe+17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGNQdjvOZzn-x7J34WYsxf9Ic8WZldWc9JOX9o4wqU4PTurvqhM2SUnPle9fW-ozUk0rTwUp6CxF26HILYKHjuglvCgsmnqVeuWjIFf5v5JsAJ2i8T-ZssazSjQKcwj52dZik_5Y7pZkI2/s1600/joe+18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="85" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGNQdjvOZzn-x7J34WYsxf9Ic8WZldWc9JOX9o4wqU4PTurvqhM2SUnPle9fW-ozUk0rTwUp6CxF26HILYKHjuglvCgsmnqVeuWjIFf5v5JsAJ2i8T-ZssazSjQKcwj52dZik_5Y7pZkI2/s320/joe+18.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Brothers -Scott and Larry Yo were flintknappers from the South Bay, I remember the second night out there Scott came into the camp fire with "hello the fire"! He was a buff steel worker and welder- really cool folks. Scott had a Dutch over and he cooked up some amazing peach cobbler. Barney DeSimone came up "the A-wop-a-hoe", was his joke- he is Italian and everyone thought he was an Indian, so he said I am a "wop" and a hoe -so people thought he was a "A-wop-a-hoe", which is not a real tribe! Steve Carter came up from Ramona in his old flatbed truck, Steve was into pattern flaking and amazingly thin percussion bifacing before anyone else I have known about. Alton Safford was there and he demonstrated using the David and Goliath sling- did knapping and ate a lot of apples, he also brought some longbows he had made, his nickname is "Longbow Safford" . Peter Ainsworth and Jeannie Binning showedupfrom the acedemic knapping community and were doing very nice "Crabtree" large biface work. I can't remember much more about that knap-in except it was really fun and wonderful4 days in heaven.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl3NEB-BTOjsumdWlhpq3QwgilDUbJzWQIG9wKPf30-GFGuYhPX6EMQJ_uEMXDCxnwtwDHW4ikhN0HDML9PHfzq6OHqv8dkeK7TZQ6Bj9a2tgg3ldlu5qsqFjxhDnd9ZDc6EfLj4AyQQLo/s1600/joe+17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl3NEB-BTOjsumdWlhpq3QwgilDUbJzWQIG9wKPf30-GFGuYhPX6EMQJ_uEMXDCxnwtwDHW4ikhN0HDML9PHfzq6OHqv8dkeK7TZQ6Bj9a2tgg3ldlu5qsqFjxhDnd9ZDc6EfLj4AyQQLo/s320/joe+17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEjrsia5RTSGaJg7j6235WhkhFpEZrH6O-wffXCULdRAyMUZgixZW02ZY3_6Sxli9WE_p5JRvpvtfC9VjUaMYlOa22t6QbdCSMnMWcD3Fm94QkDfrVwv_6vqVrNSV3biGD5nEwjG5rw80E/s1600/joe+20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEjrsia5RTSGaJg7j6235WhkhFpEZrH6O-wffXCULdRAyMUZgixZW02ZY3_6Sxli9WE_p5JRvpvtfC9VjUaMYlOa22t6QbdCSMnMWcD3Fm94QkDfrVwv_6vqVrNSV3biGD5nEwjG5rw80E/s320/joe+20.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwkbLYGkvXUHJ10QBO2U0EEpNqZzSRsGPr_5C4noMVMRZaUZIf0u4NS9NrlVnBcKZvpsGPA7LidQcejPNW__PPhSZlJhCiDPICJakIq8RuP0_XiEwYFSvcE5Qfb4OQ7pS-3XRWIkgpT4Bi/s1600/joe+19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwkbLYGkvXUHJ10QBO2U0EEpNqZzSRsGPr_5C4noMVMRZaUZIf0u4NS9NrlVnBcKZvpsGPA7LidQcejPNW__PPhSZlJhCiDPICJakIq8RuP0_XiEwYFSvcE5Qfb4OQ7pS-3XRWIkgpT4Bi/s320/joe+19.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFRi6RaHDIMrbcnsZ5tFIBdOJQWCzMZwEgxZQd1PSwFQLh_xefl0IeUd_4H9em8bCAxCatuUEMqNfQ12OxrN89vkKro9JFGqRlP1noTmXtURDQPkH4du1st1W5gVTB6pLWttP3xzep72i3/s1600/joe+21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFRi6RaHDIMrbcnsZ5tFIBdOJQWCzMZwEgxZQd1PSwFQLh_xefl0IeUd_4H9em8bCAxCatuUEMqNfQ12OxrN89vkKro9JFGqRlP1noTmXtURDQPkH4du1st1W5gVTB6pLWttP3xzep72i3/s320/joe+21.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL PATRIC AIMS</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
WRIGHTWOOD KNAP IN STARTED IN 1984, SET UP BY RAY HARWOOD AND ALTON SAFFORD AT JACKSON LAKE., BUT OUR FIRST CALIFORNIA FLINTKNAPPING RENDEZVOUS WAS IN 1983 AT CSUN. SET UP BY RAY HARWOOD. AT THE FIRST KNAP IN 1983 : RAY HARWOOD, ALTON SAFFORD, JOHN ATWOOD, RICK WESSEL, CLAY SINGER, GEORGE HUFF, JENNIE BINNING, ROY VANDERHOOK, TERRY FREDERICK, JOE DABIL, FRED BUDINGER, TED HARWOOD, NANCY HARWOOD, BRIAN GUNTHER, AND A HOST OF OTHERS. FIRST LOCATION: C.S.U.N. . SECOND: JACKSON LAKE FLAT. THIRD; CAMP GUFFY (TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN) FOURTH: INDIAN HILLS RANCH. Ray had flintknapped in an artistic vacuum until he was in his early 20s. This is when Ray met fellow Ishi fans, Joe Dabil, Barney DeSimone, Steve Carter, Jim Win, Jennie Binning and Alton Safford. Barney had a small business called Yana Enterprises where he marketed his Ishi posters and items and had become an expert Ishi style knapper, to the point that he had killed a wild boar on Catalina Island armed with a sinew backed bow and Ishi tipped arrow of glass of his own making. Atlton was an avid traditional bow hunter and knapper, he had even hunted big game in Africa a few times with stone points. Years later Alton and Ray started the yearly California Flintknapping Rendezvous. Joe Dabil had become a California legend by the late 1970s and had the nick name of "Indian Joe", this name given to him by the prominent archaeologists of the day. Joe could make fire in of minutes with a natural yucca file board and mule fat stick. Joe was also a master of the Ishi style flintknapping methodology. Joe's Ishi points of both glass and obsidian were each an impressive work of art. Ray and Joe became friends and Ray began to study Joe's flintknapping methods. Joe Dabil had learned the arts of wilderness survival hands on. Joe was an Olympic class long distance runner in the 1960s, and when a Doctor informed him he had a life threatening decease he fled into the wilderness. There in the woods, alone, Joe eked out a survival on natural foods. Eventually Joe relearned the arts of Ishi, sinew back bow making, arrow-smithing, fire drill technology, cordage making, brain tanning and of coarse...flintknapping. As miracle have it, Joe lived out his death sentence and is still practicing wilderness skills today. Steve Carter was already an established master knapper when Ray met him in the early 1980s. Steve had been friends with J.B.Sollberger of Dallas, Texas and with J.B.s inspiration, at the 1978 Little Lake knap-in, Steve developed his own unique knapping style, one in which he detached the flakes of the top of the preform as opposed to the bottom that rests on the palm of the hand. Steve was versatile and also used the Ishi style knapping techniques. Steve's work even impressed the Grand Masters; Sollberger, Titmus, Callahan and Crabtree. Jimm Winn was there at the second or third Wrightwood knap-in with Barney Desimone and George hough and George Hough and Dick Baugh. Jim did a lot of heat treating of local materials there in the famous Wrightwood fire pit at Jackson Lake Flat. After the close of the Flintknappers' Exchange in 1981, there was a void for two years. Communication among flintknappers slowed to a stop. In 1984 at the knap-in at the Northridge Archaeological Research Center I was talking about the need for a newsletter to Clay Singer and Terry Frederick, they suggested I do it, well I had dyslexia, couldn't type and had no money, okay! Alton Safford, Jeannie Binning and Joe Dabill encouraged as well. I couldn't get anyone to help me with the project so I did it myself. I started work on the first issue, all the words were misspelled, the grammar was just as bad, I cut and past the cover. I wanted to call it the Flintknappers' Monthly but I couldn't find those words in the old NARC newsletters so I got close with "FLintknapping Digest" and cut and pasted it on the cover. I used the address list in the old Flintknappers' Exchange at the end of each article to find the knappers. It worked I began to get a flood of mail about it. It was really amateurish and I got a lot of flak, but everybody who got it loved it. Clay Singer said "it has a folksy, underground publication look" . In any case it got better with each issue. I remember asking J.B. Sollberger to write an article for me and he got really mad. He said that I was just trying to associate with his name to gain fame and make the newsletter sell better , I was unaffected and said yes, so do I get the article? We got along fine after that and I did get the article, I think he trusted me to tell the truth after that. He even made me some fluted points. The "J.B." in J.B. Sollberger is rumored to stand for "John the Baptist" . So you see with a reputation like that truth means a lot. I was amazed that the little newsletter was doing so well, my mom was too, she never thought such a weird newsletter would work. I was 24 years old when I started the newsletter and didn't have a whole lot else going, it was great, I met all my flintknapping heroes. One day I got a letter from D.C. Waldorf and he was asking about something, I can't remember, but he referred to the Flintknapping Digest as "The Digest", I put the letter in the next issue and from then on that's what everyone called it. Even now I see it referenced to time and again and it is almost always given its affectionate name "The Digest" it gave knappers a worm and fuzzy feel, like an old dog that you had when you were a kid. Even old dogs pass on, and in the late 1980s, even with Val Waldorf's help, I couldn't do it anymore. After some coaxing the waldorf's took pity on me and took the newsletter over. They gave it a face lift and a new name "Chips" . .Paul Hellweg, a fellow Army Tanker. Paul, likes to specialise inground stone axe manufacture, and he is quite good at it. He was actually a Crabtree and Flenniken Student, but went over to the servival camp when he got a job teaching it at C.S.U.N. where I first met him in the early 1980s. Paul wrote some nice articles for the Flintknapping Digest in 1984 and published a book on knapping the same year, Flintknapping, The Art of Making Stone Tools that has sold over 50,000 copies. Hellweg has also writen many other books and is doing quite well financially. I attented a week long Callahan school with him in the summer and and he appears to be thinking of redoing his book and becomming more active in the knapping world. San Diego, California was a hot bed of really good knappers in the early 1970s, it sprung from a visit from Sollberger sometime in that era. Only Steve Carter remains of that group. Navodne (Rod) Reiner, another California sad story , Rod was one of the San Diego flintknappers that Steve Carter hung around with in the 1970s. Like Steve, Rod was a really good flintknapper, all traditional, and good person. Rod did a lot of knapping and made nice pieces of lithic art but was also interested in the experimental aspect as well. Rod came up with the two man fluting technique; Reiner gripped the biface in his left hand, held it down tightly against his thigh, while his right hand used the full weight of his body from the shoulder to bear down on the flaking tool. Then, to this he added a little more force by using a second person to deliver a light tapping blow to the end of the pressure flaker with a mallet. Reiner stated that the mallet strikes just at the instant that the pressure flake is pressed off. With Rod's method both constant pressure and a releasing percussion impact a nice flute is detached. Rod, whom was also at the Little Lake knap-in was a very good knapper and a big influence on Steve Carter, but Rod was killed early on in a hunting accident. Chris Hardacker was another, he just faded into the woodwork, I saw him working as a digger for Jeannie Binning at one of her digs in the middle 1980s. Robert Blue of Studio City, California was inspired by a collection of Reinhardt's points , Reinhardt had been long dead but Blue did find fellow Gray Ghost collector, Charlie Shewey in Missouri. Robert offered to buy all of Shewey's Gray Ghosts and Richard Warren points and that money was no object. Charlie refused Blue's offer, but directed Robert to Richard Warren. After Robert bought a fair number of points, Warren shared some of his secrets with Robert Blue and introduced him to Jim Hopper, whom Warren had taught. Jim Hopper andRobert Blue became good friends and Robert became very good at art knapping. Barney DeSimone, couched Robert through his early years of knapping. Later Robert inspired Barney to return somewhat to lapidary knapping. It was Robert Blue that taught Ray Harwood to knap in the lever style of Reinhardt, Ray produced dozens of "Raynish Daggers" with the lever flaker. The Raynish Daggers were simply slab points in the form of 10 inch Danish Daggers ("2-D daggers" -not 3 dimensional). These were what Callahan called the ugliest Danish Daggers he had ever seen. After Robert's death and some prompting from DeSimone and Callahan, Harwood returned to traditional flintknapping. One interesting bit of knapping lore I overheard at a knap in goes like this:" Steve Behenes had invented this steel fluting jig that could flute supper this preforms. Steve was close to Robert Blue at the time and he sent Robert a thin Folsom and the detached flutes, Robert returned the detached flute -and he had fluted them ! .<strong><em> Joe Dabil, Joe had become a California legend by the late 1960s and had the nick name of "Indian Joe", this name given to him by the prominent archaeologists of the day. Joe says he learned his style by trail and error using books with Ishi points as a pattern,same for the knapping tools. His notching style comes a great deal from Errett. Joe could make fire in of minutes with a natural yucca file board and mule fat stick. Joe was also a master of the Ishi style flintknapping methodology. I first came to here about him in about 1969 and then in the 70s, he gave demos on Catalina Island for Archaeologists and movie people. His points were often seen for sale for $3.50 up and down the central to northern California coastal towns, these populated by thousands of hippies. I remember buying one in a hippie shop in Pismo Beech in 1976. The hippie lady at the counter said I could meet the knapper, but like as ass I sais "naw it's OK. I did end up meeting him 8 years later, in 1984, at CSUN. Joe's Ishi points of both glass and obsidian were each an impressive work of art. Ray and Joe became friends and Ray began to study Joe's flintknapping methods. Joe Dabil had learned the arts of wilderness survival hands on. Joe was an Olympic class long distance runner in the 1960s, and when a Doctor informed him he had a life threatening decease disease he fled into the wilderness. There in the woods, alone, Joe eked out a survival on natural foods. Eventually Joe relearned the arts of Ishi, sinew back bow making, arrow-smithing, fire drill technology, cordage making, brain tanning and of coarse...flintknapping.</em></strong> <br />
<strong><em>As miracle have it, Joe lived out his death sentence and is still practicing wilderness skills today.</em></strong> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJabRmRkaW-NPP3dESq0qTjif9-pGv_2hveImMktU_L09ovTcEmU6NPpWspkNm6e-FNabfBlGn38Nr1tbwUREw9y2M9ay04Hq8kp-vcKWf9KuN-Ga86WFrv-0G88tjJoNLR2sn4UHxyMiR/s1600/joe+31.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJabRmRkaW-NPP3dESq0qTjif9-pGv_2hveImMktU_L09ovTcEmU6NPpWspkNm6e-FNabfBlGn38Nr1tbwUREw9y2M9ay04Hq8kp-vcKWf9KuN-Ga86WFrv-0G88tjJoNLR2sn4UHxyMiR/s320/joe+31.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbu8Od4NiWQe-lEmQFnH2uH6-OqrznfcYioY04e1X9O5H-DjZANTWFBCYcuES0vlEdSkHzm4oR55ZvMI3NJ8RKnrpYBXGnDEjb71jY_xeyMFTIdBXENepZTIl8-kP7kckQarVvF7-e2IxI/s1600/joe+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbu8Od4NiWQe-lEmQFnH2uH6-OqrznfcYioY04e1X9O5H-DjZANTWFBCYcuES0vlEdSkHzm4oR55ZvMI3NJ8RKnrpYBXGnDEjb71jY_xeyMFTIdBXENepZTIl8-kP7kckQarVvF7-e2IxI/s320/joe+3.jpg" width="209" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioJ4OIxF0UsAIHKI4OU3Vf3MavXRXviGP7UBH1sScL0LwUBN-2ypd225JIL2BFXs5f3AAtPNzTpMkU7nQYy2YNnodfXjMATlj5pwK_lsRilHnIMWt2h23I1yDBzX_IyZLShJVjZEK3f3Uu/s1600/joe+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioJ4OIxF0UsAIHKI4OU3Vf3MavXRXviGP7UBH1sScL0LwUBN-2ypd225JIL2BFXs5f3AAtPNzTpMkU7nQYy2YNnodfXjMATlj5pwK_lsRilHnIMWt2h23I1yDBzX_IyZLShJVjZEK3f3Uu/s320/joe+4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7Sf5jQ-y3s3eP33fIpL_RvmDrhGhUafrOPWv5fEe9m-kIlLPgPJp3nbZPPr86QxZqo_RAunHvfzwMHS7ZiAC-EME05O8C4kM1hHvpEnal57JkJcXMwxaGWTare9YPfdbuFd_YpO2y8b4B/s1600/joe+30.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7Sf5jQ-y3s3eP33fIpL_RvmDrhGhUafrOPWv5fEe9m-kIlLPgPJp3nbZPPr86QxZqo_RAunHvfzwMHS7ZiAC-EME05O8C4kM1hHvpEnal57JkJcXMwxaGWTare9YPfdbuFd_YpO2y8b4B/s320/joe+30.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The information set forth in this text relied heavly on the fallowing publications: Fintknapper's Exchange: Atchiston, Inc. 4426 Constution N.E. Albuquerque, NM 87110 Etidors: Errett Callahan, Jacqueline Nichols and Penelope Katson. Flintknapping Digest. Harwood Archaeology 4911 Shadow Stone Bakersfield, CA 93313 Editor: Ray Harwood Bulletin of Primitive Technology. Journal of the Society of Primative Technology P.O. Box 905 Rexburg, ID 83440 Dave Wescot, Editor Chips Mound Builder Books P.O. Box 702 Branson, MO. 65615 Editors: Val Waldorf, D.C. Waldorf and Dane Martin. New Flintknapper's Exchange. High Fire Flints 11212 Hooper Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70818 Editors: Jeff Behrnes, Steve Behernes and Chas Spear 20Th Century Lithics. Mound Builder Books P.O. Box 702 Branson, MO. 65615 Editors: Val Waldorf and D.C. Waldorf. : WARNING: Flintknapping is very dangerous and can cause serious health problems, including death. Ray Harwood, The World Flintknapping Society or any officer or members of said society do not suggest you should attempt flintknapping, do so only at your own risk. All those that are listed in this history book wore<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTvpUEM64exQ2s1YxTWf9KB38M6We74fsO4Gn5T54yyxotJiiFgCyLB31NSztcFz7wFWvtchQo3phbLuJlElb7DRXI5hCZRRmDpX7YLduaKl8Ex5qhuArWvmTcVcLKp6aQStvgwCRQZ-WR/s1600/outdoor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTvpUEM64exQ2s1YxTWf9KB38M6We74fsO4Gn5T54yyxotJiiFgCyLB31NSztcFz7wFWvtchQo3phbLuJlElb7DRXI5hCZRRmDpX7YLduaKl8Ex5qhuArWvmTcVcLKp6aQStvgwCRQZ-WR/s1600/outdoor.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1S6k1alBa6LKUhUvW3GcejbhNpsmP3t630SaBGhbefEXqeSba79AcE6HsineVIDfZ-MAzIDtzsfvvsVWlbl3d6R0u6ul4pLlRTDAVCXvblsSKs-65KGYB5KQYppIfWMLfV-tdMvnvq8-G/s1600/Obsidian.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1S6k1alBa6LKUhUvW3GcejbhNpsmP3t630SaBGhbefEXqeSba79AcE6HsineVIDfZ-MAzIDtzsfvvsVWlbl3d6R0u6ul4pLlRTDAVCXvblsSKs-65KGYB5KQYppIfWMLfV-tdMvnvq8-G/s1600/Obsidian.gif" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhL-x8rJdI_DqQoUsH4GTr2MyXUNlvZWqgrjjP77Gh5lHf6YjLXmNLTNWsqAFgzsoIxyQAjp29IcLMEHBM1JOQud6btUQbP_YUNf70YEdpWCHVIdYEbvK8zCNep4DeU4G2ShnLTGqo6Yx5/s1600/Joe-Dabill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhL-x8rJdI_DqQoUsH4GTr2MyXUNlvZWqgrjjP77Gh5lHf6YjLXmNLTNWsqAFgzsoIxyQAjp29IcLMEHBM1JOQud6btUQbP_YUNf70YEdpWCHVIdYEbvK8zCNep4DeU4G2ShnLTGqo6Yx5/s320/Joe-Dabill.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMwfdnMcT888Pg32_a2WiFyAgxv4LMz_dnT0BvoLsZWrqCS3NEUCQgn8sr5hBKwQbuaOGQLFDm7YmcGN10v9bPxZm6d6rn2lb9_mtgFX8-jEg1egrseLCldrwj7zFja_SmRo16204pUJma/s1600/JoeDabill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMwfdnMcT888Pg32_a2WiFyAgxv4LMz_dnT0BvoLsZWrqCS3NEUCQgn8sr5hBKwQbuaOGQLFDm7YmcGN10v9bPxZm6d6rn2lb9_mtgFX8-jEg1egrseLCldrwj7zFja_SmRo16204pUJma/s320/JoeDabill.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpJ7_36CDPyuWslQGXqdu8nAkIVDJpmpG5ft-LcLKutV2p5tCtgUZkER10HNQ1hI7vp9e-i-wfx7tmlIyJz-GUa6qA4kPfYaOYFb_MrATZpTn5KXOdIQdj4GA0NRql3_wN5j6Q4gpDa_mY/s1600/LargePickleJar+POINTS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpJ7_36CDPyuWslQGXqdu8nAkIVDJpmpG5ft-LcLKutV2p5tCtgUZkER10HNQ1hI7vp9e-i-wfx7tmlIyJz-GUa6qA4kPfYaOYFb_MrATZpTn5KXOdIQdj4GA0NRql3_wN5j6Q4gpDa_mY/s320/LargePickleJar+POINTS.jpg" width="271" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifB4ihn-fNz1VgK9zbdpkmht7y6V1MucJqgUj_ZZ4TIk7pXmvbSuWUxkdxKH80xAHIE7O8sdjP2Ml6ka_OcYrlHVpWFlxZKOgZfyWViWtvac0D57qTEeIutojwOtwenGdjETgbvUTxreRV/s1600/joe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifB4ihn-fNz1VgK9zbdpkmht7y6V1MucJqgUj_ZZ4TIk7pXmvbSuWUxkdxKH80xAHIE7O8sdjP2Ml6ka_OcYrlHVpWFlxZKOgZfyWViWtvac0D57qTEeIutojwOtwenGdjETgbvUTxreRV/s320/joe.jpg" width="248" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn2Kj8ykSngo2boL0trJsm7MODAdQSodrzmGCjhct-46_7ji60ETStGEFJC6_gV3gEodXAWsP-9dwavIZEEz-u2xznD4UXP0TWyee_CwcxoDF_Yy8iJ6UtLFKasZDZ1iQHC0cgnB0HhPW7/s1600/BOTTLE+GLASS+ARROWHEADS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn2Kj8ykSngo2boL0trJsm7MODAdQSodrzmGCjhct-46_7ji60ETStGEFJC6_gV3gEodXAWsP-9dwavIZEEz-u2xznD4UXP0TWyee_CwcxoDF_Yy8iJ6UtLFKasZDZ1iQHC0cgnB0HhPW7/s320/BOTTLE+GLASS+ARROWHEADS.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVhZJzV3_jA34JzOR_GxfsljZUyQi6bxXTOL5EZmNfLn4Syn-izuvP1bQEttlu4zQISIRDxXqbrquiCdAttJEtbZnuEQ7y6xs2XcTiPm5jw_55hr400h9lXq0DA8t39zNJlFCJ3j5JWkUq/s1600/JOE+DABIL+BOOK.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVhZJzV3_jA34JzOR_GxfsljZUyQi6bxXTOL5EZmNfLn4Syn-izuvP1bQEttlu4zQISIRDxXqbrquiCdAttJEtbZnuEQ7y6xs2XcTiPm5jw_55hr400h9lXq0DA8t39zNJlFCJ3j5JWkUq/s640/JOE+DABIL+BOOK.jpg" width="542" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr3-hLLoeijtueKIuALFRam4NfTpgCEIMQlc3plPnAIB6tWAP8DyaXZqOO_7aRHG1CdzIIMIvxDV1u7lqcZ9MhIufybb49XoeEdkD0lqC2cwMtqsWwV4kv5qGIZfDXE3u7GTyuIRDIXrH4/s1600/joe+dabil+2005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr3-hLLoeijtueKIuALFRam4NfTpgCEIMQlc3plPnAIB6tWAP8DyaXZqOO_7aRHG1CdzIIMIvxDV1u7lqcZ9MhIufybb49XoeEdkD0lqC2cwMtqsWwV4kv5qGIZfDXE3u7GTyuIRDIXrH4/s320/joe+dabil+2005.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjEAO8115dc-6EAY8BFzqoMxrz1rUKt6ptKzxrGiIkLL3DQ_lFIntcmJ37mywIHxCoooqnqqwk9406RVeklbmrqWN51-4FKCSij1VtoJ7l9cCeFVqIwdrfehRK2KsDKsOxyOWxUOzuHKoj/s1600/Group.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjEAO8115dc-6EAY8BFzqoMxrz1rUKt6ptKzxrGiIkLL3DQ_lFIntcmJ37mywIHxCoooqnqqwk9406RVeklbmrqWN51-4FKCSij1VtoJ7l9cCeFVqIwdrfehRK2KsDKsOxyOWxUOzuHKoj/s1600/Group.gif" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiECRWM2nxDGv0tiil8iOpfHlWlzyvTNn9MB_8I479x7tHILIoX59unwF9ua-J6jotxtfQrOxeV-XBI3kSkDV6K5746qv-tcgRB20VaoddwX1g6NhNSz68s34somNxe7_vTDIMxojm8hbrk/s1600/ALLTON,+JOE+,+RAY.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiECRWM2nxDGv0tiil8iOpfHlWlzyvTNn9MB_8I479x7tHILIoX59unwF9ua-J6jotxtfQrOxeV-XBI3kSkDV6K5746qv-tcgRB20VaoddwX1g6NhNSz68s34somNxe7_vTDIMxojm8hbrk/s320/ALLTON,+JOE+,+RAY.jpg" width="252" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSzf1wpcj5t8V-a8FtUcQcn4kkEb9elob05c0NlENU8GznF9npSk4wPkFC24D0zrkUXnqP5x4NJjKiarG3U2lo504S_mEPw4tF9Ar_8KfKyiZEHPBCFaLB6qJiCrVXkNMKRnGUByxpsU8x/s1600/Agate.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSzf1wpcj5t8V-a8FtUcQcn4kkEb9elob05c0NlENU8GznF9npSk4wPkFC24D0zrkUXnqP5x4NJjKiarG3U2lo504S_mEPw4tF9Ar_8KfKyiZEHPBCFaLB6qJiCrVXkNMKRnGUByxpsU8x/s1600/Agate.gif" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3StTvJQ5O5UneyBiSHxutJMfN7nZnOF5DWwLax7ndv1qXdS9nFyLdbHhmGTzjxDotgaLLSkzTSgkBXgAM8uMH3j_Phg2nZk6MBCC3qGSOIQMqaeByuxTMr_1YXi_iOjx0F0jmb7QS5hoS/s1600/61965_33681.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3StTvJQ5O5UneyBiSHxutJMfN7nZnOF5DWwLax7ndv1qXdS9nFyLdbHhmGTzjxDotgaLLSkzTSgkBXgAM8uMH3j_Phg2nZk6MBCC3qGSOIQMqaeByuxTMr_1YXi_iOjx0F0jmb7QS5hoS/s320/61965_33681.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiMjxO8wY4YEyCJVZJHyXergBYJkRARnzLHGqMQcv90o69VUHXD1Qr8Guz3wqzO9rgosrGIRWt7fZw5RFMYqPDmCyoXrCYqOIdynbSphAXfOgViAoTsVqZhJGakDjozBPqbnR05o8CcrLd/s1600/111AAAA+++JOE+Quartz.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiMjxO8wY4YEyCJVZJHyXergBYJkRARnzLHGqMQcv90o69VUHXD1Qr8Guz3wqzO9rgosrGIRWt7fZw5RFMYqPDmCyoXrCYqOIdynbSphAXfOgViAoTsVqZhJGakDjozBPqbnR05o8CcrLd/s1600/111AAAA+++JOE+Quartz.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2kugmOnoubKnUeapvckedrnuTGD_MJ_qst_mJzF7ZoSSZW6S3Mm7hNllMf7QJ_N5Vbuoe0TSNSjVwYNhyjqOQjNpacLSsb51UgKwEpVo1eCvk6EnlHhAZ-5EccO8dREVM8Wv7wAQ71D1d/s1600/Silicone.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2kugmOnoubKnUeapvckedrnuTGD_MJ_qst_mJzF7ZoSSZW6S3Mm7hNllMf7QJ_N5Vbuoe0TSNSjVwYNhyjqOQjNpacLSsb51UgKwEpVo1eCvk6EnlHhAZ-5EccO8dREVM8Wv7wAQ71D1d/s1600/Silicone.gif" /></a></div>
Home
Opinion
News
Life
Food
Arts
Calendar
Film
PW Guides
Best of Pasadena
Arroyo
Life strings
Life strings
Master bowyer and teacher Joe Dabill always matches the right stick with the right student.
By Christopher Nyerges 10/09/2008
Like it? Tweet it! SHARE IT!
I was one of several students of Joe Dabill during a weeklong stay in the Sequoia Forest. Dabill is a master at the art of bow-making and all the skills related to it. He handed each of us a stave that he had cut and split a few months earlier. My stave came from a California bay tree. It was nearly five feet long. My job was to transform that stave into a functional bow. Dabill’s job was to mentor me in each step of the process.
I liked the look of my raw stave and was eager to see it become a bow. After Dabill explained some of the basics, I clamped my stave to a wooden table and Dabill carefully looked it over. The stave was more than an inch thick in most sections, as much as 2 1/2 inches in parts. Dabill took his carpenter’s pencil and marked my stave to indicate those areas that should be completely removed.
Taking a spoke shave, I began the process of shaving off wood, always from the belly of the bow (the side that faces you when you shoot it), never from the back. I spent several hours shaving, though some of that time was spent resting.
After days of this, Dabill removed the bow from the clamps and filed nocks for the strings into each end. I’d already twined a bowstring from linen, which I then waxed with beeswax. Dabill strung it and tested the tiller (how evenly each side of the bow bends). Like two scientists, he and his assistant Sig then carefully examined the strung and pulled bow. They pointed out the still-stiff areas, then Dabill marked them for further reduction.
After another two hours or so of off-and-on work, Dabill tested the bow’s tiller again.
“Looks good,” he said, and he fired a few arrows to a nearby tree stump.
“Shoots good,” he said with a smile.
One day I sat down with Dabill in the early morning around the fire. I wanted to learn more about this bow-maker.
Now sixtysomething, Dabill got interested in archery at around age 15. He was living in Lompoc and had read about Ishi, the last wild Indian in California. “I idolized the Indian lifestyle,” explained Dabill, “and I wanted to become an Indian.”
He learned how to make arrowheads from an archaeologist who’d documented a Chumash site.
“I started practicing making stone points, using modern methods in the beginning. I had a board with a carpet on it that I worked on. I used obsidian and a copper chipper. I was obsessed with this and did it every day for six to eight months. Today I can make points using modern or primitive methods,” Dabill says.
By age 17 he was making crude bows from willow and juniper. “I did it because I loved it,” he adds. Dabill went on to learn most of the crafts of the Native Americans and teach those skills to others. In the 1970s, he offered his first bow-making class by posting flyers in local shopping malls. He had five students paying $5 each for a class in Reservoir Canyon (near San Luis Obispo), where students learned about edible plants, soap plants and woods for bows.
Dabill also spent some time bicycling around the Western states, sometimes covering 100 miles a day. He described himself as a “drifter” during those years, having no money, gleaning for food, carrying only a sleeping bag and a few changes of clothes.
Dabill has spent the last 20 years intensely focused on making bows and teaching bow-making. He also spent 2 1/2 years at the Catalina Island Marine Institute, teaching the Indian program to children. He gave dramatic presentations to students and also taught groups about bead-making, primitive fire-making, making arrowheads and bows, and all the skills of the Chumash and Gabrielinos, the dominant tribes throughout Ventura and Los Angeles counties.
Dabill figures that he and his students make about 50 to 60 bows a year in his ongoing classes. “How many bows have you personally made?” I ask. He smiles and nearly laughs. “I have made thousands,” he says.
Though he makes bows with both modern and primitive stone tools, he usually uses a few modern tools in classes since this is the easiest way for novices to learn the art. He shows students how to use the tools and then he gives them each a stick and tells them to get started. He always makes the effort to match the right stick with the right student.
Dabill says that when he began making bows he preferred juniper, but now he prefers the wood from the California bay tree. He has been featured in the “Traditional Bowyers Bible” as an acknowledged expert in making juniper bows. “Some of the old-timers couldn’t believe I was using juniper,” says Dabill.
Dabill travels four to six months out of the year with his wife Amada. Readers can contact Dabill at 4950 Traffic Way, Atascadero, Calif., 93422, or by calling (805) 466-4336.
Christopher Nyerges is the editor of Wilderness Way magazine, author of “How to Survive Anywhere” and a wilderness instructor. Contact him at ChristopherNyerges.com.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC3UQygRDGz_Tn1v9E69R2mSMB0TzF80Vzbmp2KxUv5j0rS4nIfmWEznPeM8nSEf8qpioMqbMAHIzWnoB0d-dx6rZjUKByhlTDLEwR8ElQPJtYzanjNmhC3ucRbQTQJh2UyRqqkcLn3AR0/s1600/joe+22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC3UQygRDGz_Tn1v9E69R2mSMB0TzF80Vzbmp2KxUv5j0rS4nIfmWEznPeM8nSEf8qpioMqbMAHIzWnoB0d-dx6rZjUKByhlTDLEwR8ElQPJtYzanjNmhC3ucRbQTQJh2UyRqqkcLn3AR0/s320/joe+22.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL RAY HARWOOD</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNWYqZvcNR1zCBorW1DB9606sz6tUhPQDWYO_daO5C8b-7kfi0Evu_FP2vh6PrTuyoQR8qJzpXqkYX2ECuvLrR1IJ4hQYUeAZdMBgIQb4ABhxN0RZwJ_e4Gly9I3DiZpVUtDB4z5YGnpAk/s1600/joe+23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNWYqZvcNR1zCBorW1DB9606sz6tUhPQDWYO_daO5C8b-7kfi0Evu_FP2vh6PrTuyoQR8qJzpXqkYX2ECuvLrR1IJ4hQYUeAZdMBgIQb4ABhxN0RZwJ_e4Gly9I3DiZpVUtDB4z5YGnpAk/s320/joe+23.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtFNL-TNuXD4qKzNoUPadD_hE87EhpP1cS1xk7LE53nxYXE1BSMzPagv7pJLWzGDcl0qLlHZSHPSVOjs1vre5aoNPoHbKbIR1nSmKRCYI3H5ICXDVjMgZ-lEipIfkX15X30n0jefhnZySR/s1600/joe+27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtFNL-TNuXD4qKzNoUPadD_hE87EhpP1cS1xk7LE53nxYXE1BSMzPagv7pJLWzGDcl0qLlHZSHPSVOjs1vre5aoNPoHbKbIR1nSmKRCYI3H5ICXDVjMgZ-lEipIfkX15X30n0jefhnZySR/s320/joe+27.jpg" width="253" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL RAY HARWOOD</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHu6D-mMCj1ICCNPT6JlnFus0PSr6xDzqMvfRImfJaWhytHQjkC9I7-EMBOJkWCrBiqJVQsuUc9XYM3p_TX8DyejMgTxwvmbi-0D6rCgJLBkXHS6vXrobi2kFUpMCrR2csf4A_O8sJkpSh/s1600/joe+30.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHu6D-mMCj1ICCNPT6JlnFus0PSr6xDzqMvfRImfJaWhytHQjkC9I7-EMBOJkWCrBiqJVQsuUc9XYM3p_TX8DyejMgTxwvmbi-0D6rCgJLBkXHS6vXrobi2kFUpMCrR2csf4A_O8sJkpSh/s320/joe+30.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<b>
Miwok Archeological Preserve of Marin
Spring Classes - 2003</b>
MAPOM's Fall Classes in California Indian Skills will take place in the Spring and Fall. Classes are held at the reconstructed Miwok village, Kule Loklo, at beautiful Point Reyes National Seashore near Olema in western Marin
County.
The classes are designed to give students a concentrated look at one aspect of Native culture. The subjects of all classes are adult skills taught on an adult level and usually involve hands-on participation by students. Traditional materials are used in our classes. Students provide some tools.
Classes are for adults (over 15-years-old) and participants must pre-register by mailing a check or money order to MAPOM, 2255 Las Gallinas, San Rafael, CA 94903. Please add $5 membership fee if you are taking a class from us for the first time (or are a senior or a full time student), and $10 if you are renewing your membership. We'll send a confirmation with details of what to bring and a map. Price reductions for California Indians and people working with groups of Indian children.
MAPOM thanks the American Indian Cultural Center of San Francisco for a generous donation in support of these classes.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: Call Sylvia Thalman 415-479-3281 or e-mail us at MAPOM@aol.com. For registration information or detailed info, see our website at www.MAPOM.com.
<b>TOOLS FOR CHOPPING, SCRAPING AND DRILLING </b>- April 5 (Saturday) 10 am - 4 pm
This new class will cover manufacture of chert hand tools, including hafted hand axes, used for working wood as in bow and arrow making, adzes for reducing wood on bows and arrows and for scraping willow for basket making, bits for shafted drills. These were fastened to the shafts with sinew and asphaltum.
Instructor: <b>Joe Dabill
</b> $65
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6lfIch3_8cicfYhGroLBck1q8xL-4UHMyGRcf7GABSCRAS7FNgmz4xVCcd6uXcnUlAwzheN0zrQ32xsIhVQ2HylMZHB36wrDl9D-0w7ggYjhoy2ZyDoYpx65TBY_S7LyxSHL2VI_dXhFe/s1600/joe+24.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6lfIch3_8cicfYhGroLBck1q8xL-4UHMyGRcf7GABSCRAS7FNgmz4xVCcd6uXcnUlAwzheN0zrQ32xsIhVQ2HylMZHB36wrDl9D-0w7ggYjhoy2ZyDoYpx65TBY_S7LyxSHL2VI_dXhFe/s320/joe+24.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCywtMZPBzIuEoPjhv9otDvj6lKoVEKu2vyxCb5C7_xvw7ykmqhrPM3kLKt6w5xG8yLN7JM2QDSUkEsc8gbVop4c18s90yGlRygaWsUCIkRXH_8_cV8U8pFQZ6ylBszYLkNeglvP-mDhFJ/s1600/joe+26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCywtMZPBzIuEoPjhv9otDvj6lKoVEKu2vyxCb5C7_xvw7ykmqhrPM3kLKt6w5xG8yLN7JM2QDSUkEsc8gbVop4c18s90yGlRygaWsUCIkRXH_8_cV8U8pFQZ6ylBszYLkNeglvP-mDhFJ/s320/joe+26.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
/
<b>Joe Dabill, Teacher HEAD WATERS
Classes: Wilderness Skills, Bow and Arrow Making<i></i></b>,
Joe Dabill is nationally recognized as an expert in bow making, fire making, flint knapping, hide tanning and more. He has been teaching wilderness skills since 1980. He has been teaching classes at Headwaters Outdoor School since 1992.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_RFYIVMwOqjpoWM0BuNapScUjV5NFkDHKdhXIFd3mBOHaPGl-DDZ1tbbvn_mH1HE2iArkEdrKloIoadlnD8X6B40iFnbI8cdXvG6U6O64UCjZUVOIk9AkZS-S-isBM8a1sBr_JT0lPLXw/s1600/joe+25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_RFYIVMwOqjpoWM0BuNapScUjV5NFkDHKdhXIFd3mBOHaPGl-DDZ1tbbvn_mH1HE2iArkEdrKloIoadlnD8X6B40iFnbI8cdXvG6U6O64UCjZUVOIk9AkZS-S-isBM8a1sBr_JT0lPLXw/s320/joe+25.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD90IA3phaRkpB5OhMH-k7dokwlyvY4N6gtUYObjwxEP7x93WgjuhW9lTJ3yQChc96c6Iossz-0IHF8oicVKTPf8xjuJy1zpw_4TBkc4vDr2hlLZTUPwHJrAnmObuD7gkxrhTaCdtmfNt-/s1600/joe+27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD90IA3phaRkpB5OhMH-k7dokwlyvY4N6gtUYObjwxEP7x93WgjuhW9lTJ3yQChc96c6Iossz-0IHF8oicVKTPf8xjuJy1zpw_4TBkc4vDr2hlLZTUPwHJrAnmObuD7gkxrhTaCdtmfNt-/s320/joe+27.jpg" width="253" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdqzBW8xTnPwnYugDpmw6SPyXWeSZldu5X4b36rZHSw-vrP8qaLKrZAGyAFgq15cODDQLDzhf0KTqXfUGWfGQ9UAbG0Nawv0jorNJJJ-33x1ptfzspEC82FVbZBtoAbRrUR_WA9K6TGxxq/s1600/joe+17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdqzBW8xTnPwnYugDpmw6SPyXWeSZldu5X4b36rZHSw-vrP8qaLKrZAGyAFgq15cODDQLDzhf0KTqXfUGWfGQ9UAbG0Nawv0jorNJJJ-33x1ptfzspEC82FVbZBtoAbRrUR_WA9K6TGxxq/s320/joe+17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXBRfmR7z108OdhTfERd20ZJMXDb0tXe4rifhAvwrd-kFBenTPUC9IMPqOL7n5lFkAnY5qAr9DVcMRFGEknjd1vr9kXZS6joLyvwWafh4Cs-xr9iR9oxzt6mcR-nb7d71QfXbJTpSxDKa2/s1600/joe+24.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXBRfmR7z108OdhTfERd20ZJMXDb0tXe4rifhAvwrd-kFBenTPUC9IMPqOL7n5lFkAnY5qAr9DVcMRFGEknjd1vr9kXZS6joLyvwWafh4Cs-xr9iR9oxzt6mcR-nb7d71QfXbJTpSxDKa2/s320/joe+24.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgorwQ5as_nFQNmVUyrjRFL1KyYtL4wpNbuQaB0zhIh3LMTFyJlSmYRF1kz6KG0Pa4sZi5X78EUQDDQzJz85jkd3j9JRw1_s0tK6XUZVl67IlMXfu9XNxYJ4Uw9duNTv-V3s10__Iz9qxol/s1600/joe+26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgorwQ5as_nFQNmVUyrjRFL1KyYtL4wpNbuQaB0zhIh3LMTFyJlSmYRF1kz6KG0Pa4sZi5X78EUQDDQzJz85jkd3j9JRw1_s0tK6XUZVl67IlMXfu9XNxYJ4Uw9duNTv-V3s10__Iz9qxol/s320/joe+26.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGNQdjvOZzn-x7J34WYsxf9Ic8WZldWc9JOX9o4wqU4PTurvqhM2SUnPle9fW-ozUk0rTwUp6CxF26HILYKHjuglvCgsmnqVeuWjIFf5v5JsAJ2i8T-ZssazSjQKcwj52dZik_5Y7pZkI2/s1600/joe+18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="85" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGNQdjvOZzn-x7J34WYsxf9Ic8WZldWc9JOX9o4wqU4PTurvqhM2SUnPle9fW-ozUk0rTwUp6CxF26HILYKHjuglvCgsmnqVeuWjIFf5v5JsAJ2i8T-ZssazSjQKcwj52dZik_5Y7pZkI2/s320/joe+18.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj582h7QZJrBNQaNeRaPRFhXvVArNQRUstKZ0aH6ywavWBnUOyml2hg6Xr_jVWd3SJe9C-7xz2-oj6_8vrx9dW00tiYVUiFBYWaenc_bE8n77sGXAQ54IKeWSXgFu5p6Q1NJDnmy-d4ice/s1600/joe+10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj582h7QZJrBNQaNeRaPRFhXvVArNQRUstKZ0aH6ywavWBnUOyml2hg6Xr_jVWd3SJe9C-7xz2-oj6_8vrx9dW00tiYVUiFBYWaenc_bE8n77sGXAQ54IKeWSXgFu5p6Q1NJDnmy-d4ice/s320/joe+10.jpg" width="259" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Native American
Arrowpoint Jewelry <i></i></b>.
.
White quartz crystal from Calaveras, California.
Quartz Crystal
.
The same crystal used to make computer chips.
Silicone Crystal
.
Reddish amber with dark streaks and swirls.
Australian Agate
.
Volcanic glass from Northern California.
Black Obsidian
.
.
.
These Arrow Point Neckpieces are made as authenicately as possible to actual ancient native techniques. From the hand-shaped arrow point, to the hardwood arrow shaft, to the deer hide neckstrap, these are in fact made with the similar materials and techniques that indigenous hunters used for milleniums. Duplicated to exacting detail by native skills and survival specialist, Joe Dabill of Mission San Miguel, California, these neckpieces offer a reminder of the people that originally settled the land.
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF91bQQSpMSmlWF04jknv3zaC5NBY2H8rxbQkMKjdR6kOob3rPg08R77CqbkF1PUbkdgWi3Es96uVmJ6ZQELuGC6cMSVirFQYVfiCdrbm28X-2WUDe5TiPWP62A7XoVOMpI-gLZV1cxQse/s1600/joe+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF91bQQSpMSmlWF04jknv3zaC5NBY2H8rxbQkMKjdR6kOob3rPg08R77CqbkF1PUbkdgWi3Es96uVmJ6ZQELuGC6cMSVirFQYVfiCdrbm28X-2WUDe5TiPWP62A7XoVOMpI-gLZV1cxQse/s320/joe+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNufZRU1svfQZMzJApHBmjo2kEOQwSo0Yw5NtyG1C_5A0NP0L_FqY2vyyqD2wi18_9xtetN-Wr9X1UuReutVAd0jEiDBOAK0L1AoSe28MqOz6SCJ7q7p1Ip-2kRQaoGYzWTDuHELOfORXm/s1600/joe+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNufZRU1svfQZMzJApHBmjo2kEOQwSo0Yw5NtyG1C_5A0NP0L_FqY2vyyqD2wi18_9xtetN-Wr9X1UuReutVAd0jEiDBOAK0L1AoSe28MqOz6SCJ7q7p1Ip-2kRQaoGYzWTDuHELOfORXm/s320/joe+3.jpg" width="209" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWe0qNAUqlbyPkceuYkjwJPAG5k7t5T2gmSu44kCiEmSiDJG4xTNNxTWO8hfJZW_25HxE93Nt9MVs1jLbYWuDGVySL5FFVqFmHBZd_TvuNpira67XQDRfZBe8i1gKyFLrw2KO4NINsFNlL/s1600/joe+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWe0qNAUqlbyPkceuYkjwJPAG5k7t5T2gmSu44kCiEmSiDJG4xTNNxTWO8hfJZW_25HxE93Nt9MVs1jLbYWuDGVySL5FFVqFmHBZd_TvuNpira67XQDRfZBe8i1gKyFLrw2KO4NINsFNlL/s320/joe+4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmgTHySUHEz90m-L_ZwkJvpykRrD2cV1G285_Q396RjpvpYWbIdAucqnNcCpo28hAig2lkvT2jyld63K1VCcnPR6DD_v4IH2FjJKc2HVLlhVZQyyOTrL07loAYa5T9T2DB5rh9AQnUYHnF/s1600/joe+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmgTHySUHEz90m-L_ZwkJvpykRrD2cV1G285_Q396RjpvpYWbIdAucqnNcCpo28hAig2lkvT2jyld63K1VCcnPR6DD_v4IH2FjJKc2HVLlhVZQyyOTrL07loAYa5T9T2DB5rh9AQnUYHnF/s320/joe+5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxLyIv5NRrJPp2eenyvPgs2BrwlJ_KcvL1Kjzl1k-opy-Y2oilXnrVLze5BgnEL5v6XTAabjItkaWghd7Pp6CsUGrrWURtvW4yPysVjXTZzEqTKGcBH1jq3sDYwp9yR6Tr1cDQ6sKKK2kh/s1600/joe+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="616" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxLyIv5NRrJPp2eenyvPgs2BrwlJ_KcvL1Kjzl1k-opy-Y2oilXnrVLze5BgnEL5v6XTAabjItkaWghd7Pp6CsUGrrWURtvW4yPysVjXTZzEqTKGcBH1jq3sDYwp9yR6Tr1cDQ6sKKK2kh/s640/joe+7.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLINTKNAPPER JOE DABILL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCJVbq2FYetWBfKKHug7fKaugrmSVyYHiIupyea2sUBYjNbRsiDagUNj-yoSfAEH6FZ3-6oremnkCx-mKd9sgDHV5325k2d8C4uS3FgDaYmJzrMzsatFdZD_Jrt3qbnWHNgff7Gy6_jrSS/s1600/joe+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCJVbq2FYetWBfKKHug7fKaugrmSVyYHiIupyea2sUBYjNbRsiDagUNj-yoSfAEH6FZ3-6oremnkCx-mKd9sgDHV5325k2d8C4uS3FgDaYmJzrMzsatFdZD_Jrt3qbnWHNgff7Gy6_jrSS/s320/joe+8.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-51061862708355327432011-08-10T20:11:00.001-07:002011-08-10T21:23:29.209-07:00YOSEMITE HOSTED KNAP-IN <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh79n_HEUJ4EX2cpk48SFGzD6TcGp1mPgxDftIhc5GDrCbnMTSn_f-IbiC_fyxRnJI0QeHQDSoIm2SIimHsO1BE4TRVBC3dDgBnGmPuy_Zwr8IPODx7uKj1duwzYhzY3jnTPIW1MhURpkU/s1600/YOSEMITE+TRIP+NOV+2010+030.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh79n_HEUJ4EX2cpk48SFGzD6TcGp1mPgxDftIhc5GDrCbnMTSn_f-IbiC_fyxRnJI0QeHQDSoIm2SIimHsO1BE4TRVBC3dDgBnGmPuy_Zwr8IPODx7uKj1duwzYhzY3jnTPIW1MhURpkU/s400/YOSEMITE+TRIP+NOV+2010+030.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5625161112523545618" /></a> Photos by: Ray Harwood
<br />
<br />FROM GLACIER POINT
<br />Half Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, located in northeastern Mariposa County, California, at the eastern end of Yosemite Valley — possibly Yosemite's most familiar rock formation. The granite crest rises more than 4,737 ft (1,444 m) above the valley floor.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz7EM818rhusnUSkmLonUxhQDnTbEj3bzhnGDL0v2dMedkmCpmhKCQzGAj44reR9iNfgkz0GzdX3PAzcFcJEZDAU9gi6hjA6tIEobxZ8JX5ggvLjKX39kYKAztLPmaCWbOqYHyidzwRh8/s1600/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+%25232+073.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz7EM818rhusnUSkmLonUxhQDnTbEj3bzhnGDL0v2dMedkmCpmhKCQzGAj44reR9iNfgkz0GzdX3PAzcFcJEZDAU9gi6hjA6tIEobxZ8JX5ggvLjKX39kYKAztLPmaCWbOqYHyidzwRh8/s400/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+%25232+073.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639070022675630402" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0pT_U20o0ZQvvOChj_qGAp-DvIvHyU-SJChlVpUuk9ThRMGNRNxeIwKvv4vaEIzT4DZ5vm5ypUjUYIyFViOJrre5U0ocfDcE0Rwz715yVhBWQKhrpX7V_92VM_A9GugoKr4Iqk1kMec/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+018.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0pT_U20o0ZQvvOChj_qGAp-DvIvHyU-SJChlVpUuk9ThRMGNRNxeIwKvv4vaEIzT4DZ5vm5ypUjUYIyFViOJrre5U0ocfDcE0Rwz715yVhBWQKhrpX7V_92VM_A9GugoKr4Iqk1kMec/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+018.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639071199376711298" /></a>
<br />The geology of the Yosemite area is characterized by granitic rocks and remnants of older rock. About 10 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada was uplifted and then tilted to form its relatively gentle western slopes and the more dramatic eastern slopes. The uplift increased the steepness of stream and river beds, resulting in formation of deep, narrow canyons. About 1 million years ago, snow and ice accumulated, forming glaciers at the higher alpine meadows that moved down the river valleys. Ice thickness in Yosemite Valley may have reached 4,000 feet (1,200 m) during the early glacial episode. The downslope movement of the ice masses cut and sculpted the U-shaped valley that attracts so many visitors to its scenic vistas today.[5]
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNpz1_2F_fxLtq1peenwCM5hcJ8vTV1Z80EclurdkJiQhlFjTtGxG8ekL1ngSyuvJWkO1TdOA3OVRCWLHLvwBu6O099Erzkv3sU3N8DLPeLj4xRvDWORVLkThelsTccEkGPcLbTkL8ung/s1600/SEQUOIA+2011+074.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNpz1_2F_fxLtq1peenwCM5hcJ8vTV1Z80EclurdkJiQhlFjTtGxG8ekL1ngSyuvJWkO1TdOA3OVRCWLHLvwBu6O099Erzkv3sU3N8DLPeLj4xRvDWORVLkThelsTccEkGPcLbTkL8ung/s400/SEQUOIA+2011+074.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639075206860633682" /></a>
<br />The bears in Yosemite are all black bears, even if they are brown or blonde.
<br />The bears feed on plants in the meadows in the moring and afternoon. The bears
<br />do try and eat your camp food.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz79tPFQvqOwm2yK4PaOk4lzaSN_8q0mXSBQqm3GX_EkgpkVpQVHibjF-OJdN_R4dP9NCVHuAx1dt7BFx36twl6QTG9DMiUwseIybYFV4fBIepic8VUVkKmtqNcRjoEsZYpraVXo9nkSE/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+111.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz79tPFQvqOwm2yK4PaOk4lzaSN_8q0mXSBQqm3GX_EkgpkVpQVHibjF-OJdN_R4dP9NCVHuAx1dt7BFx36twl6QTG9DMiUwseIybYFV4fBIepic8VUVkKmtqNcRjoEsZYpraVXo9nkSE/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+111.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639070413174548690" /></a>
<br />Ray Harwood knapped these obsidian items. These were viewed by thousands of
<br />interested visitors during the Yosemite knap-in.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmTjG6p0CGhxlyRCc7V2tVvxqluqYoSGPwQlVLyxIf3Zlp1klWCQpgToA0yioewUhCVskPLyHQwtLDCT63o9GQTD9zR9bPiXseUrPFOCV-gMfMEK10YGfedDANc-XHBw7K8NHlPYzd3OA/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+104.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmTjG6p0CGhxlyRCc7V2tVvxqluqYoSGPwQlVLyxIf3Zlp1klWCQpgToA0yioewUhCVskPLyHQwtLDCT63o9GQTD9zR9bPiXseUrPFOCV-gMfMEK10YGfedDANc-XHBw7K8NHlPYzd3OA/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+104.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639069209618766274" /></a>
<br />
<br />The Yosemite shuttle goes all through the park for free! starts at 7:30 A.M.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_xApnY699oprvIgspRHvvMJLwQk_SQGfDphUc4HxisZb3oDQLsrXRsXMGdRATERlVWSOkvqXX6PaJsxtBUZCt0TKSShOyO8SKPSb2LApLXCQGZc8PeQnKO_JpCBAA5RzgS-MRf0Urd1M/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+055.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_xApnY699oprvIgspRHvvMJLwQk_SQGfDphUc4HxisZb3oDQLsrXRsXMGdRATERlVWSOkvqXX6PaJsxtBUZCt0TKSShOyO8SKPSb2LApLXCQGZc8PeQnKO_JpCBAA5RzgS-MRf0Urd1M/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+055.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639068765265078338" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz-F0b3hPBvNWw7DSDGcMg-cbRV0mHXea1zkNAzCBHTBBJm3oeGOj08nkqIIxXy4ga9l7vjS83qvQ02MEfYMAfv5Vw1JPwNjiHrrItVhwhtZ3e4bFc0qX6CwuFgVeYfdqRVg68tmLFDuc/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+076.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz-F0b3hPBvNWw7DSDGcMg-cbRV0mHXea1zkNAzCBHTBBJm3oeGOj08nkqIIxXy4ga9l7vjS83qvQ02MEfYMAfv5Vw1JPwNjiHrrItVhwhtZ3e4bFc0qX6CwuFgVeYfdqRVg68tmLFDuc/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+076.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639067999270470354" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8hyssyCpIdKf5iZDeRWK7w6rRZWQp1ItD0ZAHakP53uHViY3-s0lwDOep2zjbojiveHv472Z9yheBHUABkPPJp3QVrhNkJOnYrKUsssCfZ-50ef1r3tah7X9fd-d1fsBV4dImTgFy9w/s1600/7-11-2011+camp+curry+022.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8hyssyCpIdKf5iZDeRWK7w6rRZWQp1ItD0ZAHakP53uHViY3-s0lwDOep2zjbojiveHv472Z9yheBHUABkPPJp3QVrhNkJOnYrKUsssCfZ-50ef1r3tah7X9fd-d1fsBV4dImTgFy9w/s400/7-11-2011+camp+curry+022.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639067563103568338" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />Half Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, located in northeastern Mariposa County, California, at the eastern end of Yosemite Valley — possibly Yosemite's most familiar rock formation. The granite crest rises more than 4,737 ft (1,444 m) above the valley floor.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWgj9JbnBdTO5qWe1KDDriXItBT8OENqC9nJaeUhRwKBvGdTFjQZ5SlwYixGJrcmy93kTaIv5I977JdblNpT91Ga-lfEi3D8P5f4LvyIqHwRbelCVmsFLqVFZTr2dK6ri1CMyByh2iW50/s1600/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+%25232+013.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWgj9JbnBdTO5qWe1KDDriXItBT8OENqC9nJaeUhRwKBvGdTFjQZ5SlwYixGJrcmy93kTaIv5I977JdblNpT91Ga-lfEi3D8P5f4LvyIqHwRbelCVmsFLqVFZTr2dK6ri1CMyByh2iW50/s400/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+%25232+013.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639066967027956466" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />You can see Yosemite Falls from numerous places around Yosemite Valley, especially around Yosemite Village and Yosemite Lodge. A one-mile loop trail leads to the base of Lower Yosemite Fall (the eastern side of the loop, from the shuttle stop to the base of the waterfall, is wheelchair accessible).
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXN_7jDh9HvPrk_NHPr_za1Psc_aUm-ziSzLWv2G9MmF24C44FcBaZ2Mer-D576XpKj0syK2BYw7C1kqABq4-j-y83xCb6nRLaDxB34vO6AxnnUUMoix7if2OaIQnGsbADelYLPllynyk/s1600/me.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 170px; height: 226px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXN_7jDh9HvPrk_NHPr_za1Psc_aUm-ziSzLWv2G9MmF24C44FcBaZ2Mer-D576XpKj0syK2BYw7C1kqABq4-j-y83xCb6nRLaDxB34vO6AxnnUUMoix7if2OaIQnGsbADelYLPllynyk/s400/me.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639066433156827570" /></a>
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRAy7q67kdz0xJhXJqldcr5ZophImzm0ca-V9gjQrkje_F4gKbqiCuCMhDPn09jegmqdRRuokbMft37URHS-6zqF4xQLeJKtX_tdzQ4EsMq_AUbyniGK3eo0iMM2DzSjzBa1JwergM-Rk/s1600/yosemite.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 299px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRAy7q67kdz0xJhXJqldcr5ZophImzm0ca-V9gjQrkje_F4gKbqiCuCMhDPn09jegmqdRRuokbMft37URHS-6zqF4xQLeJKtX_tdzQ4EsMq_AUbyniGK3eo0iMM2DzSjzBa1JwergM-Rk/s400/yosemite.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639066428213128658" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjahEYiECXhKL5OR1aqm1XUkVWZxGQIsPFuR-nVkrL39eMbaQr6izFcpCdUNrxqITBf4jK0g4KT4cM09bDdK02_P28gO9G0NVQxX-SttY9gQnFMTos7lkwSX_45kTaAXhjBRD1v5BJp46M/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+061.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjahEYiECXhKL5OR1aqm1XUkVWZxGQIsPFuR-nVkrL39eMbaQr6izFcpCdUNrxqITBf4jK0g4KT4cM09bDdK02_P28gO9G0NVQxX-SttY9gQnFMTos7lkwSX_45kTaAXhjBRD1v5BJp46M/s400/yosemite+knap+in+061.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639073532018800722" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBCqis1J54Yh_8ixvlH9XWn5MeaTN-BPyVbHayWAvfzVaSw1BGYUwb2PtWQFfXRdeCn2DXGI-C6ZusUgsjDbW8Wd061q-t25RvX6vo_t0pVvyn4BI3TTelc4dNvtVs83_W-KPBz46GwbE/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+064.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBCqis1J54Yh_8ixvlH9XWn5MeaTN-BPyVbHayWAvfzVaSw1BGYUwb2PtWQFfXRdeCn2DXGI-C6ZusUgsjDbW8Wd061q-t25RvX6vo_t0pVvyn4BI3TTelc4dNvtVs83_W-KPBz46GwbE/s400/yosemite+knap+in+064.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639065706641097794" /></a>
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3TQHbJgXbI4B3sCPtgrDUhTSvguPjEr_e_0k-QHVWjmLMIUsnPgdLRjZJlhlagsPAJ9b9f0Kk5AxEUhO1zK52x2R-XqMEsqPfx88NNZqCiLkN4oj7J6kswuubAy-94ogo3MGvs_huSiY/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+065.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3TQHbJgXbI4B3sCPtgrDUhTSvguPjEr_e_0k-QHVWjmLMIUsnPgdLRjZJlhlagsPAJ9b9f0Kk5AxEUhO1zK52x2R-XqMEsqPfx88NNZqCiLkN4oj7J6kswuubAy-94ogo3MGvs_huSiY/s400/yosemite+knap+in+065.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639065704805802274" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRidFBUnAna5I8PSI_iqLeSDyUQvr_0IFHL-wjM5ZINYhwJunbcAjMrqifMvK1aHP3L25V4rFj63MO1iPrvzrb48zv3Cc1eYi1L1bALC6Tc1F1KwmcXp2RMEop_6-DJ0n9qfV_3QJrHjU/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+015.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRidFBUnAna5I8PSI_iqLeSDyUQvr_0IFHL-wjM5ZINYhwJunbcAjMrqifMvK1aHP3L25V4rFj63MO1iPrvzrb48zv3Cc1eYi1L1bALC6Tc1F1KwmcXp2RMEop_6-DJ0n9qfV_3QJrHjU/s400/yosemite+knap+in+015.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639065201306080530" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdGiBOHtvl9fnrzQa80dot-Ivbwea2Ii8fTR0HsUSqMtIzrsgOAWpZ-4Bip8mTtTuBMraXKOSdzmfDXG9L0L6InDrKrXeRvJ6o4OB5uX2YZM_nrJ9AcaWPtpim_sXdJaBzzx1sIZ-ehlg/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+071.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdGiBOHtvl9fnrzQa80dot-Ivbwea2Ii8fTR0HsUSqMtIzrsgOAWpZ-4Bip8mTtTuBMraXKOSdzmfDXG9L0L6InDrKrXeRvJ6o4OB5uX2YZM_nrJ9AcaWPtpim_sXdJaBzzx1sIZ-ehlg/s400/yosemite+knap+in+071.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639064801154136018" /></a>
<br />
<br />Ben_Cunningham was the host of the knapin. Ben works hard there at the museum and indian village.
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_cqlIhviImGUTPHIOf9M2fLYnov3PrxVYm6yo7w1NKPsM-3KN5bV2u_vbwuujSP0krtEZXPH6bm3zpk3oq0ghFcr2b-gQc9R4TKBDBSCRAbIp8VU71Dm9fWRk2mO-WH3_sxZw169galI/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+078.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_cqlIhviImGUTPHIOf9M2fLYnov3PrxVYm6yo7w1NKPsM-3KN5bV2u_vbwuujSP0krtEZXPH6bm3zpk3oq0ghFcr2b-gQc9R4TKBDBSCRAbIp8VU71Dm9fWRk2mO-WH3_sxZw169galI/s400/yosemite+knap+in+078.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639064644051289170" /></a>
<br />
<br />Ken Kehoe
<br />
<br />
<br />Knappers Unite!
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />At the 2011, 18th Annual Coyote Hills Knap-In!
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Aug. 27th and 28th (Sat. & Sun.) from 10:00 to 4:00
<br />
<br />at
<br />
<br />Coyote Hills Regional Park in Fremont, CA.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />http://www.ebparks.org/parks/coyote_hills
<br />
<br />
<br />Camping available for Sat. night.
<br />
<br />
<br />For more details call Ken Peek at:
<br />
<br />(510) 537-1215.
<br />
<br />
<br />Hope to see you there
<br />
<br />Ken Kehoe
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQLFUBICxom7jlFpi18LlFd4aVwKxvZGX9E0ImtX_ng2CE_PlinXiwQczG4rphCmoIXxr0r1YD9J8V_hSDkiGaTrvH1ML6Kbqhnj99QExH4tlyDjUdW6hmvgboZgJO_aE9H1HU3XT4w60/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+076.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQLFUBICxom7jlFpi18LlFd4aVwKxvZGX9E0ImtX_ng2CE_PlinXiwQczG4rphCmoIXxr0r1YD9J8V_hSDkiGaTrvH1ML6Kbqhnj99QExH4tlyDjUdW6hmvgboZgJO_aE9H1HU3XT4w60/s400/yosemite+knap+in+076.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639064513914212066" /></a>
<br /><strong> Ken Peek </strong>
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8bNBWL9G15pFxwsLvn2lOOjP0aA_DPaiyhdUhj65-I4EVmznWSjyTJrZ7WI5dofNS4B7qRwLrLJdzj3FDpf-V2pkAbzKjmpLwUQ2sJBVP8LFdVkBH03qPcZgB6KvQUAWyYUjRZvnKpSU/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+052.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8bNBWL9G15pFxwsLvn2lOOjP0aA_DPaiyhdUhj65-I4EVmznWSjyTJrZ7WI5dofNS4B7qRwLrLJdzj3FDpf-V2pkAbzKjmpLwUQ2sJBVP8LFdVkBH03qPcZgB6KvQUAWyYUjRZvnKpSU/s400/yosemite+knap+in+052.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639038761285321026" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyUGk-HElKOUVlCnkxyJKfsK-Z182PCJHhdc1Fv1WivkSl_YLJur_fCCHtG4HB4vM9XBCtuIN2acvdWOUz6Hq77IIwfmFVsKGkjwc-5_SVVTJVG-ws2X2bE7OKkz6VeTSx0cThWRGdxE/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+010.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyUGk-HElKOUVlCnkxyJKfsK-Z182PCJHhdc1Fv1WivkSl_YLJur_fCCHtG4HB4vM9XBCtuIN2acvdWOUz6Hq77IIwfmFVsKGkjwc-5_SVVTJVG-ws2X2bE7OKkz6VeTSx0cThWRGdxE/s400/yosemite+knap+in+010.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639038468813726146" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGdSWe15BqBDnquFj80hPNZFNo7XVROQ_RydBtUOGRExvx_fEVyzBjEpcv0MrkEd4KuKAxg0kJzZz-SQUOssbI41c77BLbOFtGfuYjGtllUil1Gv4P4djVzuqdv7OmUcC8vCMQ-qWuZpM/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+044.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGdSWe15BqBDnquFj80hPNZFNo7XVROQ_RydBtUOGRExvx_fEVyzBjEpcv0MrkEd4KuKAxg0kJzZz-SQUOssbI41c77BLbOFtGfuYjGtllUil1Gv4P4djVzuqdv7OmUcC8vCMQ-qWuZpM/s400/yosemite+knap+in+044.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639038216435221554" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq1sRQZl9LAlw808qyKzyxjrPOEFuRryUu9ifV27xyNohEj5gZP086n-Uu8tQjoabOfoCZ2WuYBN0jZ1JLvqlyiWvjEIDSUnY2kjhQHUOLeGI-IgnQTPFqirwb3bEZoBMFuagosSZ5v8E/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+029.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq1sRQZl9LAlw808qyKzyxjrPOEFuRryUu9ifV27xyNohEj5gZP086n-Uu8tQjoabOfoCZ2WuYBN0jZ1JLvqlyiWvjEIDSUnY2kjhQHUOLeGI-IgnQTPFqirwb3bEZoBMFuagosSZ5v8E/s400/yosemite+knap+in+029.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037986047187970" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUGmczt3cowl2rFmmiQ3YXXM9bmtT1pwJNVEryaAbPABwIG85s1t3xqOrcgN1m192H8l5kg_vfFQNklle8pLAzAOG9SnhIUeWpkny_FWYg59cktJS6AGxrTU-4dEm36tjG_88Un8QEsvw/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+043.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUGmczt3cowl2rFmmiQ3YXXM9bmtT1pwJNVEryaAbPABwIG85s1t3xqOrcgN1m192H8l5kg_vfFQNklle8pLAzAOG9SnhIUeWpkny_FWYg59cktJS6AGxrTU-4dEm36tjG_88Un8QEsvw/s400/yosemite+knap+in+043.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037842169710290" /></a>
<br />
<br /><strong>Jeannie Binning.</strong> California State University Riverside PhD in Archaeology . Flintknapping since the 1970s.
<br />Archaeologist, Flintknapper, Primitive Technologist.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Here is Jeannie's School:
<br />
<br /><strong>LITHIC TECHNOLOGY FIELD SCHOOL</strong>Field School Dates: Saturday, June 11 to Friday, June 24, 2011
<br />Field School Location: California Desert Studies Center, ZZYZX, California
<br />Desert Studies Center Information: http://biology.fullerton.edu/dsc/school/about.html
<br />Registration Instructions: Complete this Registration Form and return it to the address below with a refundable deposit ($450) or payment in full. Upon receipt of your completed Registration Form, you will be sent a confirmation letter and additional information. Please note that the remaining payment is due two weeks before the Field School begins (May 27th). Checks or money orders only.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2qukx98hGzyrUGccvmAqHudUDh4OiMcW3O7kCaXqox-Vm0I3FnS20Qgd_d_I3r6UEGdURciAOqNGN71ImfdboedmsumuEMH4nBAY-OXJiniikxT2IBsglR-uiF9v-KrgplPyiXbH6-bI/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+032.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2qukx98hGzyrUGccvmAqHudUDh4OiMcW3O7kCaXqox-Vm0I3FnS20Qgd_d_I3r6UEGdURciAOqNGN71ImfdboedmsumuEMH4nBAY-OXJiniikxT2IBsglR-uiF9v-KrgplPyiXbH6-bI/s400/yosemite+knap+in+032.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037617752369074" /></a>
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn76EjZ3c0qh66dtu9It-2ieUg3MHuBDEAzqNw3rfMutA0pvSreijfGy9EmbRO95rosV9uI093UDgNCDCDY4whPy_FMuUZRIQWf478u9JM0UtEo2PaPaRyjHl3zc0QBse0X2HDvCoexbA/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+030.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn76EjZ3c0qh66dtu9It-2ieUg3MHuBDEAzqNw3rfMutA0pvSreijfGy9EmbRO95rosV9uI093UDgNCDCDY4whPy_FMuUZRIQWf478u9JM0UtEo2PaPaRyjHl3zc0QBse0X2HDvCoexbA/s400/yosemite+knap+in+030.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037614325089090" /></a>
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7doi0mnl-YFnSIFxK9fquOiIBcP0_XalLBOdtCIFwy-eMLJxultX_xrfCdgQAA1LrCY5LGOFN32D2BBmhre241hYCoWX2pdUB6W7Y_5ADme-xtQoanfVdI_J8gS7PToZUMYOEWvJ-Rbs/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+025.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7doi0mnl-YFnSIFxK9fquOiIBcP0_XalLBOdtCIFwy-eMLJxultX_xrfCdgQAA1LrCY5LGOFN32D2BBmhre241hYCoWX2pdUB6W7Y_5ADme-xtQoanfVdI_J8gS7PToZUMYOEWvJ-Rbs/s400/yosemite+knap+in+025.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037612620731202" /></a>
<br />
<br />Class of 2000 · PhD · Archaeology
<br />Website http://www.obsidiandesigns.com
<br />About Susan: Archaeologist, Flintknapper, Primitive Technologist, Science Fiction Fan
<br /><strong>Susan Gleason</strong>.Owner at Phoenix Obsidian Designs. Studied Archaeology at University of California, Riverside. Lives in Grass Valley, California. It's complicated...From Grass Valley, California. Born on October 27, 1970. Susan said she sold a very large quantity of lithic art at the Yosemite knap-in.
<br />
<br />
<br />Yosemite, Flintknapping. .Knap In, Ray Harwood. obsidian, Bakersfield Arrowheads, Hank Ray, Jeannie Binning, Ben_Cunningham, Susan Gleason,Bears, Deer, Half Dome.
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbFeHYhm2tvvmvr2x7CqtDUn8scAvINHlC0PHQwuxgB17eivaDrmw9OZhm0w9Hia11gDlFVRsJVlTWCfD9wt47xBBfAaT8QEfGrHTwnbuAMzWciQyHIFxm7HDNTvbwuwU_ANLSt-EqgBw/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+018.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbFeHYhm2tvvmvr2x7CqtDUn8scAvINHlC0PHQwuxgB17eivaDrmw9OZhm0w9Hia11gDlFVRsJVlTWCfD9wt47xBBfAaT8QEfGrHTwnbuAMzWciQyHIFxm7HDNTvbwuwU_ANLSt-EqgBw/s400/yosemite+knap+in+018.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037257249883378" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDD6SPxmjX2ExD5Dut4F5c9aFg7YYq4WLii5FR7nefHe0lVdqpwbSpmldXbsdS3y_5IOlUKWGwNq-GSIK6kxSbRKfWrWz0_UrQahhDgOxrN3TFjuXR1nmEkJy0rurL1FXBxsweaBvAhsM/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+014.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDD6SPxmjX2ExD5Dut4F5c9aFg7YYq4WLii5FR7nefHe0lVdqpwbSpmldXbsdS3y_5IOlUKWGwNq-GSIK6kxSbRKfWrWz0_UrQahhDgOxrN3TFjuXR1nmEkJy0rurL1FXBxsweaBvAhsM/s400/yosemite+knap+in+014.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639037116696476514" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQNnrY4PaFYB47gtMqS94lEEpiUqk6Qwo5eyNQKkQPP_jxiq37JGosOb2jAHAPSG-42BsRXkzshYf-uQKs6FuVJ49ozyCH8lh4o6ifBhj4l94G9a8iQyC0eI21L_2TUoqsMqO9sK1Guzg/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+013.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQNnrY4PaFYB47gtMqS94lEEpiUqk6Qwo5eyNQKkQPP_jxiq37JGosOb2jAHAPSG-42BsRXkzshYf-uQKs6FuVJ49ozyCH8lh4o6ifBhj4l94G9a8iQyC0eI21L_2TUoqsMqO9sK1Guzg/s400/yosemite+knap+in+013.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639036798274387458" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaq_3M9vxMM_iGU6MpQgvvUAwR88yJq0tvI2A1DrZSgwrZiI8MvH0IEYp7hXVxFvaLQlQnJt3sq8NIAznXl2Mh4OVFwWPnsxL62aGQNZGwYBrX34uzDbh9oMQn_qOFwcHMRVwMuXGqRT0/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+012.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaq_3M9vxMM_iGU6MpQgvvUAwR88yJq0tvI2A1DrZSgwrZiI8MvH0IEYp7hXVxFvaLQlQnJt3sq8NIAznXl2Mh4OVFwWPnsxL62aGQNZGwYBrX34uzDbh9oMQn_qOFwcHMRVwMuXGqRT0/s400/yosemite+knap+in+012.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639036639128776690" /></a>
<br />
<br />Link to Merkle's 'Finegold knap in". Merkle and Patric Aims are long time flint knappers, Pat is a member of the "<strong>Bakersfield knappers".</strong>http://paleoplanet69529.yuku.com/topic/44156/Finegold-knap-in-photos-and-article
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Yn_YUGjsnp-jEMX6v3yftJWX1UUeDy-tmyn8p_yUd3ERZfjKkueHCymP-t7DKuKtimQmL-w1uthFcskI_PrXAh57DUzpYqIFkxgdQ-eqqxNOrrOlVHVEqRSVKn_CBPouoO4MfvMZZn4/s1600/yosemite+knap+in+009.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Yn_YUGjsnp-jEMX6v3yftJWX1UUeDy-tmyn8p_yUd3ERZfjKkueHCymP-t7DKuKtimQmL-w1uthFcskI_PrXAh57DUzpYqIFkxgdQ-eqqxNOrrOlVHVEqRSVKn_CBPouoO4MfvMZZn4/s400/yosemite+knap+in+009.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639036497571240194" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMXwW74qpYDmmcDaU8_PuyMuESsG_YgqNZlu0I9edEdwz4b1GUiJ1XvORarJbHgbFzocnAG2XPWNPuLlg0yBjfhgK1WvxeBeMcUr57n-ialbyf2xmR8DO-Jufb0GyfY29qltPsSoXXBTM/s1600/JEANNIE.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 266px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMXwW74qpYDmmcDaU8_PuyMuESsG_YgqNZlu0I9edEdwz4b1GUiJ1XvORarJbHgbFzocnAG2XPWNPuLlg0yBjfhgK1WvxeBeMcUr57n-ialbyf2xmR8DO-Jufb0GyfY29qltPsSoXXBTM/s400/JEANNIE.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639036185799392226" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5YxCmgWcs-2ms63GUo7qnqNQjT_iTovAEHUzSQY2IRg43oTCqZGQX0-kTj7yU7xFQrITMYL_xK2xJC-mO6L3o7j86cWyXYGtkKL80UhTJ2MWTCuCW02M3jXwF3JFXzVUfKYaNLOTz1Cs/s1600/REDUCTION.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 266px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5YxCmgWcs-2ms63GUo7qnqNQjT_iTovAEHUzSQY2IRg43oTCqZGQX0-kTj7yU7xFQrITMYL_xK2xJC-mO6L3o7j86cWyXYGtkKL80UhTJ2MWTCuCW02M3jXwF3JFXzVUfKYaNLOTz1Cs/s400/REDUCTION.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639035977313666674" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />Above <strong>Ray Harwood </strong>shows how to spall obsidian. Below RAy sits in a native bark dwelling with his "Moby Dick" arrowhead.
<br />
<br />Ray started flintknapping in 1969. He got his Archaeology degree in 1984, Studied with lithics expert Clay Singer. Ray often plays country blues guitar or banjo at
<br />knap ins. Ray has a black belt in Karate and was a tanker (armor) in the Army.
<br />Ray is an avid mountain biker, scuba diver and other stuff.
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIq9CMc-38N8TsIeZQIng8VGFW2b-PveHIt2sFdHLPK5zTUxVx8SfGjyRZjXTMKV8vbyzYKxpJZXidI-3lXI83vpReuXfk_o1ueRmY0g5992ctZZOaMOXeDZ43pL-0mqYq4Y0K4OY43M0/s1600/WHITE+2.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 266px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIq9CMc-38N8TsIeZQIng8VGFW2b-PveHIt2sFdHLPK5zTUxVx8SfGjyRZjXTMKV8vbyzYKxpJZXidI-3lXI83vpReuXfk_o1ueRmY0g5992ctZZOaMOXeDZ43pL-0mqYq4Y0K4OY43M0/s400/WHITE+2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639035860494733458" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLbfQS5NPglaAkNj691z0GHZKnC4YwueP-zKFDA0u0n1jbB1KcBQT6iFDnxkRCU0vyrKs0nHczZLfF14FUOd16aovUChkvLETqCxM8Ygg4_KJyrMRFpofS21QiDuHX4Y3bwAEBOtx8jmE/s1600/EL+CAP.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 266px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLbfQS5NPglaAkNj691z0GHZKnC4YwueP-zKFDA0u0n1jbB1KcBQT6iFDnxkRCU0vyrKs0nHczZLfF14FUOd16aovUChkvLETqCxM8Ygg4_KJyrMRFpofS21QiDuHX4Y3bwAEBOtx8jmE/s400/EL+CAP.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5639035509606822466" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><strong>THE YOSEMITE KNAP IN AUGUST 6TH AND 7TH, 2011</strong>
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJj6bYISevhGw3cb-7ruHpbRBC3S5EHBHWNyk5xlqB-6NbPZadbI76JTuMoxaZarGyKdIUF5c1drsAVFpVHmwhVuzPqDUuqj9F0EidIG_orj_9aOr394cAFA4pBjJhNDix0S4d-xPYl2c/s1600/YOSEMITE+LETTER.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 299px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJj6bYISevhGw3cb-7ruHpbRBC3S5EHBHWNyk5xlqB-6NbPZadbI76JTuMoxaZarGyKdIUF5c1drsAVFpVHmwhVuzPqDUuqj9F0EidIG_orj_9aOr394cAFA4pBjJhNDix0S4d-xPYl2c/s400/YOSEMITE+LETTER.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5637216977841410786" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZ29eJevsPIo3sqHB7d-Y3HfYP6WS9Zg7eHBhPh1Eg5yDVY393hBwfN4fu9SVNhp5nNP7qWno5hTeJN0zruBgDrcAwLD24jRxRqluE9NNmy9uQK10awtvpVD6Y9xkM-1dxSh5LR5x5Zs/s1600/chip+t+shirt.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 323px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZ29eJevsPIo3sqHB7d-Y3HfYP6WS9Zg7eHBhPh1Eg5yDVY393hBwfN4fu9SVNhp5nNP7qWno5hTeJN0zruBgDrcAwLD24jRxRqluE9NNmy9uQK10awtvpVD6Y9xkM-1dxSh5LR5x5Zs/s400/chip+t+shirt.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633032417937359570" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br />The above is the T shirt Ray designed, and wore at the knap in.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguYANKQlKJud9bBOc5VGKReG8YkBIlHZTtdZgES6bWFvJ8MiN07JX2_0f_H6H3J8WVPInGF-mWp5BP1Lyl-j_Xc2lEOgLjxwqn56SgsMwhQ4ZDmTmdK4SYPWbiNE8MLb1tF8_2RXd6NJ8/s1600/chip.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 323px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguYANKQlKJud9bBOc5VGKReG8YkBIlHZTtdZgES6bWFvJ8MiN07JX2_0f_H6H3J8WVPInGF-mWp5BP1Lyl-j_Xc2lEOgLjxwqn56SgsMwhQ4ZDmTmdK4SYPWbiNE8MLb1tF8_2RXd6NJ8/s400/chip.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632973315587157090" /></a>
<br /><strong>"Chip" the flintknapping bear</strong>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfjW_C7plmeGBb6E3CrdeS9QIhPN_r55c13qhAsz0TSNjYW4TfVKke3MskfiNeFRkBH3gbZnjH3Nzwlvf2xAwphvBaz9USx5aKlSF4sgFNHTaAM60JFnf3LPizsrgYtNY5l6tcDYT3MXg/s1600/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+112.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfjW_C7plmeGBb6E3CrdeS9QIhPN_r55c13qhAsz0TSNjYW4TfVKke3MskfiNeFRkBH3gbZnjH3Nzwlvf2xAwphvBaz9USx5aKlSF4sgFNHTaAM60JFnf3LPizsrgYtNY5l6tcDYT3MXg/s400/TONSK+YOSEMTE+MAY+2011+112.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5625161609056683650" /></a>
<br />
<br />
<br /> Forwarded Message ----
<br />From: "<strong>Ben_Cunningham</strong>-Summerfield@nps.gov" <Ben_Cunningham-Summerfield@nps.gov>
<br />Sent: Wed, June 29, 2011 4:39:19 PM
<br />Subject: Yosemite Valley Knap-In
<br />
<br />Good Afternoon Fellow/ess Knappers -
<br /> I am dashing this note off to get an idea of how many of you might be
<br />interested in attending a knap-in here in Yosemite National Park. In case
<br />you are wondering Dave Sunderland sent me your e-mail addresses. If you
<br />are interested please send me your mailing address and telephone number(s)
<br />and the best to reach you at. This is simply exploratory and I am looking
<br />at August 6 and 7 for the actual knap in with arrival possible on the 5th.
<br />I have some details to wrap up with camping arrangements and such, but
<br />please let me know one way or the other.
<br />
<br />Thanks
<br />Ben
<br />209-372-0303 - office
<br />209-352-4086 - cell
<br />
<br />[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
<br />
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikERG5BTRrtO_KgnD-B_0RHbkmS3WubYDgK9zL3Nn-zseYZE_gqGvCYryo7Hn7OafJF9wSAVNQYZ5eI3NwCmNc0-AIYG-STf_Y2ndARznKdFQLk804-CwOVwg4pTipw8usskfQf6_iW6U/s1600/YOSIMITE+AUG+2010+005.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikERG5BTRrtO_KgnD-B_0RHbkmS3WubYDgK9zL3Nn-zseYZE_gqGvCYryo7Hn7OafJF9wSAVNQYZ5eI3NwCmNc0-AIYG-STf_Y2ndARznKdFQLk804-CwOVwg4pTipw8usskfQf6_iW6U/s400/YOSIMITE+AUG+2010+005.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5625161263203624722" /></a>
<br />Mariposa Grove
<br />Some of the most remarkable natural resources to be found in Yosemite National Park are the giant sequoia trees. In the park these trees are found in three separate groves. The largest group of these trees is located in the Mariposa Grove.
<br />
<br />Perhaps the most remarkable sequoia in the grove, and indeed the park, is the Grizzly Giant, originally known as the "Grizzled Giant." This enormous tree is believed to be 2700 years old, the oldest known sequoia tree. Sequoias are among the oldest know organisms on earth, surpassed only by the venerable bristlecone pines.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><strong></strong>THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-7505625129149830492011-06-30T21:12:00.000-07:002011-06-30T21:14:00.722-07:00THE WESTERN LITHICS' "WORLD NOTCHING CONTEST<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoWURSjP2WvUNjfGDF267wWyJ8VkyDy0Bhd-sbcVo98-1ZxCu8gOuy2MStGgu_j24geG-Ll8PfjVG3YqMlTDVX_0ASzS3jVWvM1BVAt5qTNnWwYFUdLs3Bp9VwlG3iYHlhdcrJtEWxEgg/s1600/WORLD+RECORD+CORRECTED.GIF"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 331px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoWURSjP2WvUNjfGDF267wWyJ8VkyDy0Bhd-sbcVo98-1ZxCu8gOuy2MStGgu_j24geG-Ll8PfjVG3YqMlTDVX_0ASzS3jVWvM1BVAt5qTNnWwYFUdLs3Bp9VwlG3iYHlhdcrJtEWxEgg/s400/WORLD+RECORD+CORRECTED.GIF" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5624228114862519282" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrFXkAJPhy7Y2ZOHNomgzuGKYvr8g6CLfe-tZwYwNNFHmIhyPr9H4mcMoIIqPlb7Dkb8Da7OslfJYnw7pjG-A019_ypHKFNDcqujHZK4sY_v0bK3lL-cRcGO-rtD2ov7OoeSKXgJlTtfs/s1600/SIDE+2.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 282px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrFXkAJPhy7Y2ZOHNomgzuGKYvr8g6CLfe-tZwYwNNFHmIhyPr9H4mcMoIIqPlb7Dkb8Da7OslfJYnw7pjG-A019_ypHKFNDcqujHZK4sY_v0bK3lL-cRcGO-rtD2ov7OoeSKXgJlTtfs/s400/SIDE+2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5624179335840110914" /></a><br />SIDE 2<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Wkfl9uoRMmgUk4uZhdSslc1l0ljpStyKjHbdV0iwXYLXrX59T3_Yod1-yRMOcQA3dI5bppxGG-HUaoy25p-DJxqcj-QVerom_A5UqIQTp4H5MV3vlkjQKusugNdGbDCLbJVdD82xl4lv/s1600/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+004.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Wkfl9uoRMmgUk4uZhdSslc1l0ljpStyKjHbdV0iwXYLXrX59T3_Yod1-yRMOcQA3dI5bppxGG-HUaoy25p-DJxqcj-QVerom_A5UqIQTp4H5MV3vlkjQKusugNdGbDCLbJVdD82xl4lv/s400/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+004.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5622367105562793042" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwHLSqo5exP47ToeDiH1ico5hqcqzMf5kUFX9rjgL5pWKq9bBAEC-b-WeHAKXNOajAFSI-CE3VxSTDJ0seLyITTpPuY4HXf4iXpiRg5P4AQZJt5JJIs2hpIwhvuUJlrOwIqUigdfzBHnIS/s1600/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+003.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwHLSqo5exP47ToeDiH1ico5hqcqzMf5kUFX9rjgL5pWKq9bBAEC-b-WeHAKXNOajAFSI-CE3VxSTDJ0seLyITTpPuY4HXf4iXpiRg5P4AQZJt5JJIs2hpIwhvuUJlrOwIqUigdfzBHnIS/s400/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+003.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5622367100582914322" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nF8J72Ig4sDtHj82kb4x1mm9DDjp6Q524dAUBCXsdndGyvKmm0H2WCKaJHRwIo1_zhirQgByoLJTURfcCkt4_NRELHkAQICyjZmupcrpbeD3P9gEYb59rC6jdhnqdL7DDl29-CNzgXgZ/s1600/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+002.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nF8J72Ig4sDtHj82kb4x1mm9DDjp6Q524dAUBCXsdndGyvKmm0H2WCKaJHRwIo1_zhirQgByoLJTURfcCkt4_NRELHkAQICyjZmupcrpbeD3P9gEYb59rC6jdhnqdL7DDl29-CNzgXgZ/s400/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+002.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5622367099292180530" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKGGhXIVrDZFizs89zlySyTqKp3GDpq1E6GmdIgsOTo_C8t_DdjDmEg-CMn_ZZTV8sCo2uVhhnAVObuuQr8ZLd07dEP-aAK4d4PBdW-WK8EN-7cV9my2annCoQ1P9c-QmomkrLHgCvtHCW/s1600/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+001.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKGGhXIVrDZFizs89zlySyTqKp3GDpq1E6GmdIgsOTo_C8t_DdjDmEg-CMn_ZZTV8sCo2uVhhnAVObuuQr8ZLd07dEP-aAK4d4PBdW-WK8EN-7cV9my2annCoQ1P9c-QmomkrLHgCvtHCW/s400/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+001.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5622367094245725538" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUoD7TEJZv0WIVzdQ4ylTj2ZCsDK63XkPQWAlVBdGVUK8vQ6oAz6_wOWGUzIdufSsoQ_S6rMmB6wf04x7GZLFY8PUkCAoeF31WSojSN63LrbBtJSlSREVY9aLpxhWCkIF2g45P1wtO_dla/s1600/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+010.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUoD7TEJZv0WIVzdQ4ylTj2ZCsDK63XkPQWAlVBdGVUK8vQ6oAz6_wOWGUzIdufSsoQ_S6rMmB6wf04x7GZLFY8PUkCAoeF31WSojSN63LrbBtJSlSREVY9aLpxhWCkIF2g45P1wtO_dla/s400/NOTHCH+TROPHY+2011+010.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5622304290859600290" /></a> <br /><strong>THE 2011 TROPHY</strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTmHswIep-TlPnDBAQYWKKkul2u8tkAYCusZ9Ch7Oe0HpZQt0LovOyA-08es4M1gLDyFCqcxxV0Nt0Eu4KqCXQSjDhL15MgvNYqZpQRUQ40_wEzkyUBEIo_Map6YEkW6Mpwi1Cmj1tSZsu/s1600/61856_33681.gif"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTmHswIep-TlPnDBAQYWKKkul2u8tkAYCusZ9Ch7Oe0HpZQt0LovOyA-08es4M1gLDyFCqcxxV0Nt0Eu4KqCXQSjDhL15MgvNYqZpQRUQ40_wEzkyUBEIo_Map6YEkW6Mpwi1Cmj1tSZsu/s400/61856_33681.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5622304283155545346" /></a><br /><br /><strong>THE WESTERN LITHICS' "WORLD NOTCHING CONTEST" (YEAR # 3, JUNE 2011)</strong><br /><strong>CONTEST SPONSORED BY: WESTERN LITHICS, WORLD FLINTLNAPPING SOCIETY AND FLINTKNAPPING DIGEST</strong><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYyYKRg6YMoMqkxhaZmCQN10rK99rrLaEYtnPFRAMVNYd8FGhyejowk2Z-rZBzNt4DRF2Gd1BFqaAS_gAJyweUfYKdg48YqHqq0TGWOSLfsH4WqNaym6-wq9tioHx6YiusIYKukTpgp-it/s1600/WFS+KING+NOTCHER.GIF"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 286px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYyYKRg6YMoMqkxhaZmCQN10rK99rrLaEYtnPFRAMVNYd8FGhyejowk2Z-rZBzNt4DRF2Gd1BFqaAS_gAJyweUfYKdg48YqHqq0TGWOSLfsH4WqNaym6-wq9tioHx6YiusIYKukTpgp-it/s400/WFS+KING+NOTCHER.GIF" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5622249144747730834" /></a>THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-33819971545570368582011-06-07T21:40:00.000-07:002011-06-07T21:41:48.191-07:00Standing Bear Knap In<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMtm11jkOWhkvYwyGRJggv5UYYYtHCIhoZpZVQMSxjBTYsiuXL36bAy1iMqat1GDTfRrW6Kn6qX6ru-pAqzJVL0MeZy-41oxFjKXIqY50kU8XA9mWGo_jjh8rMKy2yOka-VIpy7SsK0kkW/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+005.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMtm11jkOWhkvYwyGRJggv5UYYYtHCIhoZpZVQMSxjBTYsiuXL36bAy1iMqat1GDTfRrW6Kn6qX6ru-pAqzJVL0MeZy-41oxFjKXIqY50kU8XA9mWGo_jjh8rMKy2yOka-VIpy7SsK0kkW/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+005.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699292185839586" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixeNRca3QTZ-J6gWFc3xIKqdix_psHVgUcPWiCsIEh7KaH8XXgHNTitBqUDUNrv5erTNZvkGzbGCRDfIM7LQh_wVwSAzoad7vWJcdlFBRjrsg8yxIIvhJAfJTI5TzNbl4vbQpLJ2R06gQe/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+010.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixeNRca3QTZ-J6gWFc3xIKqdix_psHVgUcPWiCsIEh7KaH8XXgHNTitBqUDUNrv5erTNZvkGzbGCRDfIM7LQh_wVwSAzoad7vWJcdlFBRjrsg8yxIIvhJAfJTI5TzNbl4vbQpLJ2R06gQe/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+010.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699757878640770" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-Wix4Jj-K1uT1_ZVt95IYGyZrt7QNUc6UWFLifLsAZVHgCASh-2geWn-4BkqIg1gv5um2EvfCnVlIXUO96gfFQhhq9SFnzQY1_PgMGSNKOfp1RBEnw4y3g7mMKD0wRXL8ZrGNyB8NYGk-/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+009.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-Wix4Jj-K1uT1_ZVt95IYGyZrt7QNUc6UWFLifLsAZVHgCASh-2geWn-4BkqIg1gv5um2EvfCnVlIXUO96gfFQhhq9SFnzQY1_PgMGSNKOfp1RBEnw4y3g7mMKD0wRXL8ZrGNyB8NYGk-/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+009.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699748179142194" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWQq7u8uZzHmYqlYjwPl0CzvedZh94CgUcSesr2AC0bWX_s6KQJRs_J6sZHGjsvhZwwVkWNRolJZ2IIVQaHwf6Dq0HgLZDo8ykYtvh7_-T266o5lTuKYaAOnR9pIuui-MfrIncDD8shR0c/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+008.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWQq7u8uZzHmYqlYjwPl0CzvedZh94CgUcSesr2AC0bWX_s6KQJRs_J6sZHGjsvhZwwVkWNRolJZ2IIVQaHwf6Dq0HgLZDo8ykYtvh7_-T266o5lTuKYaAOnR9pIuui-MfrIncDD8shR0c/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+008.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699740326895970" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Jn58XVEyOvmRBpqI6zNRGAdnyhaEOFCMdl8tF4uzuL3_T4QlQoCAKbMtq_KrsRMBGRys3nMQ85PgeL7yfrhhSCGIK63x21WbmTY7yZoT7_Swerc8uTEmL__uf6utuEfRBDCZ4a0zPRHx/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+007.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Jn58XVEyOvmRBpqI6zNRGAdnyhaEOFCMdl8tF4uzuL3_T4QlQoCAKbMtq_KrsRMBGRys3nMQ85PgeL7yfrhhSCGIK63x21WbmTY7yZoT7_Swerc8uTEmL__uf6utuEfRBDCZ4a0zPRHx/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+007.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699736785962354" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv8ZgyhPsU4fVgSOK1H5NxW1ppDqtf6afCHbnOTygCk44FvockWbHgUVBxFfHVsL5DlK4omsIoiCmxug0-eATz0K_aM8Xx8rhkrH5vIii0LiPK7Bzv0MyQDjghDzQXWMjagqBZyDDwKixa/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+006.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv8ZgyhPsU4fVgSOK1H5NxW1ppDqtf6afCHbnOTygCk44FvockWbHgUVBxFfHVsL5DlK4omsIoiCmxug0-eATz0K_aM8Xx8rhkrH5vIii0LiPK7Bzv0MyQDjghDzQXWMjagqBZyDDwKixa/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+006.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699734640038786" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_gOm5IpDLv6LR70REX8SBLha3IZ7bgBLexpqg_FLdftNtcDt7EygORQerewgZZXV3UmcbU5vVqdsTZCBfP3DBqKLnz482hUjnpslr0fkoCkcCkv46KPRbYNQCZZXRbz2x6qWFnYgFBn8v/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+004.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_gOm5IpDLv6LR70REX8SBLha3IZ7bgBLexpqg_FLdftNtcDt7EygORQerewgZZXV3UmcbU5vVqdsTZCBfP3DBqKLnz482hUjnpslr0fkoCkcCkv46KPRbYNQCZZXRbz2x6qWFnYgFBn8v/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+004.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699287844175554" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglhSjbPcR9qy5PfQgvlZ26u-KJFoxd16-ryh3MZ4jMvatWuSmhQ-HLyW1el9B2u7W_gvOsYmjbmDgbPRg3tlmKbFcRJhzGdzwhgL1C9WrfTZ7GwNTMY5rZC4o8-uU46YPy4LdKdZ56VKg-/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+003.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglhSjbPcR9qy5PfQgvlZ26u-KJFoxd16-ryh3MZ4jMvatWuSmhQ-HLyW1el9B2u7W_gvOsYmjbmDgbPRg3tlmKbFcRJhzGdzwhgL1C9WrfTZ7GwNTMY5rZC4o8-uU46YPy4LdKdZ56VKg-/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+003.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699276023988178" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiECbDYL-mo0LTU2pSatmq7nAnktceNNfNTjPTqBHDm1ahk_ANVdYqwtDJitYUNQfsXr9NqLcs65ZjTNnXZOip_g1b406WPw6xCFOCKdjXaphiXzt0ISWI5WZj_-Y8u1i4XaDTh3nwTc9k-/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+002.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiECbDYL-mo0LTU2pSatmq7nAnktceNNfNTjPTqBHDm1ahk_ANVdYqwtDJitYUNQfsXr9NqLcs65ZjTNnXZOip_g1b406WPw6xCFOCKdjXaphiXzt0ISWI5WZj_-Y8u1i4XaDTh3nwTc9k-/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+002.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699273998460018" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6Yoqm7PSPoiUumWpKk_jT7xAYq1U8_8f9yLKXaLj536VJPiObcpepi7dHDcxHGhH0Vjxo8vXNltBZSAzJJUNYx0M4Bxfww-oWBLWore9hu1jAy1_5OMvn3OtBttYVf5kZPf7EAMnYTucG/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+001.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6Yoqm7PSPoiUumWpKk_jT7xAYq1U8_8f9yLKXaLj536VJPiObcpepi7dHDcxHGhH0Vjxo8vXNltBZSAzJJUNYx0M4Bxfww-oWBLWore9hu1jAy1_5OMvn3OtBttYVf5kZPf7EAMnYTucG/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+001.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615699271892043298" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiunUuOHD-nNhMgRRN5GnUxpxI0L9TyjkbELQbSQWqOrj9C2GBJemeLqpRq1aqjS78Hz8K9Ha-GInXyYhpT4XeMjE72vDmWgzCT-2NAbGUn7CMx3r282qwOGJAIm6rS0sOA9w0QSVs1VDkr/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+015.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiunUuOHD-nNhMgRRN5GnUxpxI0L9TyjkbELQbSQWqOrj9C2GBJemeLqpRq1aqjS78Hz8K9Ha-GInXyYhpT4XeMjE72vDmWgzCT-2NAbGUn7CMx3r282qwOGJAIm6rS0sOA9w0QSVs1VDkr/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+015.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615700498498570002" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSv3YQsjUnCzaE2M2DBIX22CfIHX7azuw1n4drezdwmsK9B-L5AVDh_lx3C7SuXJuAqnSoE-dPe_LyiA7Z67DBCgdnFaUP4grKxyFBe27mQrebju9aOIXyLsapaqifKWR9smbb9UGvXzTt/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+014.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSv3YQsjUnCzaE2M2DBIX22CfIHX7azuw1n4drezdwmsK9B-L5AVDh_lx3C7SuXJuAqnSoE-dPe_LyiA7Z67DBCgdnFaUP4grKxyFBe27mQrebju9aOIXyLsapaqifKWR9smbb9UGvXzTt/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+014.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615700495727372402" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTMEIMbsgxNO9yZYrfnfcUU3uO0IRoM5HkgLKteeb6KxrydMqDb689NOo27a-HqGJxE9o6Wq1MlPfi70aWlQmS1rQRD2mklijqArsobp8ul8XoUyu-K_Wmd7rLva03UrGPG8pVXqgEVm0v/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+013.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTMEIMbsgxNO9yZYrfnfcUU3uO0IRoM5HkgLKteeb6KxrydMqDb689NOo27a-HqGJxE9o6Wq1MlPfi70aWlQmS1rQRD2mklijqArsobp8ul8XoUyu-K_Wmd7rLva03UrGPG8pVXqgEVm0v/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+013.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615700488821631458" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFgKJycm_HxcVS1HbcMeO2wzsZ90sXdXodzkecvbnT5J0YbZAXisU28Mz73H-y8xLXb2Crsbk5xfxIFHjhA3ayeHNjmyEfhjpLrF0HdMFXuPCFdu6DB_d04lgl75BUAnpqVW53on-4S9QZ/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+012.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFgKJycm_HxcVS1HbcMeO2wzsZ90sXdXodzkecvbnT5J0YbZAXisU28Mz73H-y8xLXb2Crsbk5xfxIFHjhA3ayeHNjmyEfhjpLrF0HdMFXuPCFdu6DB_d04lgl75BUAnpqVW53on-4S9QZ/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+012.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615700485842709634" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFL4O9nRaRMb6YCyFhzmZ52Q_O2tI6wA1kaYK80LKT5FSLWnWT-Y6l5JoPDOsTL6awCY_lONFRX_vxGx6lqJJf2akAXTMaJFjAloVK0RdQLf13qquP-z4PuLzXmkjE_2_3qIewo8sh8k3X/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+011.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFL4O9nRaRMb6YCyFhzmZ52Q_O2tI6wA1kaYK80LKT5FSLWnWT-Y6l5JoPDOsTL6awCY_lONFRX_vxGx6lqJJf2akAXTMaJFjAloVK0RdQLf13qquP-z4PuLzXmkjE_2_3qIewo8sh8k3X/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+011.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615700481598540658" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjENRQ6v_viaMkT-gZq81i6oFtJiM8_V3CmmG3ps1DKyrGpvNPb7KU9mzivdxA4xS96FNCiP5SVficsLidGXA5HLC0FUsq6FK0ABsc2l4BbcJho8E3KUD-p90jZfaeVVTW0ro6liCCNAGW3/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+017.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjENRQ6v_viaMkT-gZq81i6oFtJiM8_V3CmmG3ps1DKyrGpvNPb7KU9mzivdxA4xS96FNCiP5SVficsLidGXA5HLC0FUsq6FK0ABsc2l4BbcJho8E3KUD-p90jZfaeVVTW0ro6liCCNAGW3/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+017.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615702087181899570" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHpc6lYdZ1Ee0ELu83cdrZXPfXOMfzU8nTzDq1JyhP51nV2GVOrsmhtFLG7f3nkpBKAUOPsFzQLLxsgdjBuLFPBeAXBaw8ALKplf7l-M43Gl964ZHT7FtkJXhq16T8yg4pi3J7qgC8tfkv/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+016.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHpc6lYdZ1Ee0ELu83cdrZXPfXOMfzU8nTzDq1JyhP51nV2GVOrsmhtFLG7f3nkpBKAUOPsFzQLLxsgdjBuLFPBeAXBaw8ALKplf7l-M43Gl964ZHT7FtkJXhq16T8yg4pi3J7qgC8tfkv/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+016.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615702080808433906" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlStUe6dFvvbzEaN2NHFc_hbfNgQvfIxZmZkOiPOzaj9n20wZaJvNw_zNFxXm4F75hyphenhyphenCFW1q468ISWcP1ue0BRvGCIOaIlt0daZTWQRRfi8sN6S-aF-Q5WaaqYNkMStA9aXiiM25pvjlR6/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+022.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlStUe6dFvvbzEaN2NHFc_hbfNgQvfIxZmZkOiPOzaj9n20wZaJvNw_zNFxXm4F75hyphenhyphenCFW1q468ISWcP1ue0BRvGCIOaIlt0daZTWQRRfi8sN6S-aF-Q5WaaqYNkMStA9aXiiM25pvjlR6/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+022.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615702599621611746" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP9uonrqEUacTfeAL-Wmlh7iqbrQLNiMNt50VECIlaC-xK5hhS3umsaMyLLrLoMClnJKe_23rCKKn2ViJqJVX9ALrEJQfDKmAHqT35w1cazSuGamxRzwSU0n4kQCRGco5XFj2OHClkMzzs/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+021.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP9uonrqEUacTfeAL-Wmlh7iqbrQLNiMNt50VECIlaC-xK5hhS3umsaMyLLrLoMClnJKe_23rCKKn2ViJqJVX9ALrEJQfDKmAHqT35w1cazSuGamxRzwSU0n4kQCRGco5XFj2OHClkMzzs/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+021.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615702599976316962" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzLWnBIcaUjl_N5zxIbLC1mwvyThhjlwmvb0VkX55tUEc3_LJhzYhgd-XMyfggAVnHERtFoDH8uf2fl-uIwUXhNqNqsiFgN0A72Z3i3Vt6QFXUhiLIa_EWvugvnlvCZi1LThTrnViwPwkR/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+020.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzLWnBIcaUjl_N5zxIbLC1mwvyThhjlwmvb0VkX55tUEc3_LJhzYhgd-XMyfggAVnHERtFoDH8uf2fl-uIwUXhNqNqsiFgN0A72Z3i3Vt6QFXUhiLIa_EWvugvnlvCZi1LThTrnViwPwkR/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+020.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615702594497222034" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgaPimmAvyeggz9AwSuJwDJu8BkbgfGPAfVA_4nzM2QKutGD9dR1pPKMGLjhXGu22ShI1ft7frUEckDmZwSzZZcZOfnI6LBtnRWH-AVG4ZPjjUKE34JxuKtDmfytJRgB443LXL_ZJS6OAy/s1600/STANDING+BEAR+11+019.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgaPimmAvyeggz9AwSuJwDJu8BkbgfGPAfVA_4nzM2QKutGD9dR1pPKMGLjhXGu22ShI1ft7frUEckDmZwSzZZcZOfnI6LBtnRWH-AVG4ZPjjUKE34JxuKtDmfytJRgB443LXL_ZJS6OAy/s400/STANDING+BEAR+11+019.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615702591433091490" /></a>THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-38098628234983830882011-05-22T07:07:00.000-07:002011-05-22T07:08:59.435-07:00Emerald Cove Park Knap-In<strong>Emerald Cove Park Knap-In</strong><br />May 21 2011<strong>Emerald Cove Park Knap-In</strong><br />May 21 2011<br />Park Address<br />4303 Patton Way<br />Size of Park<br />12.4 Acres<br />Park Hours<br />6:30 a.m. to 10:30 p.m.<br />Park Directions<br />Emerald Cove Park is on the southwest corner of Patton Way and Hageman Road. The park site is adjacent to Discovery Elementary School.<br /><br />This was Mr. Rover's first knapin. He had a blast! <br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2RgzCecW0VHBH3HxlYXtcld-2VtuhRiiiv7tGNi-x0yAeeFLR9LEcv-D96i9e8knxKplgLJSDBhnArjDHC6HnjVC6Rt0Y4iBmyGqnOdRhOhGT6fxXH2kP831UYkiHF7xo0GeeWWcb6qI/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+010.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2RgzCecW0VHBH3HxlYXtcld-2VtuhRiiiv7tGNi-x0yAeeFLR9LEcv-D96i9e8knxKplgLJSDBhnArjDHC6HnjVC6Rt0Y4iBmyGqnOdRhOhGT6fxXH2kP831UYkiHF7xo0GeeWWcb6qI/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+010.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339886987539586" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfslSz_oQpZCKJnmaCaaZQZUT62Htaq7D2ehGSq_jCZfeb_bU9SwXeLg3lxc25xokTnnVqEHqai4vnIeeF6q8R0X5G_T0b9pL1SCY39lj_l1djzb3ilmsXpIbKZyuD5qHE23I2tEqWZg4/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+009.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfslSz_oQpZCKJnmaCaaZQZUT62Htaq7D2ehGSq_jCZfeb_bU9SwXeLg3lxc25xokTnnVqEHqai4vnIeeF6q8R0X5G_T0b9pL1SCY39lj_l1djzb3ilmsXpIbKZyuD5qHE23I2tEqWZg4/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+009.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339881037402706" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG8xZgQWt-ydOZeQtK-NX9Nh6ukfI1a_3L4V72baNdmg9jgJIQR0oVslTcozCVpNav34e3C9cmG8-38bQeHMHsR-662N2tcwGjQtjk2_NxDikLhGK5WLmiqUVEuYU3sLKVKJO04dy_Yr0/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+008.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG8xZgQWt-ydOZeQtK-NX9Nh6ukfI1a_3L4V72baNdmg9jgJIQR0oVslTcozCVpNav34e3C9cmG8-38bQeHMHsR-662N2tcwGjQtjk2_NxDikLhGK5WLmiqUVEuYU3sLKVKJO04dy_Yr0/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+008.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339875664608802" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9tZi8zN5-iFRxevlDrAIrBQh98KQ_O8lFHHmRZnd3TOgHSi3oMt-fiPYoneu7_ztXgvUDxnZgWCkh8SOGNo8kRWf-kCmAZRD7S42F3BykLAbGs_enc1uvLjKdYbyFDFw063eeNPKDvcQ/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+007.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9tZi8zN5-iFRxevlDrAIrBQh98KQ_O8lFHHmRZnd3TOgHSi3oMt-fiPYoneu7_ztXgvUDxnZgWCkh8SOGNo8kRWf-kCmAZRD7S42F3BykLAbGs_enc1uvLjKdYbyFDFw063eeNPKDvcQ/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+007.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339852151421298" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRBk3Le4h6g_KddFgdzUkL3hMbc2afNpxCgKK_J-7VOWOG-yNA9u2UANqy52MH_rLOwkhO4S8TuN73zE9y4BBo2k_oGgmdZJzHvV7ivSxOqUegBKE3WUw1OLfFOaRSbzrO8tMi_04zN5I/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+006.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRBk3Le4h6g_KddFgdzUkL3hMbc2afNpxCgKK_J-7VOWOG-yNA9u2UANqy52MH_rLOwkhO4S8TuN73zE9y4BBo2k_oGgmdZJzHvV7ivSxOqUegBKE3WUw1OLfFOaRSbzrO8tMi_04zN5I/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+006.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339848713670530" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTeVkK0-35p5X4mH2Ygyf0yZxbW0veh67zIFXtBlXWPQbVNN85x2COYrdjiUn27uURLVeni_Y8wvNxFo3iKEHn4H3WiD3HzHwvBAnXYDBK_Z72VGL96tCzXm7OCSbi9AptDlRWMODhi04/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+005.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTeVkK0-35p5X4mH2Ygyf0yZxbW0veh67zIFXtBlXWPQbVNN85x2COYrdjiUn27uURLVeni_Y8wvNxFo3iKEHn4H3WiD3HzHwvBAnXYDBK_Z72VGL96tCzXm7OCSbi9AptDlRWMODhi04/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+005.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339502527614450" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKMGhp_1CeajJOFbRC6sYFNoCpTcXhkaP_hpW9LPqnn3QgZtUytOBXGFUhyphenhyphen7uiyhu_PMoCweo9t-eqP0uK6Gxnghyphenhyphenlqr-8w4oB1_dDzSUMiyO9sV7GDQm9ROgCKMb1lyGqqE5EuHK10F8/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+004.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKMGhp_1CeajJOFbRC6sYFNoCpTcXhkaP_hpW9LPqnn3QgZtUytOBXGFUhyphenhyphen7uiyhu_PMoCweo9t-eqP0uK6Gxnghyphenhyphenlqr-8w4oB1_dDzSUMiyO9sV7GDQm9ROgCKMb1lyGqqE5EuHK10F8/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+004.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339484653827058" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCA5TW1vzFGiJ7L0TBKJuwFMM8v4Y_CeWTCFjZXZrLapVY7d4yujxHPPk2bEZ0u-3mf4JfNt56OR6sNJT0QyaRO5xDEpCswwRWjE86xbEp3wF7c46o9QjFI9F7qGK0cwo9ruKPpZ451v0/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+003.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCA5TW1vzFGiJ7L0TBKJuwFMM8v4Y_CeWTCFjZXZrLapVY7d4yujxHPPk2bEZ0u-3mf4JfNt56OR6sNJT0QyaRO5xDEpCswwRWjE86xbEp3wF7c46o9QjFI9F7qGK0cwo9ruKPpZ451v0/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+003.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339476411882786" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV-tfbLw7WLSgDbn_UVEi6Af0Htq8SRTmALpi-PVz_hyRppSiIxrY3qpUtcp3NbNZvmhbijbaQ3-_Z0UTTetYuugp7QFbpUR4I5oqX5qe3tn4YazI4xw3UJ77ATTGNbJH1366_vYUylB8/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+002.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV-tfbLw7WLSgDbn_UVEi6Af0Htq8SRTmALpi-PVz_hyRppSiIxrY3qpUtcp3NbNZvmhbijbaQ3-_Z0UTTetYuugp7QFbpUR4I5oqX5qe3tn4YazI4xw3UJ77ATTGNbJH1366_vYUylB8/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+002.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339463651981522" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKVDa6hbLljPVMsHZWn-9UhnHy2JR7rLQ-Ti0KLgsdzv3Eiv-IyLSIM5vDBBjZCJFjzwzVyO5eWJ3DAZvkWfeazGkQdBS06alN7WU_tAlhSEgSPT59BY4sNM52vp7G4O6yIeikFtXcNyg/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+001.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKVDa6hbLljPVMsHZWn-9UhnHy2JR7rLQ-Ti0KLgsdzv3Eiv-IyLSIM5vDBBjZCJFjzwzVyO5eWJ3DAZvkWfeazGkQdBS06alN7WU_tAlhSEgSPT59BY4sNM52vp7G4O6yIeikFtXcNyg/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+001.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339459674467650" /></a><br />Park Address<br />4303 Patton Way<br />Size of Park<br />12.4 Acres<br />Park Hours<br />6:30 a.m. to 10:30 p.m.<br />Park Directions<br />Emerald Cove Park is on the southwest corner of Patton Way and Hageman Road. The park site is adjacent to Discovery Elementary School.<br /><br />This was Mr. Rover's first knapin. He had a blast! <br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2RgzCecW0VHBH3HxlYXtcld-2VtuhRiiiv7tGNi-x0yAeeFLR9LEcv-D96i9e8knxKplgLJSDBhnArjDHC6HnjVC6Rt0Y4iBmyGqnOdRhOhGT6fxXH2kP831UYkiHF7xo0GeeWWcb6qI/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+010.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2RgzCecW0VHBH3HxlYXtcld-2VtuhRiiiv7tGNi-x0yAeeFLR9LEcv-D96i9e8knxKplgLJSDBhnArjDHC6HnjVC6Rt0Y4iBmyGqnOdRhOhGT6fxXH2kP831UYkiHF7xo0GeeWWcb6qI/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+010.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339886987539586" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfslSz_oQpZCKJnmaCaaZQZUT62Htaq7D2ehGSq_jCZfeb_bU9SwXeLg3lxc25xokTnnVqEHqai4vnIeeF6q8R0X5G_T0b9pL1SCY39lj_l1djzb3ilmsXpIbKZyuD5qHE23I2tEqWZg4/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+009.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfslSz_oQpZCKJnmaCaaZQZUT62Htaq7D2ehGSq_jCZfeb_bU9SwXeLg3lxc25xokTnnVqEHqai4vnIeeF6q8R0X5G_T0b9pL1SCY39lj_l1djzb3ilmsXpIbKZyuD5qHE23I2tEqWZg4/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+009.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339881037402706" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG8xZgQWt-ydOZeQtK-NX9Nh6ukfI1a_3L4V72baNdmg9jgJIQR0oVslTcozCVpNav34e3C9cmG8-38bQeHMHsR-662N2tcwGjQtjk2_NxDikLhGK5WLmiqUVEuYU3sLKVKJO04dy_Yr0/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+008.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG8xZgQWt-ydOZeQtK-NX9Nh6ukfI1a_3L4V72baNdmg9jgJIQR0oVslTcozCVpNav34e3C9cmG8-38bQeHMHsR-662N2tcwGjQtjk2_NxDikLhGK5WLmiqUVEuYU3sLKVKJO04dy_Yr0/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+008.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339875664608802" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9tZi8zN5-iFRxevlDrAIrBQh98KQ_O8lFHHmRZnd3TOgHSi3oMt-fiPYoneu7_ztXgvUDxnZgWCkh8SOGNo8kRWf-kCmAZRD7S42F3BykLAbGs_enc1uvLjKdYbyFDFw063eeNPKDvcQ/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+007.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9tZi8zN5-iFRxevlDrAIrBQh98KQ_O8lFHHmRZnd3TOgHSi3oMt-fiPYoneu7_ztXgvUDxnZgWCkh8SOGNo8kRWf-kCmAZRD7S42F3BykLAbGs_enc1uvLjKdYbyFDFw063eeNPKDvcQ/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+007.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339852151421298" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRBk3Le4h6g_KddFgdzUkL3hMbc2afNpxCgKK_J-7VOWOG-yNA9u2UANqy52MH_rLOwkhO4S8TuN73zE9y4BBo2k_oGgmdZJzHvV7ivSxOqUegBKE3WUw1OLfFOaRSbzrO8tMi_04zN5I/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+006.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRBk3Le4h6g_KddFgdzUkL3hMbc2afNpxCgKK_J-7VOWOG-yNA9u2UANqy52MH_rLOwkhO4S8TuN73zE9y4BBo2k_oGgmdZJzHvV7ivSxOqUegBKE3WUw1OLfFOaRSbzrO8tMi_04zN5I/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+006.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339848713670530" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTeVkK0-35p5X4mH2Ygyf0yZxbW0veh67zIFXtBlXWPQbVNN85x2COYrdjiUn27uURLVeni_Y8wvNxFo3iKEHn4H3WiD3HzHwvBAnXYDBK_Z72VGL96tCzXm7OCSbi9AptDlRWMODhi04/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+005.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTeVkK0-35p5X4mH2Ygyf0yZxbW0veh67zIFXtBlXWPQbVNN85x2COYrdjiUn27uURLVeni_Y8wvNxFo3iKEHn4H3WiD3HzHwvBAnXYDBK_Z72VGL96tCzXm7OCSbi9AptDlRWMODhi04/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+005.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339502527614450" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKMGhp_1CeajJOFbRC6sYFNoCpTcXhkaP_hpW9LPqnn3QgZtUytOBXGFUhyphenhyphen7uiyhu_PMoCweo9t-eqP0uK6Gxnghyphenhyphenlqr-8w4oB1_dDzSUMiyO9sV7GDQm9ROgCKMb1lyGqqE5EuHK10F8/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+004.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKMGhp_1CeajJOFbRC6sYFNoCpTcXhkaP_hpW9LPqnn3QgZtUytOBXGFUhyphenhyphen7uiyhu_PMoCweo9t-eqP0uK6Gxnghyphenhyphenlqr-8w4oB1_dDzSUMiyO9sV7GDQm9ROgCKMb1lyGqqE5EuHK10F8/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+004.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339484653827058" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCA5TW1vzFGiJ7L0TBKJuwFMM8v4Y_CeWTCFjZXZrLapVY7d4yujxHPPk2bEZ0u-3mf4JfNt56OR6sNJT0QyaRO5xDEpCswwRWjE86xbEp3wF7c46o9QjFI9F7qGK0cwo9ruKPpZ451v0/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+003.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCA5TW1vzFGiJ7L0TBKJuwFMM8v4Y_CeWTCFjZXZrLapVY7d4yujxHPPk2bEZ0u-3mf4JfNt56OR6sNJT0QyaRO5xDEpCswwRWjE86xbEp3wF7c46o9QjFI9F7qGK0cwo9ruKPpZ451v0/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+003.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339476411882786" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV-tfbLw7WLSgDbn_UVEi6Af0Htq8SRTmALpi-PVz_hyRppSiIxrY3qpUtcp3NbNZvmhbijbaQ3-_Z0UTTetYuugp7QFbpUR4I5oqX5qe3tn4YazI4xw3UJ77ATTGNbJH1366_vYUylB8/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+002.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV-tfbLw7WLSgDbn_UVEi6Af0Htq8SRTmALpi-PVz_hyRppSiIxrY3qpUtcp3NbNZvmhbijbaQ3-_Z0UTTetYuugp7QFbpUR4I5oqX5qe3tn4YazI4xw3UJ77ATTGNbJH1366_vYUylB8/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+002.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339463651981522" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKVDa6hbLljPVMsHZWn-9UhnHy2JR7rLQ-Ti0KLgsdzv3Eiv-IyLSIM5vDBBjZCJFjzwzVyO5eWJ3DAZvkWfeazGkQdBS06alN7WU_tAlhSEgSPT59BY4sNM52vp7G4O6yIeikFtXcNyg/s1600/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+001.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKVDa6hbLljPVMsHZWn-9UhnHy2JR7rLQ-Ti0KLgsdzv3Eiv-IyLSIM5vDBBjZCJFjzwzVyO5eWJ3DAZvkWfeazGkQdBS06alN7WU_tAlhSEgSPT59BY4sNM52vp7G4O6yIeikFtXcNyg/s400/EMERALD+COVE+PARK+KNAP-IN+001.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5609339459674467650" /></a>THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-20537527153031416452011-05-08T17:07:00.000-07:002011-05-10T19:58:58.841-07:00FINEGOLD KNAP IN 2011<strong>THE REPLICAS</strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCZrGB0mw4wsCJ81-ntH6T7HLKsY-MkAQ_wEG2NgOrUyCagXuy7Cw_AmnMyfKVc5y4Sr0roCfXm5zqFAY2mhAm8tZI54RZCUXiKtH5JQAMc0eX9Z0_ktofmKSUG7zO1qseRB13S0Fry6M_/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+222.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCZrGB0mw4wsCJ81-ntH6T7HLKsY-MkAQ_wEG2NgOrUyCagXuy7Cw_AmnMyfKVc5y4Sr0roCfXm5zqFAY2mhAm8tZI54RZCUXiKtH5JQAMc0eX9Z0_ktofmKSUG7zO1qseRB13S0Fry6M_/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+222.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604491909013965154" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtp3fuDHcxX_yT5KdBnFOvRcqojOX6Ir7yj5htRlMR4SJ1u4MSpd_PEJUFF0i6_6plQTZX37-rbSmDn9ms70n2MjqL00vqpGhHh4E27opXhnnnhBUrD0aY8wTQ3nS2QHpVvDUSC4yMT7WD/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+111.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtp3fuDHcxX_yT5KdBnFOvRcqojOX6Ir7yj5htRlMR4SJ1u4MSpd_PEJUFF0i6_6plQTZX37-rbSmDn9ms70n2MjqL00vqpGhHh4E27opXhnnnhBUrD0aY8wTQ3nS2QHpVvDUSC4yMT7WD/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+111.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604491905884350578" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjueynYF-nCZFNaFAUd9I8ru3U3Z6dfJO_1GH_bxvw1pA2aJ3l_ORyRL3JcvP8BdHtLTlcfAUuqazV60D80od6vl39rY0yOF_t9Wg3ZyznDtG_TmKNQJMk9bBsJQyBcL7Nr18WfGMfGDVFw/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+061.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjueynYF-nCZFNaFAUd9I8ru3U3Z6dfJO_1GH_bxvw1pA2aJ3l_ORyRL3JcvP8BdHtLTlcfAUuqazV60D80od6vl39rY0yOF_t9Wg3ZyznDtG_TmKNQJMk9bBsJQyBcL7Nr18WfGMfGDVFw/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+061.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604491901197306738" /></a><br /><br /><strong>For more information go to www.lettherockroll.com.</strong><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7_ZmDYOMLMqpOudmEGdgDSrMWdm7dCO48T-GAQdLUHtj8Yf_ErOTEZMULUPC5p8aYhKbwSnua02L2aG1FylqsQG0pdCzmnnRhTRqczkqC2kh4vu3xCNhCZ3490l8Pamifmsqdt3HPN48r/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+075.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7_ZmDYOMLMqpOudmEGdgDSrMWdm7dCO48T-GAQdLUHtj8Yf_ErOTEZMULUPC5p8aYhKbwSnua02L2aG1FylqsQG0pdCzmnnRhTRqczkqC2kh4vu3xCNhCZ3490l8Pamifmsqdt3HPN48r/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+075.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604491036672421234" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDgnc8dWviozXcsbSBRlalwBDyDjQjBt8nShkFNw_Trnt2t8bj3lXYk2w0Dv9hMet8as79ONoDyczsH_fKEnRQNyoqfoi7SbwwGYK0BpfM2JBeCXlwaDdsR1wypJ7Z5Ggy8qlilCFkIa8w/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+080.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDgnc8dWviozXcsbSBRlalwBDyDjQjBt8nShkFNw_Trnt2t8bj3lXYk2w0Dv9hMet8as79ONoDyczsH_fKEnRQNyoqfoi7SbwwGYK0BpfM2JBeCXlwaDdsR1wypJ7Z5Ggy8qlilCFkIa8w/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+080.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604491033389383682" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMkF3Oou5b_RbgVMOD_lVWLtJhSX-DGPe6T1RCHs6x6jiXFf0o3aXi17L4sHPwiJAayfXgNVbzDurIUXsiwDrzlA8TzuTWHCz-0x0rY1orI0XHU1qCnFAVvD3mK1OenOlB4Jf2kJVnLkrF/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+079.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMkF3Oou5b_RbgVMOD_lVWLtJhSX-DGPe6T1RCHs6x6jiXFf0o3aXi17L4sHPwiJAayfXgNVbzDurIUXsiwDrzlA8TzuTWHCz-0x0rY1orI0XHU1qCnFAVvD3mK1OenOlB4Jf2kJVnLkrF/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+079.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604491033314057682" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><strong>THE FLINTKNAPPING</strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo_F-lI5oXL39x31GVpr6vx2gUd0wWgk2pgZlxfwYGMwsNsV56-i0IQc8N2HdVi4CfsJ_bj6cAPFQtIXjpmmGmiYNkPRNa0zSHQbVVVZ5wRq8abtETjnKf-S9dgY5_n-gKkATU7csKVW_3/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+107.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo_F-lI5oXL39x31GVpr6vx2gUd0wWgk2pgZlxfwYGMwsNsV56-i0IQc8N2HdVi4CfsJ_bj6cAPFQtIXjpmmGmiYNkPRNa0zSHQbVVVZ5wRq8abtETjnKf-S9dgY5_n-gKkATU7csKVW_3/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+107.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604489156205184994" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjamuyO_J1WKbV867Ts2u64ly6p9PTcclptyLYYmckVGZ9_Na_6U3Gxn4BgL827yVd3z3ibenLtmVSUz0p_vNobRHURt6mL8MCD0S9_ayxZFq8Htekxcbt1V6fKc4nNLyZobMCfwTsIp0f3/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+078.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjamuyO_J1WKbV867Ts2u64ly6p9PTcclptyLYYmckVGZ9_Na_6U3Gxn4BgL827yVd3z3ibenLtmVSUz0p_vNobRHURt6mL8MCD0S9_ayxZFq8Htekxcbt1V6fKc4nNLyZobMCfwTsIp0f3/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+078.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604489151743812290" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkexi6jK3NUvL0wxVtY5PmcxC4QREexwyd12vQYgaUJefb5c2FMFT-nztRFFygoAibw_QxLuBTqLmIINlCeozzZjom9-lajkjpI5ykCC_evGbuLB64T-uTASOPlXZD0Td_LWZsBqfwbxgw/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+077.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkexi6jK3NUvL0wxVtY5PmcxC4QREexwyd12vQYgaUJefb5c2FMFT-nztRFFygoAibw_QxLuBTqLmIINlCeozzZjom9-lajkjpI5ykCC_evGbuLB64T-uTASOPlXZD0Td_LWZsBqfwbxgw/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+077.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604489146181360962" /></a><br /><br /><br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ex_f9lBQ2aGjq-LIxLeSzBPvKxWnl2cmxMGs3Kz9refXrNZDKvYhGHYPDdMrEXSL3OfDhVk8le77bm6Y7xR9wZ3xhw0eb7sjpd21ob3VtC83TNOjXB0Va2feSoCI9wjMi_BOC87bvJl6/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+073.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ex_f9lBQ2aGjq-LIxLeSzBPvKxWnl2cmxMGs3Kz9refXrNZDKvYhGHYPDdMrEXSL3OfDhVk8le77bm6Y7xR9wZ3xhw0eb7sjpd21ob3VtC83TNOjXB0Va2feSoCI9wjMi_BOC87bvJl6/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+073.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604488445858759186" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIFkyOBHN6wpcL6n3QLMgQep6H16EMzyEVOLoW1uRkJjq2vyMe_vHzM7mIiM1LyaMEmU0LV21c_0R2_XJ6bs7mixAj4fDD2VShBpzm87C1PpPDx-JfLloaeH9jhaqi-GCyobs6LQ0fFxtS/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+062.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIFkyOBHN6wpcL6n3QLMgQep6H16EMzyEVOLoW1uRkJjq2vyMe_vHzM7mIiM1LyaMEmU0LV21c_0R2_XJ6bs7mixAj4fDD2VShBpzm87C1PpPDx-JfLloaeH9jhaqi-GCyobs6LQ0fFxtS/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+062.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604488445673330610" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrPUj9Nv4lnOLuob6qFMYzxRKACYZpQQv5HGekGBXVabkcQn8nsLvdLnsi3_chMnqlEBssnwOWbBjvwogPv2KTs2xzujKTsmpzQqediUzHi2lx6rAYiqyQ1DPFwl9Z1A0MyQu7TBy10NFm/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+064.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrPUj9Nv4lnOLuob6qFMYzxRKACYZpQQv5HGekGBXVabkcQn8nsLvdLnsi3_chMnqlEBssnwOWbBjvwogPv2KTs2xzujKTsmpzQqediUzHi2lx6rAYiqyQ1DPFwl9Z1A0MyQu7TBy10NFm/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+064.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604488442462215762" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMFOw6ohRe02dqL1LfRIIG1E8icS73ZH13ZUQ5Me0V2RxpB0xl8QeGBryUyQvRFwRwM0vIkJ7WWaYL9sZntSXKlkE7HnUVamHBalFBbpDlEN0Ncct-Fr0ptqSdQFLaZst7m9iC0wpuXwad/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+059.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMFOw6ohRe02dqL1LfRIIG1E8icS73ZH13ZUQ5Me0V2RxpB0xl8QeGBryUyQvRFwRwM0vIkJ7WWaYL9sZntSXKlkE7HnUVamHBalFBbpDlEN0Ncct-Fr0ptqSdQFLaZst7m9iC0wpuXwad/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+059.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604488436433804242" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9SQ_XWhTBZZtACXJAAsuj361IxP3eR18gQMyvzt_ffVQ872oC7_h73Ab93JuDgFSz4nHzXMalNv_ppuAYsx2sf5Li4i5cJlEKXSp4Tsr6MoQ5KBmYMH713AoZBtgzz5DiEZqg7hKi1SqI/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+058.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9SQ_XWhTBZZtACXJAAsuj361IxP3eR18gQMyvzt_ffVQ872oC7_h73Ab93JuDgFSz4nHzXMalNv_ppuAYsx2sf5Li4i5cJlEKXSp4Tsr6MoQ5KBmYMH713AoZBtgzz5DiEZqg7hKi1SqI/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+058.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604488435321728594" /></a><br /><strong>ON THE WATER</strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioDFrFThPoBer9QWasgO-Lj5-eXCtCl9Le2w82mAygwD2PpzjiDdpCwjSUSefG5cbpSh3sbKSNKuzAAC9Ky3JeG15X292Cgev3tzIpxK3D1LQxVE8QOD5q0rJTvbabF0gT8OJujK1SVkXJ/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+102.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioDFrFThPoBer9QWasgO-Lj5-eXCtCl9Le2w82mAygwD2PpzjiDdpCwjSUSefG5cbpSh3sbKSNKuzAAC9Ky3JeG15X292Cgev3tzIpxK3D1LQxVE8QOD5q0rJTvbabF0gT8OJujK1SVkXJ/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+102.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604486559640252786" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG7x_kTRfEX_fReQFDXL8_q_J4g1xYBlxFn733IPTHPJsr2lKjMSZav_C3pKnEBoKRKeJs51Nwjp8TWVKZuRw030zmNhQaNY0hKJ9lwGthxsBdWXSEsWs7REgEj470nI3_G-iC4NFNP3Jp/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+040.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG7x_kTRfEX_fReQFDXL8_q_J4g1xYBlxFn733IPTHPJsr2lKjMSZav_C3pKnEBoKRKeJs51Nwjp8TWVKZuRw030zmNhQaNY0hKJ9lwGthxsBdWXSEsWs7REgEj470nI3_G-iC4NFNP3Jp/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+040.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604485292399259954" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT_CNnZwCNZrZp17BWT96-P4eWKJsWXXkZwA1GkQheqRDiLAhn2-TonmPROHfiK-Owz0MHxk6GccjWhkVWOTYhMDoveJn9YYeVRf_3l21B5Yi2dEFFpv5TowVGXue1xeH46m8U6hc3moHp/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+037.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT_CNnZwCNZrZp17BWT96-P4eWKJsWXXkZwA1GkQheqRDiLAhn2-TonmPROHfiK-Owz0MHxk6GccjWhkVWOTYhMDoveJn9YYeVRf_3l21B5Yi2dEFFpv5TowVGXue1xeH46m8U6hc3moHp/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+037.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604485283673984386" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhajCTKKTIjb0HeYz8cOd1CctRSG17LDlXkC82ifVixHRg43vm0ZYwvhyphenhyphenzpCj8hqOJwkZYXgPeg_-bs2t3xRAxqm94CuUJXoV0A_PHcertkHzIZ6pCKem9nE7B5sJGHfSs4X7tVvY0SDJIM/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+035.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhajCTKKTIjb0HeYz8cOd1CctRSG17LDlXkC82ifVixHRg43vm0ZYwvhyphenhyphenzpCj8hqOJwkZYXgPeg_-bs2t3xRAxqm94CuUJXoV0A_PHcertkHzIZ6pCKem9nE7B5sJGHfSs4X7tVvY0SDJIM/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+035.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604485280308887042" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHce03DOJHhpJ8FWKSA_pbs9UY_WLQ8KZ1X365FfuVgzCJ-x92sS1ly6aFWPKNq56tt83L7vYRDK6UzAUiimxPe7V6kWY5xqjy8ZI4kYaMHJkCgZeyl6CBykyGqdPkb4_2EZxWyegqY99-/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+033.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHce03DOJHhpJ8FWKSA_pbs9UY_WLQ8KZ1X365FfuVgzCJ-x92sS1ly6aFWPKNq56tt83L7vYRDK6UzAUiimxPe7V6kWY5xqjy8ZI4kYaMHJkCgZeyl6CBykyGqdPkb4_2EZxWyegqY99-/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+033.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604485271312944210" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMxgNhDt2Wg9PisRSAfcGf0eHSHgwOjp9_CXTYACXicEdIrD17MLqOOtsTPSCXkfXnGCY_zWEA33GJQKtADlV75Ld3qyHNPaqmQRDo-ov0UM8XIeUy574liztK4QHBIJix2oe_VrZqeMAh/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+024.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMxgNhDt2Wg9PisRSAfcGf0eHSHgwOjp9_CXTYACXicEdIrD17MLqOOtsTPSCXkfXnGCY_zWEA33GJQKtADlV75Ld3qyHNPaqmQRDo-ov0UM8XIeUy574liztK4QHBIJix2oe_VrZqeMAh/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+024.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604485275288875602" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtVV6ZkbnOkw7b6R5_y9zx9JrCXEK0NYqjp0gH8CWtWDa49MoLPgaDmezx-eUDWJldbmvoSntPcc-2Lz1CJjAbt6AawER7FDwPtx7av8P9z0oI1-Q1ib8V7KANyY0EC5ZPAEQha63brEtr/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+057.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtVV6ZkbnOkw7b6R5_y9zx9JrCXEK0NYqjp0gH8CWtWDa49MoLPgaDmezx-eUDWJldbmvoSntPcc-2Lz1CJjAbt6AawER7FDwPtx7av8P9z0oI1-Q1ib8V7KANyY0EC5ZPAEQha63brEtr/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+057.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604486041972221810" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD0oIPz-6RM2w33ObLg4sZWJJaNrGeJuG3NZVjTX5XYaFtVQCwKM6nhG0t9ZfGvXSSBvKjaGJhDL8ta3mFqUeQi_7bx3p2tko96nEKf7eGsQBPG2PnCnBuoMHX3bCEhV2gYKsGjkti3neD/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+054.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD0oIPz-6RM2w33ObLg4sZWJJaNrGeJuG3NZVjTX5XYaFtVQCwKM6nhG0t9ZfGvXSSBvKjaGJhDL8ta3mFqUeQi_7bx3p2tko96nEKf7eGsQBPG2PnCnBuoMHX3bCEhV2gYKsGjkti3neD/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+054.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604486042867807986" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVBL7wyxO7-GvVgfebsOQ7_4kf105zTQw4_QeNgszoNEtqFWqp4dG-ISUFeJdqj66rZjK3YLAAKE5axI2DBI9BZTSpq7CNh8exPBZ_3IYuZtKS31TxsYUyqr5DIIMUGCAOSrOKbrEkitAe/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+050.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVBL7wyxO7-GvVgfebsOQ7_4kf105zTQw4_QeNgszoNEtqFWqp4dG-ISUFeJdqj66rZjK3YLAAKE5axI2DBI9BZTSpq7CNh8exPBZ_3IYuZtKS31TxsYUyqr5DIIMUGCAOSrOKbrEkitAe/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+050.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604486035651192002" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicruWRUMHLPgswfOLeF-kiG_HLfRNQLK6y1dx3_YHBYXkuQ1tauo8auIPwIU_b_mUuVMjvm7GCB8EdWMWiQd8kvMukil_1jxfO9PAVWS7bGvxGg6DSAxcTnmNehF3hh5pPbG7Zi93yAD3f/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+074.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicruWRUMHLPgswfOLeF-kiG_HLfRNQLK6y1dx3_YHBYXkuQ1tauo8auIPwIU_b_mUuVMjvm7GCB8EdWMWiQd8kvMukil_1jxfO9PAVWS7bGvxGg6DSAxcTnmNehF3hh5pPbG7Zi93yAD3f/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+074.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604498107996381298" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnlavmPQXNwNDkiZGLoS690Be9X7793l90S9nLDCnIAm8_o-ogj-6_GZ7YgpclYVegEUTenyLSNxi4Vry8OK1JNBtk47BcDhOCvJnzg0hJ8bFm-GN1_R06dpkfh-iW_HXt2dJxPAidfAlh/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+088.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnlavmPQXNwNDkiZGLoS690Be9X7793l90S9nLDCnIAm8_o-ogj-6_GZ7YgpclYVegEUTenyLSNxi4Vry8OK1JNBtk47BcDhOCvJnzg0hJ8bFm-GN1_R06dpkfh-iW_HXt2dJxPAidfAlh/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+088.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604498101164578914" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpRFQKFp6SYZxGT8g66OWEWqMbC1epGZDeA2VVL5I8HBSKYViAJ4U6Ya4Azeda3MkTwEFNwsi2nbZd_1L7soq_VmA4v-s8hkE0Rq4BmK4q3BZ04SeA6OVbitUg_qJvPA5Q1-HjP05K3Z0T/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+097.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpRFQKFp6SYZxGT8g66OWEWqMbC1epGZDeA2VVL5I8HBSKYViAJ4U6Ya4Azeda3MkTwEFNwsi2nbZd_1L7soq_VmA4v-s8hkE0Rq4BmK4q3BZ04SeA6OVbitUg_qJvPA5Q1-HjP05K3Z0T/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+097.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604498100519642082" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVKUiR5lrieCOIdZ5BaG3CzjomIz0rcrCJCnuHrT9pYpqI2kE2XWXBJcu6S3CMaftnaJoE7RsYWSWf38alFamiX5UQJAGFU7wMXY6Cs9ePcVUet73enMIlWPKYT-fMW1CQ70ZdPhfEKTl5/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+096.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVKUiR5lrieCOIdZ5BaG3CzjomIz0rcrCJCnuHrT9pYpqI2kE2XWXBJcu6S3CMaftnaJoE7RsYWSWf38alFamiX5UQJAGFU7wMXY6Cs9ePcVUet73enMIlWPKYT-fMW1CQ70ZdPhfEKTl5/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+096.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604498098655358210" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq5tbl-4SX8FGfJCsoC5jAQ6L4al0UUlVd-tewudWqEtmKO222HJrQwwqbC-pPJ92GmcnSFNByQ5qSshxcDupsQk8geq2IbQcnUFQb0uV8OFG-lODou3cxO3Pcd_a9WxsZERkNAPba82yh/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+094.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq5tbl-4SX8FGfJCsoC5jAQ6L4al0UUlVd-tewudWqEtmKO222HJrQwwqbC-pPJ92GmcnSFNByQ5qSshxcDupsQk8geq2IbQcnUFQb0uV8OFG-lODou3cxO3Pcd_a9WxsZERkNAPba82yh/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+094.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604498094320913538" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><strong>THE MUSIC</strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbf8SJ98_YSUALpvAKojeEHaEzB2J16mmav9FZVrsnPNSMVTgXqYvTzd2q4Ygl3Zie0fEaWC81byPQpLNj5V4TaWpinGtiCHozmtoA9sYfXgCugVWPtKInxYNkVHMl9tlWC_ZqK7cB8b-i/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+100.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbf8SJ98_YSUALpvAKojeEHaEzB2J16mmav9FZVrsnPNSMVTgXqYvTzd2q4Ygl3Zie0fEaWC81byPQpLNj5V4TaWpinGtiCHozmtoA9sYfXgCugVWPtKInxYNkVHMl9tlWC_ZqK7cB8b-i/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+100.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604493101787634722" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5lnrkSwc9NY4O3bEz8K0xaZBO06hDNmHVQrOuVXHhLdffEi3GnJXga069aiEwkaPnlAo-kqgpdOG63zcXRhMLYb5sy7PXHUXp0jOFx_D0vgwh9p04H7JHvEWlB_q0RcauO99pVrjEtaq6/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+093.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5lnrkSwc9NY4O3bEz8K0xaZBO06hDNmHVQrOuVXHhLdffEi3GnJXga069aiEwkaPnlAo-kqgpdOG63zcXRhMLYb5sy7PXHUXp0jOFx_D0vgwh9p04H7JHvEWlB_q0RcauO99pVrjEtaq6/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+093.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604493098358107650" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-IgxyxS1gsN30HGjyy3POg2lGOvb6u4yiyRjFHpUiWRDSzBU_ufOMz4XhqhzsNo_uNTcNBdkpF9CgpvtSeD0dtXo3mdXQO3zMIHNOqEbeDzL4jhuJYlTOgOJX8C36giKifEJkt8nlCSX1/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+092.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-IgxyxS1gsN30HGjyy3POg2lGOvb6u4yiyRjFHpUiWRDSzBU_ufOMz4XhqhzsNo_uNTcNBdkpF9CgpvtSeD0dtXo3mdXQO3zMIHNOqEbeDzL4jhuJYlTOgOJX8C36giKifEJkt8nlCSX1/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+092.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604493092576960754" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYuPBj2eeQXHJvX4DfYuPtfnEA5P_wySLpdGejY17ud-SNO9ZOJdhw5h5yXru-3bsKVY7-diOcPnFbTDolDl7QJ_CYzN2kNg37Z7oEAQmp5i0YacZtbKCb89qx6bmTx1zffZEhQfgqXdcL/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+090.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYuPBj2eeQXHJvX4DfYuPtfnEA5P_wySLpdGejY17ud-SNO9ZOJdhw5h5yXru-3bsKVY7-diOcPnFbTDolDl7QJ_CYzN2kNg37Z7oEAQmp5i0YacZtbKCb89qx6bmTx1zffZEhQfgqXdcL/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+090.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604493089425709026" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK6QyHtSyjwNCDpvAhg-OybnEEX3w9GESrFqEgELtA0qkZOmrjVjynYW3JBrqXiQo451Xu1PXifz-8u3KMJElSmtKeG_wt08VYKrlsDTOV1FW0WKV_z90gYLXVNVgiKBeUH5ahSGcTSPFt/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+089.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK6QyHtSyjwNCDpvAhg-OybnEEX3w9GESrFqEgELtA0qkZOmrjVjynYW3JBrqXiQo451Xu1PXifz-8u3KMJElSmtKeG_wt08VYKrlsDTOV1FW0WKV_z90gYLXVNVgiKBeUH5ahSGcTSPFt/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+089.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604493085074163170" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><strong>FUN AND FOOD</strong><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHbxgV3XWrBTJRkn9MqnnLdHxPYLCS3xgC6kmxlNEOIuMfefjk1PeU-NsoCf1BI2WGFYRWuGyWQiUHU5SKIou52HCUDA16XD-vSyG2sWM6bAFWj82-uE4dHLX0kXEXV1V5PaMPBCxZUiAv/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+095.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHbxgV3XWrBTJRkn9MqnnLdHxPYLCS3xgC6kmxlNEOIuMfefjk1PeU-NsoCf1BI2WGFYRWuGyWQiUHU5SKIou52HCUDA16XD-vSyG2sWM6bAFWj82-uE4dHLX0kXEXV1V5PaMPBCxZUiAv/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+095.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604497157099513570" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2nuNlil5c5dzr5IP_1zKiTLGHbB2L6YEvEVZjVtGFMxBUsd2IninXwOXpPRMKCWARk-L0zoynwTHY2ibYchL4LpwhYLBn0HAq4WFhX6vlxW5Mf-JL33WmSbRVhNfmoiyiVyp9NAKE6Onb/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+110.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2nuNlil5c5dzr5IP_1zKiTLGHbB2L6YEvEVZjVtGFMxBUsd2IninXwOXpPRMKCWARk-L0zoynwTHY2ibYchL4LpwhYLBn0HAq4WFhX6vlxW5Mf-JL33WmSbRVhNfmoiyiVyp9NAKE6Onb/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+110.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604496819976981250" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXd6QQE-gAhv4AwdfZJQzrAdQVeJsXOO4zZkayAsBed_v_Y3cCB9x2V8SpPN49xcceEX_X5eZ9fFNwo-gGS_lIEYbZObG68bXxZuN1C2PcGGBawaloaW6nBPgibSXg7mQLD2KR6BYjc6L7/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+098.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXd6QQE-gAhv4AwdfZJQzrAdQVeJsXOO4zZkayAsBed_v_Y3cCB9x2V8SpPN49xcceEX_X5eZ9fFNwo-gGS_lIEYbZObG68bXxZuN1C2PcGGBawaloaW6nBPgibSXg7mQLD2KR6BYjc6L7/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+098.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604496260632409746" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH7rDjEKD6BO-gBOCF8SIQTWQUcj8oZGgqpWAfXSBTxX-HpjE_vJVFOogLacNK141Xus_IQa4fNRbYxVMMN5RtsqjFGGsCwrBJieWjusTqXQ7aJnnxKMMFIluTe9PvmOqkAGG7W_bpk1rp/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+085.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH7rDjEKD6BO-gBOCF8SIQTWQUcj8oZGgqpWAfXSBTxX-HpjE_vJVFOogLacNK141Xus_IQa4fNRbYxVMMN5RtsqjFGGsCwrBJieWjusTqXQ7aJnnxKMMFIluTe9PvmOqkAGG7W_bpk1rp/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+085.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604495910657526610" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjQKAXoPrAgzyt-NLMVCBFD51IOwq1Exfdc7BwErKv3j_irh-MR8AJJJOcSiqQxIIin-OR4G4afRt_6stgX7O2AWFvK6B43BF7GbDfSsrtex7jNMltbXGtmXuSY9CdzjCIpf9As2BfCAuY/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+051.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjQKAXoPrAgzyt-NLMVCBFD51IOwq1Exfdc7BwErKv3j_irh-MR8AJJJOcSiqQxIIin-OR4G4afRt_6stgX7O2AWFvK6B43BF7GbDfSsrtex7jNMltbXGtmXuSY9CdzjCIpf9As2BfCAuY/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+051.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604495736062659810" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBUDwEsP2-Q927zqdZ2MyvFe5-uzp89EBhEnuHpfFaaUzbDE6qy5ujLmp4m_YnSyEoT_Dej_hXeKwJCsfV3HGjF6QGGuUEZpIGW0cDBdNB9BNYkRQvAC1x6ERVyi7IG_YjLVhAiCTAhr5d/s1600/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+081.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBUDwEsP2-Q927zqdZ2MyvFe5-uzp89EBhEnuHpfFaaUzbDE6qy5ujLmp4m_YnSyEoT_Dej_hXeKwJCsfV3HGjF6QGGuUEZpIGW0cDBdNB9BNYkRQvAC1x6ERVyi7IG_YjLVhAiCTAhr5d/s400/THE+FINEGOLD+KNAP+IN+2011+081.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5604495503561633746" /></a><br /><br /><br /><strong><br />LAST YEARS' FINEGOLD</strong><br />FRESNO/FINEGOLD KNAP-IN 2009. <br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwi-txCsxSMGyE_Lni7RFAHgKQ55nXI3Ni94NKp35DDcaaMt1f83n9gKy19q-kRav2fyUDPHGSwXWSdwnhxH0EVZdfk9LMusRQNfIwHaJjOrx8ZsVHQsrot31gfkh_AWsQYdn8YblT9a_p/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+004.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwi-txCsxSMGyE_Lni7RFAHgKQ55nXI3Ni94NKp35DDcaaMt1f83n9gKy19q-kRav2fyUDPHGSwXWSdwnhxH0EVZdfk9LMusRQNfIwHaJjOrx8ZsVHQsrot31gfkh_AWsQYdn8YblT9a_p/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+004.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396689340362051330" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8NJvaRdaI6Ex0_YT6vD_995HQsCY4drrr7HxYj2KDxggr9IRQNxSQ11HdiY5WcWk1tZfwhMQuQyVFgME1SMr0nExsh2DXlgSA0SGo8gaOGq4jJObl8LrUNUvMhR1wDF-SVtOjJxMMI9cP/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+089.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8NJvaRdaI6Ex0_YT6vD_995HQsCY4drrr7HxYj2KDxggr9IRQNxSQ11HdiY5WcWk1tZfwhMQuQyVFgME1SMr0nExsh2DXlgSA0SGo8gaOGq4jJObl8LrUNUvMhR1wDF-SVtOjJxMMI9cP/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+089.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396689333478201138" /></a><br />The Road to Finegoldknap-in at Merkle's Ranch is about 11 miles from the Verlo Gas station on Highway 41, in the foot hills just above Fresno, California(to the East.)<br />Just fallow the signs shown above. The road is paved for a while than a good dirt, country road through majestic ridges and and rolling hills dotted with beef cattle, wild turky and so on. Oak trees and and old brown barns and fences along the root. <br />One small creek bed before the main river crossing and your there. <br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin2CoLxEI8ndMlUusoGW8LX8SWT3b9QIVQ3CLGjh5R5WKvB2mRPz7kSHOe7PWesxXzbGMYQQA_WJ_DVwph8AaQ_HfeY1xiG9ojAfLVYjEd8nLvnpjzDfT1AFb8P57MIqr-pj-3fzeKJOt1/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+014.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin2CoLxEI8ndMlUusoGW8LX8SWT3b9QIVQ3CLGjh5R5WKvB2mRPz7kSHOe7PWesxXzbGMYQQA_WJ_DVwph8AaQ_HfeY1xiG9ojAfLVYjEd8nLvnpjzDfT1AFb8P57MIqr-pj-3fzeKJOt1/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+014.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396692181319905458" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCQxTJQw0xbR4-WxOJqa2f-PbuiSf6UhbTTWjvveOplTZrQeaKBihjbq-syUxfsp3Ck4TqbkQQV4NmC_6qx42Cx346ywzYPYhmu5YCTZvCgDkY-j6ipmlsasfEdjHJRbUvLh2D1wssHAnT/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+013.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCQxTJQw0xbR4-WxOJqa2f-PbuiSf6UhbTTWjvveOplTZrQeaKBihjbq-syUxfsp3Ck4TqbkQQV4NmC_6qx42Cx346ywzYPYhmu5YCTZvCgDkY-j6ipmlsasfEdjHJRbUvLh2D1wssHAnT/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+013.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396692177574069970" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj51yDmC7sHCCi9OxKK3BDDivyFuPG-JLw1CHKl688AMtQCkpb7LIL0pYXZfH6PfRcwJds6ny32D4znbsI-NWsMk6LkUPP56eo_QSqdlhE3G8-8S1k0Tpoindfja4rV8pj7Wbfm6aqJ-UM2/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+011.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj51yDmC7sHCCi9OxKK3BDDivyFuPG-JLw1CHKl688AMtQCkpb7LIL0pYXZfH6PfRcwJds6ny32D4znbsI-NWsMk6LkUPP56eo_QSqdlhE3G8-8S1k0Tpoindfja4rV8pj7Wbfm6aqJ-UM2/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+011.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396692173548994802" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia8Ze1HJG0krg0BKTX7CGm8hMLYZSAlVWBgflifevi0RAhKRyGlDuKjaUgSZ2_xI6fEdh4kK8Fcop6GOQYhn7e4zSAD6QEh8a1IHJCEX54pA_3iwElwPU7WM-t64H8fFh27LTk1aOSGvY7/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+010.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia8Ze1HJG0krg0BKTX7CGm8hMLYZSAlVWBgflifevi0RAhKRyGlDuKjaUgSZ2_xI6fEdh4kK8Fcop6GOQYhn7e4zSAD6QEh8a1IHJCEX54pA_3iwElwPU7WM-t64H8fFh27LTk1aOSGvY7/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+010.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396692166131681842" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEB5gbIdD1VjzChRO_vcFr5uBvsPlTIeu0pcy22jf89eA064O6jmnc5K_39xU1BahFLer2Fd-jsfOU3e0M8Nk0bjfW00pXrzCSoXPmSApatlZB5I8fOJHy3tHAgEOmMF2A5OoQjyqtWOfR/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+007.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEB5gbIdD1VjzChRO_vcFr5uBvsPlTIeu0pcy22jf89eA064O6jmnc5K_39xU1BahFLer2Fd-jsfOU3e0M8Nk0bjfW00pXrzCSoXPmSApatlZB5I8fOJHy3tHAgEOmMF2A5OoQjyqtWOfR/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+007.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396692161451740738" /></a><br /><br />I got to the main knapping camp friday afternoon and visited everyone and setup my camp next the the river. I had my archery equipment, my dobro guitar, mountain bike and flintknapping kit. I set up my bed in the back of my Ford Explorer. Then I walked over to the fire and did some more visiting. The noext morning (Saturday), Patrick Aims and his large family had gallons of coffee bewing and the delectable aroma filled the camp. The they cooked up some amazing breakfast vidals.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvTlgMjQbjhjvQc-xCBM33FLdRDQ8ZaACxKGOqbJ9Y-stHMS_oKIRCYHm1eFI_lDIHo_bx60nVcBSnrqbZno9U4VNUKHkPMRZCq2kaW0BrjZkrSK2ZVZKi1fH082_CfYowY-b-1ATuNCuf/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+048.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvTlgMjQbjhjvQc-xCBM33FLdRDQ8ZaACxKGOqbJ9Y-stHMS_oKIRCYHm1eFI_lDIHo_bx60nVcBSnrqbZno9U4VNUKHkPMRZCq2kaW0BrjZkrSK2ZVZKi1fH082_CfYowY-b-1ATuNCuf/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+048.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396696330621768098" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-zWHCYU0X3WPq-48P3tjV0ldaKgyIE7mMEeN6Si_oabkqnBKuEeZcHdVpoWV1o1anbvcka-PjdxQDCB_HY80iqO-RzGPfca9nvBgWUy8DtWXUgYpVr9eRFm16QnGbMjIGbcufJoOjocDi/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+042.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-zWHCYU0X3WPq-48P3tjV0ldaKgyIE7mMEeN6Si_oabkqnBKuEeZcHdVpoWV1o1anbvcka-PjdxQDCB_HY80iqO-RzGPfca9nvBgWUy8DtWXUgYpVr9eRFm16QnGbMjIGbcufJoOjocDi/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+042.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396696325538311538" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdV0IgslQtuBbmhRxmc7R3tiViNmIWj9sP2Jp_8kpPlKRSic4DAqI_KdLMOOCxFtpaoMvCshj56C8UOdxLD7nGzTt5WpoX_XY55LoRpEpTMRBWXex7CR7QpOGAJRr-iHLLkPTq1_w03hI6/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+037.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdV0IgslQtuBbmhRxmc7R3tiViNmIWj9sP2Jp_8kpPlKRSic4DAqI_KdLMOOCxFtpaoMvCshj56C8UOdxLD7nGzTt5WpoX_XY55LoRpEpTMRBWXex7CR7QpOGAJRr-iHLLkPTq1_w03hI6/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+037.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396696322280898210" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7J7NhWkBV5tfIrxekTlbEqWZUVzZu6lG8avv88qIWAteF6cUjtV1hKsheTJZj7HhWgktrYrXHcJLPgJfE3HuPtYAQDVxweL8Xnnq3OyElXYT0SmgXet_aCNKLjXMDg9Q85R377137pyOX/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+030.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7J7NhWkBV5tfIrxekTlbEqWZUVzZu6lG8avv88qIWAteF6cUjtV1hKsheTJZj7HhWgktrYrXHcJLPgJfE3HuPtYAQDVxweL8Xnnq3OyElXYT0SmgXet_aCNKLjXMDg9Q85R377137pyOX/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+030.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396696322488976578" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXC7G3oDNvdZxklXiJQnuSsy_mjLlRCr4-GlXOhDcZzXipxOHmcEpTbcefFTRtDeDVlF6jxFtfJnwBNdCHZhYk3O3rRzOfG5o9N4VN8gu0mq9mHXJ3HtXF2zI5BQ6zkgnXoCKVJ7WvwbV0/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+029.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXC7G3oDNvdZxklXiJQnuSsy_mjLlRCr4-GlXOhDcZzXipxOHmcEpTbcefFTRtDeDVlF6jxFtfJnwBNdCHZhYk3O3rRzOfG5o9N4VN8gu0mq9mHXJ3HtXF2zI5BQ6zkgnXoCKVJ7WvwbV0/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+029.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396696319177461394" /></a><br />Flintknapping, the art of chipping knives and arrowheads out of flint and obsidan started about 8:30 AM on Friday(Saterday for me) and went on from there to Sunday afternoon. <br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvw_CBrWlZv6vXemwqlAWZmk_GW_Gp6nYJ0UBMl7zSU21y2nakZBVYpGoaFcLvwnRqAnVGtKFfOh0rJJzEcFj2KVAzWp1DneoIJwrUaMHMhflyJEXhJAxVDJGqNXahvTkj1mI68LJZt74b/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+047.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvw_CBrWlZv6vXemwqlAWZmk_GW_Gp6nYJ0UBMl7zSU21y2nakZBVYpGoaFcLvwnRqAnVGtKFfOh0rJJzEcFj2KVAzWp1DneoIJwrUaMHMhflyJEXhJAxVDJGqNXahvTkj1mI68LJZt74b/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+047.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396698346547001762" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEI-xzZik9042LenA_NcsWo-QSW6pnS0sCEIuO76z1j9yw6jxNsn_oIoVGuXgNaN4dlvhc1rKdQ4LHXWQZJQTyCy-aXVbtmo4ivClbyQlVGkZlSIxhgHXD2zM69JihBBnoWB3CpnaRORRy/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+043.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEI-xzZik9042LenA_NcsWo-QSW6pnS0sCEIuO76z1j9yw6jxNsn_oIoVGuXgNaN4dlvhc1rKdQ4LHXWQZJQTyCy-aXVbtmo4ivClbyQlVGkZlSIxhgHXD2zM69JihBBnoWB3CpnaRORRy/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+043.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396698340864217746" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDdz6Oqqv8vqeGXirPIFPCyH6FQlp8muNTwbZ0Vp_Ya_xOkbzaPci7Ar3RqwKXwMmpfMz3NBNGSoMUKpjUs-NoKvdtHo5-xp0xoV7yn8j5kwc5iwhjbOI-dz5XQCWiIi6cCcZi094JHbTa/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+022.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDdz6Oqqv8vqeGXirPIFPCyH6FQlp8muNTwbZ0Vp_Ya_xOkbzaPci7Ar3RqwKXwMmpfMz3NBNGSoMUKpjUs-NoKvdtHo5-xp0xoV7yn8j5kwc5iwhjbOI-dz5XQCWiIi6cCcZi094JHbTa/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+022.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396698336954072722" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdB8SMkErhRv72uMNU7qy4wfoBIqAHXtcOoCzNtqsIuG_QFJvDQA1Q-BeWWKYWV-B41BBXVCYP7c4vE2EqOpN2f8uFQ7vnOKBkS4AfLJCJz66IeoXUNZEPWg1B29n5-psUV4-u3t7o4R3z/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+031.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdB8SMkErhRv72uMNU7qy4wfoBIqAHXtcOoCzNtqsIuG_QFJvDQA1Q-BeWWKYWV-B41BBXVCYP7c4vE2EqOpN2f8uFQ7vnOKBkS4AfLJCJz66IeoXUNZEPWg1B29n5-psUV4-u3t7o4R3z/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+031.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396698330059651506" /></a><br /><br />JOKING AROUND: Giant potato gun firing, John Piri befriending a Llama, Gary with Ray point in head, and friends head in hole. <br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIzmm-Fq02jzPxQHup0ryl6GPbsxR93ba02KY2R3XAf29S3LT5JjnE2HOvso3fJG2Ehf5dlO85DUinJkq1aU2qV79xjIjNjnuDeCp9zIqyOWiSPn8-ZVlj7AjLWFf_NuEJxwlTHHX_Kgr5/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+057.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIzmm-Fq02jzPxQHup0ryl6GPbsxR93ba02KY2R3XAf29S3LT5JjnE2HOvso3fJG2Ehf5dlO85DUinJkq1aU2qV79xjIjNjnuDeCp9zIqyOWiSPn8-ZVlj7AjLWFf_NuEJxwlTHHX_Kgr5/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+057.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396700756689390050" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW8tsJvnTBqYWsf4LkU3Z_pfIv6RupZT85jTmPAotKEJYkwC1RNg7O7_jcbvfbWCPRnjzkIOb3lKlG3yC-L8B47dkTwsW_4H9hVsKBYSyP4Po1zzHFGy2BQLDCVPLfkfeSdjHscLx5BnUG/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+055.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW8tsJvnTBqYWsf4LkU3Z_pfIv6RupZT85jTmPAotKEJYkwC1RNg7O7_jcbvfbWCPRnjzkIOb3lKlG3yC-L8B47dkTwsW_4H9hVsKBYSyP4Po1zzHFGy2BQLDCVPLfkfeSdjHscLx5BnUG/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+055.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396700749197247954" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDPiDkQSQ3sHB4naMVeFtb3rgBT5rPBllRwzwxRIwI_u_CJZuQ692Ih2ieGE6aRdP2uozqe1JZcMLNSDhcG1j31obf4i8Y3uLYxCV9_y5YNvd1kpJKw1fDEPpiiAgLGXiO4Pt8nbJKb7yg/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+054.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDPiDkQSQ3sHB4naMVeFtb3rgBT5rPBllRwzwxRIwI_u_CJZuQ692Ih2ieGE6aRdP2uozqe1JZcMLNSDhcG1j31obf4i8Y3uLYxCV9_y5YNvd1kpJKw1fDEPpiiAgLGXiO4Pt8nbJKb7yg/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+054.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396700745249217730" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIlGzYIhmwvmvvtzX3HX8zugr_etL2H9h4VdOXcBM0Il_R3UsxObvAuYEFSicSfcs4UTUkkavWiDrLJDOvddxILvoetCEqg2Kbg3m97mEezaO0lk9HZR8guUCe2qBdn2s-zeiAHpHqOQFU/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+056.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIlGzYIhmwvmvvtzX3HX8zugr_etL2H9h4VdOXcBM0Il_R3UsxObvAuYEFSicSfcs4UTUkkavWiDrLJDOvddxILvoetCEqg2Kbg3m97mEezaO0lk9HZR8guUCe2qBdn2s-zeiAHpHqOQFU/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+056.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396700744431926002" /></a><br />Top Patrick Aims with Fox skin quiver he made. 2, Gary archery. 3, Matt Archery.<br />4, Ray Harwood archery.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg34YTfTleFXiU_u-W_DwB0P8BM4vAFUOhuevBGkD7G-wwONBo77hazEdE6-q1lf3zYCzW5ZEZhRynuPC_1Fkt5AYuGQRz6PuT5XsiHEeCChmdZxAFVy5mS0LVYjrfSyuM6usbUZrxGK5wY/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+086.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg34YTfTleFXiU_u-W_DwB0P8BM4vAFUOhuevBGkD7G-wwONBo77hazEdE6-q1lf3zYCzW5ZEZhRynuPC_1Fkt5AYuGQRz6PuT5XsiHEeCChmdZxAFVy5mS0LVYjrfSyuM6usbUZrxGK5wY/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+086.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396702207963766578" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnMOZwAypnmljfuATpoQ8e3aqHIlYp_DceLrGpB0zApMOwQIb8XXUGKLaGW4EMv4nOMQ4N5hRDhIo0b3cWmNdRCA2Sq_N9DtqsUl27MFOZ1zjJ5vE92SIey-D35Sn0x67p3GW0wrxTKm7z/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+062.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnMOZwAypnmljfuATpoQ8e3aqHIlYp_DceLrGpB0zApMOwQIb8XXUGKLaGW4EMv4nOMQ4N5hRDhIo0b3cWmNdRCA2Sq_N9DtqsUl27MFOZ1zjJ5vE92SIey-D35Sn0x67p3GW0wrxTKm7z/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+062.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396702197340157090" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-OcgUvi1nD4BAEvexUNtMWrMtDBufJRtuyb84f_Osuu62phJqpO7W1nNODOswLW7H__hv6WjPFp29SQO9b4WnDOujMT-fdMS33bHDtSycO_AsYoNOWwKNRRSMAthjRDvPP0PmNFBIfJ3d/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+068.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-OcgUvi1nD4BAEvexUNtMWrMtDBufJRtuyb84f_Osuu62phJqpO7W1nNODOswLW7H__hv6WjPFp29SQO9b4WnDOujMT-fdMS33bHDtSycO_AsYoNOWwKNRRSMAthjRDvPP0PmNFBIfJ3d/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+068.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396702194576860898" /></a><br /><strong>Finegold knap-in all night jam session. Started about 4:30 PM and went allmost all night long. </strong><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8ZYuM-8bZpJf0Mt_4bqGSn-MJFK92QczaC5zuAEyTUKfgCLxhs5BShs8BEdsvpXoLKCG9VWJ06Tu6CgoaMtj_NKJ21U6ej1tH1jX6sCLqeeSt0XKtqiNN2NgPo3PqKKZ52dFnU-DdEtPb/s1600-h/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+074.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8ZYuM-8bZpJf0Mt_4bqGSn-MJFK92QczaC5zuAEyTUKfgCLxhs5BShs8BEdsvpXoLKCG9VWJ06Tu6CgoaMtj_NKJ21U6ej1tH1jX6sCLqeeSt0XKtqiNN2NgPo3PqKKZ52dFnU-DdEtPb/s400/FINEGOLD-FRESNO+Knap-IN+oct+2009+074.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396703314058093154" /></a><br /><br />Carol Peri and her buffalo chilli and Patric Aims and family made tri-tip and fixins, Gary brought his famous pies. I ate so much I passed out at the bon fire and my hat caught on fire. FOOD WAS GREAT!!!!THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-84808738523165781972011-04-10T08:52:00.000-07:002013-05-09T02:16:27.447-07:00The Flintknappers’ Parable<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil6dQUUXsxahSnJFL9NraqLC2I7u0BQB1gsdD1-vbxzQaN84XfdEDo_zTaPypsjFQp2OhPx_fcl5OOQ9PdPESlbw-q002G0H9jM0V5Cuj-vnKL8yBbDYqT6THtLKtvNoArbLyb4rJ7z_VQ/s1600/hedge+12.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5593982571675450098" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil6dQUUXsxahSnJFL9NraqLC2I7u0BQB1gsdD1-vbxzQaN84XfdEDo_zTaPypsjFQp2OhPx_fcl5OOQ9PdPESlbw-q002G0H9jM0V5Cuj-vnKL8yBbDYqT6THtLKtvNoArbLyb4rJ7z_VQ/s400/hedge+12.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 360px;" /></a><br />
<strong>The Flintknappers’ Parable :</strong><br />
<br />
<br />
<strong>The Flintknappers’ Parable :</strong>I once sat and observed the trade of a flintknapper. <br />
The artist was at a later stage of reducing a large white stone into a long, thin well flaked blade. With each carefully planned flake detachment, a new opportunity for yet another flake removal arose, a new fork in the road.<br />
Life is like a flintknapper taking flakes off a biface, each new flake that is removed, good or bad, long or short, yields a new opportunity and a new fork in the road, he must decide which path to take. <br />
After quite some time, the thin well shaped blade was nearly complete; a load snap broke the repetitive metronome like blows, some choice vernaculars from the flintknapper’s tongue. Yet the flintknapper did not discard the stone. The flintknapper reached into his kit and pulled out an abrasive stone, removed the jagged spots from the end shock and began thinning down the area. After a bit of time and “clank, click, clank” of the flintknapper’s tools, I heard a bystander comment;"those are the two most beautiful matching white spear points I have ever scene”. It appeared as if the knapper had set down with the purpose of creating this beautiful matching set of white spear points and this flintkanpper was the star of the knap in. Life is like that, sometimes we have our biface of life snapped in half, and when all seems lost, and after some flakes of time, and against all odds, something great comes out of it.THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-48646654695890559252010-12-30T17:52:00.000-08:002010-12-30T17:53:13.364-08:00Bakersfield Goes To: ...Standing Bear Pow wowStanding Bear Powwow, a celebration of American Indian heritage and community, began at Bakersfield College Friday evening and continued through the weekend. “besides the cultural and commercial aspects of this year’s event — whose official flier promises contest dancing, native arts and crafts, cultural awareness, native foods and family fun — attendees will be able to enjoy the powwow’s deeply rooted spiritual component.” <br />The food was great; I had Chumash Indian fry bread taco and some great strawberry Lemonade, with real strawberry chunks. Next to the booth where I ate was a sausage booth and a slushy booth next to that.<br />The music was great with drums from all over the state and southwest. <br />The dancers in the competition and doing demonstrations were very talented and their traditional dance costumes were inspiring.<br />The flintknapping booth was great; flintknappers from all over the state of California were demonstrating their craft and displaying their art. Gary Picket put on the knapping section of the pow-wow; Gary Picket, learned the stone age craft while living in Missouri, where flint Indian artifacts are common in the creeks and hollers. Picket experimented for many years before he mastered the craft. Picket says that modern flintknappers sign their work to keep it from being misrepresented as ancient. He invites all interested to the park to learn more about this strange but growing hobby. Gary often does demonstrations for events, schools, pow-wow and museums. For more information, call (661) 392-7729.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_GEJcjIdPoLqEI0m7v-lvpGb-A3OmjlgV0oU0ryQ9uG9qq2wV44LMHL-81pR64JCWLgJdMo_PP0xAp7qEX8f7CxphrTw-QCBcea6uCBivg7iAXtQqhm3_sBmMC8lu0kZOoY53j8sVzMM/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+015.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_GEJcjIdPoLqEI0m7v-lvpGb-A3OmjlgV0oU0ryQ9uG9qq2wV44LMHL-81pR64JCWLgJdMo_PP0xAp7qEX8f7CxphrTw-QCBcea6uCBivg7iAXtQqhm3_sBmMC8lu0kZOoY53j8sVzMM/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+015.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209664643069619442" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiknEypSgov71g9WaQqdJRuYdWBOg5hyQr26lRBfHnu7fcOJq6_neVhFmLQJaLDfgkfLrGBBxY8s-gd0uZJ4khZBQNs9sVtx6HkDEmIpYuAzZ22SnyDFxNAmdSS4ZZhNwDxY7jaCLSSL5w/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+014.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiknEypSgov71g9WaQqdJRuYdWBOg5hyQr26lRBfHnu7fcOJq6_neVhFmLQJaLDfgkfLrGBBxY8s-gd0uZJ4khZBQNs9sVtx6HkDEmIpYuAzZ22SnyDFxNAmdSS4ZZhNwDxY7jaCLSSL5w/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+014.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209664527301922818" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggTv1Xrv1lgnY7QkbPcPD8iJrnuN6mpxnugnYpC5xMXnPJSd-AET4RUVz3oSufUK1BbMDaSAO0aRhu7fi8MreBHxqYKV9E2Vn6JBH7sGdp30nCoRDzTwW2wEppk2Nv3mOS3RLt8vo6yR8/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+013.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggTv1Xrv1lgnY7QkbPcPD8iJrnuN6mpxnugnYpC5xMXnPJSd-AET4RUVz3oSufUK1BbMDaSAO0aRhu7fi8MreBHxqYKV9E2Vn6JBH7sGdp30nCoRDzTwW2wEppk2Nv3mOS3RLt8vo6yR8/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+013.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209664425815794866" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9bEEBV9wt5bSgqKbXddf7OLZ2Q5c61gjxQeah9YyszJhhNQDjGtoUXlYus8MOTWTYR7_mRlDnuVmUY0zq4dGlm1aO3Cfi974t-DCJRC5e0pPLrDk3B7PquVjd0_p5XxLDAbUtBpCkPNA/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+012.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9bEEBV9wt5bSgqKbXddf7OLZ2Q5c61gjxQeah9YyszJhhNQDjGtoUXlYus8MOTWTYR7_mRlDnuVmUY0zq4dGlm1aO3Cfi974t-DCJRC5e0pPLrDk3B7PquVjd0_p5XxLDAbUtBpCkPNA/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+012.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209664316393648370" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggUxcKQ2Nl3xOyX9js1dVescywspAjsu5WhDBO2mLRFCWYNVD8rvVzxYGLmPwrEXKLaJPcScxHgD2yPjY2HoEoqqxcz6iYbyC53ydW9ePqDX915iplLN-7VduA8LtqnmpGlCic8OM3Jag/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+011.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggUxcKQ2Nl3xOyX9js1dVescywspAjsu5WhDBO2mLRFCWYNVD8rvVzxYGLmPwrEXKLaJPcScxHgD2yPjY2HoEoqqxcz6iYbyC53ydW9ePqDX915iplLN-7VduA8LtqnmpGlCic8OM3Jag/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+011.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209664190264030482" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF-k8ngW5k2XuV9ZTjxFbrhj6ZOZ9FaS89PnMj7_if3KPG3WzO2guHoa7OuZccd-ds_I1_cGSUFq2SdmOC6xmKIoxxpLpgYEhOO8d-iddG-98M3aLKbqrzb5XzgtW5b3Rsj3OHqb6Lv-c/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+010.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF-k8ngW5k2XuV9ZTjxFbrhj6ZOZ9FaS89PnMj7_if3KPG3WzO2guHoa7OuZccd-ds_I1_cGSUFq2SdmOC6xmKIoxxpLpgYEhOO8d-iddG-98M3aLKbqrzb5XzgtW5b3Rsj3OHqb6Lv-c/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+010.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209664095234256402" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_HHrLizB9DbLfekkALXjEiQut37gwMgvr2IlIE_YUaSS9BHP6X-1BqZFHisAQ6mAd9AXb7CrfvTPpLsKNUxzVcYFCM1qWWNoacUweZKqGFsmH5drwepf5wIfJ-_4cxabwAsp2XRKaDrY/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+009.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_HHrLizB9DbLfekkALXjEiQut37gwMgvr2IlIE_YUaSS9BHP6X-1BqZFHisAQ6mAd9AXb7CrfvTPpLsKNUxzVcYFCM1qWWNoacUweZKqGFsmH5drwepf5wIfJ-_4cxabwAsp2XRKaDrY/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+009.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209664015468743186" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilsVDX7p_EMIdTOfTo9m5OsZbQpYtQhBA2I_byzscmZUW5HddfbiLG03Uh8D_KvLezYlkFt_820PeIZHLwfY3muwFBmL2xGUwc76GhM9HFO9-MtDqrAZ1bneys_bZ-cmMMBjFAwuFgimM/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+008.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilsVDX7p_EMIdTOfTo9m5OsZbQpYtQhBA2I_byzscmZUW5HddfbiLG03Uh8D_KvLezYlkFt_820PeIZHLwfY3muwFBmL2xGUwc76GhM9HFO9-MtDqrAZ1bneys_bZ-cmMMBjFAwuFgimM/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+008.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209663925765253970" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrumDVVAuiho_Et_2NNTBeZqKhRB0vpXrEUaavRfsj7lN7O1ApDleA62n5riZIcktZZBcYSUndg5_Q2DkSwRffdHK_ud9MkaHN44vL6_1zRGwKWE690-J2ht64rav83KhxcmYnqjaTJb4/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+007.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrumDVVAuiho_Et_2NNTBeZqKhRB0vpXrEUaavRfsj7lN7O1ApDleA62n5riZIcktZZBcYSUndg5_Q2DkSwRffdHK_ud9MkaHN44vL6_1zRGwKWE690-J2ht64rav83KhxcmYnqjaTJb4/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+007.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209663845160895698" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimiwOOp0XWMs2pxQSaSGcLdPWbNDTthvhy7FHyXLVLGIidJW1H2ItsqgqDYC3CMa98d6QjLw46iBZSa7cA3Xy-zNVNNkR-NYy0HJZ6GbGk-By28MXuxdGHIn_zn8BI2EEZ-iNt-BUVR2w/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+006.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimiwOOp0XWMs2pxQSaSGcLdPWbNDTthvhy7FHyXLVLGIidJW1H2ItsqgqDYC3CMa98d6QjLw46iBZSa7cA3Xy-zNVNNkR-NYy0HJZ6GbGk-By28MXuxdGHIn_zn8BI2EEZ-iNt-BUVR2w/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+006.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209663750801478962" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Nn0XMA6WDUCd70Dw-gOCCr5AoVQrS4f7JNpCiL750_oaBYeR5ieQxQCUde9HH72wkrMMeufV-oQW9rl8J8gSPny9fZZYXqIUJSPunDqfJtROWPApnzgFStBNufM0xkj5QMOzMjLf8l0/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+005.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Nn0XMA6WDUCd70Dw-gOCCr5AoVQrS4f7JNpCiL750_oaBYeR5ieQxQCUde9HH72wkrMMeufV-oQW9rl8J8gSPny9fZZYXqIUJSPunDqfJtROWPApnzgFStBNufM0xkj5QMOzMjLf8l0/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+005.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209663626198423634" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgENRPOEwQLUCE4U3xVcboe6RVIAipSEEAjGtwk7GbVdw5176O8c7uAN4cbOzeqI_HoCb9tHtF6c1cp7eIjYPbwcGtnYhXyJn2uDWcL2d8VTmMD_5CVgFJ4vqonviIxH3l0bgPdefEds-A/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+004.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgENRPOEwQLUCE4U3xVcboe6RVIAipSEEAjGtwk7GbVdw5176O8c7uAN4cbOzeqI_HoCb9tHtF6c1cp7eIjYPbwcGtnYhXyJn2uDWcL2d8VTmMD_5CVgFJ4vqonviIxH3l0bgPdefEds-A/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+004.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209663549165274626" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxr_detdakqKtKHfasXLPcuIhRqRRFSzCjpUhvCW45BCyUVUXRdJojTt8_M-pfvJ_X48n0eM2cMovUVKmNKijXXj3vZHroqXy8WjxaNOJ6BnAd-E5HLUU-XBxYEwLfu65-haD502NXpA0/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+003.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxr_detdakqKtKHfasXLPcuIhRqRRFSzCjpUhvCW45BCyUVUXRdJojTt8_M-pfvJ_X48n0eM2cMovUVKmNKijXXj3vZHroqXy8WjxaNOJ6BnAd-E5HLUU-XBxYEwLfu65-haD502NXpA0/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+003.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209663458620054754" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhAimTDmg_ydhlom5mSbGbOPKAcZxY8Kb-rQewRceW9xzMD5VrqeZq1d1l0d2cnqQbVRRTYv3lv_cv8SgKk-kfiLpLHcA7J5MHMhxv77apSdXym8Y45Bfidr7n5-3sA1chrHZTq_Sj7-8/s1600-h/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+002.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhAimTDmg_ydhlom5mSbGbOPKAcZxY8Kb-rQewRceW9xzMD5VrqeZq1d1l0d2cnqQbVRRTYv3lv_cv8SgKk-kfiLpLHcA7J5MHMhxv77apSdXym8Y45Bfidr7n5-3sA1chrHZTq_Sj7-8/s400/AAA+STANDING+BEAR+POW+WOW+KNAP-IN+002.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209663377110352754" /></a>THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-31113789505149347092010-12-30T17:48:00.000-08:002013-05-09T17:14:13.974-07:00Copper hammer head for billet flintknapping.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYS4pce3c5VCLZ8LRNxvAEwXngYSLNF70B1UJ3AAwfrzBktkSRmq5VCfQW4BS-AMuY2kxvPky6f_owWhF2f6HqIqBM86OrTut2bnBFxtX-YPMw-313CLJGHCZt0jqmNuJP3XW_Snk_j5M/s1600-h/dad+castle.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5141362186133557250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYS4pce3c5VCLZ8LRNxvAEwXngYSLNF70B1UJ3AAwfrzBktkSRmq5VCfQW4BS-AMuY2kxvPky6f_owWhF2f6HqIqBM86OrTut2bnBFxtX-YPMw-313CLJGHCZt0jqmNuJP3XW_Snk_j5M/s400/dad+castle.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglN2BJTqqfLa4Y5b8mvDrHmnSGFOv0wMq_nuKpWwHYmvm4xsyxf1ZX9lSizn5-F3s1nSocf8ek6GnoWOWUMjcm0FEqn4ZkLF6tCD9l_HEEeAhrtbw5BxzeVyZstdGPVix8QnQwyoi7ADk/s1600-h/artifact2.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5141361988565061618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglN2BJTqqfLa4Y5b8mvDrHmnSGFOv0wMq_nuKpWwHYmvm4xsyxf1ZX9lSizn5-F3s1nSocf8ek6GnoWOWUMjcm0FEqn4ZkLF6tCD9l_HEEeAhrtbw5BxzeVyZstdGPVix8QnQwyoi7ADk/s400/artifact2.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPfGWsqIj74w3rIdCf1t1YwlGS4TrS8KzjkrYI6OWKFbxAeXZnZV6oNEM05X3d0Gp1HrrOeCqwH-pSuXKmr-JQWSvkRkQLXULdiOVqTn4umA6sxuvlfjC4wnV1w9P3i4wK_Wi4DLM5WFg/s1600-h/artifact.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5141361881190879202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPfGWsqIj74w3rIdCf1t1YwlGS4TrS8KzjkrYI6OWKFbxAeXZnZV6oNEM05X3d0Gp1HrrOeCqwH-pSuXKmr-JQWSvkRkQLXULdiOVqTn4umA6sxuvlfjC4wnV1w9P3i4wK_Wi4DLM5WFg/s400/artifact.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
According to the park ranger at Montezuma Castle, Arizona this copper anomaly was discovered here. The artifact is now on display at the visitors' center at Montezuma Castle, Arizona.<br />
<br />
Nestled into a limestone recess high above the flood plain of Beaver Creek in the Verde Valley, stands one of the best preserved and most easily accessible cliff ruins in North America. This 5-story, 20-room cliff dwelling served as a "high-rise apartment building" for prehistoric Sinagua Indians more than 600 years ago.
Copper hammer head for billet flintknappingTHE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-23321028942020694272010-12-30T17:44:00.001-08:002010-12-30T17:44:40.990-08:00ERRETT CALLAHAN STORY<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGkQ1bWzo0qU9xNS3aPS5JDqF-ZgMhELBA6rqruh1DT6claduZhUwy4eGSDkmcytBTMfbiz760PmwSXipG9T4YvQwsPf4k9tdtaEWY3ideaAX9zl8OCrHQ0VWqsN6Fv_UxItUo6vePfAk/s1600-h/class+ec.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGkQ1bWzo0qU9xNS3aPS5JDqF-ZgMhELBA6rqruh1DT6claduZhUwy4eGSDkmcytBTMfbiz760PmwSXipG9T4YvQwsPf4k9tdtaEWY3ideaAX9zl8OCrHQ0VWqsN6Fv_UxItUo6vePfAk/s400/class+ec.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5123428010947629538" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQzeBD22MTNy3o3JnxEiun4UdrnJ86pu6HAqwUHUW9vlKfKdk7UlKKZzlQhTJPRd9O4Fg_mOsSv7KDRLx_pbsBJFHyYh2w2bgtny0-vWGVp40MmU-bbQF2bEAjTow1MfafoGM7GlxOzGI/s1600-h/EC+Dagger.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQzeBD22MTNy3o3JnxEiun4UdrnJ86pu6HAqwUHUW9vlKfKdk7UlKKZzlQhTJPRd9O4Fg_mOsSv7KDRLx_pbsBJFHyYh2w2bgtny0-vWGVp40MmU-bbQF2bEAjTow1MfafoGM7GlxOzGI/s400/EC+Dagger.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5123427894983512530" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXp7QPZkpxlMp1K21t9cJg6Dd9n67Q_v1EXG_yb8ogd9UIOW5jblR7V_ZkWKkTDkMeyfs0pN2I3eoqUZogaN-2ibeS8F5KNOEJimIj8-nFWO-o_Qr7igoN2ZeHJZqq-FrdJSgusql7tro/s1600-h/Errett+and+girl+flintknappers.jpg"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXp7QPZkpxlMp1K21t9cJg6Dd9n67Q_v1EXG_yb8ogd9UIOW5jblR7V_ZkWKkTDkMeyfs0pN2I3eoqUZogaN-2ibeS8F5KNOEJimIj8-nFWO-o_Qr7igoN2ZeHJZqq-FrdJSgusql7tro/s400/Errett+and+girl+flintknappers.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5123427736069722562" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jI35V3k2h5eFOAXGW7vK8PNoj8tlK36LULgTmwNY5J6Enc354VpYkRHLGFrhHSWF_TxV6JZxOR-DGIn2Vcs_rZEuKVLE2JlSIxjkeHVNy6pL9Pam2kMixh5CDq75q0l2fKkNofD2AHs/s1600-h/EC.jpg"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jI35V3k2h5eFOAXGW7vK8PNoj8tlK36LULgTmwNY5J6Enc354VpYkRHLGFrhHSWF_TxV6JZxOR-DGIn2Vcs_rZEuKVLE2JlSIxjkeHVNy6pL9Pam2kMixh5CDq75q0l2fKkNofD2AHs/s400/EC.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5123427598630769074" /></a><br /> ERRETT CALLAHAN By: Ray Harwood<br /><br /> <br /><br /> The Thinking Man: One of the most knowledgeable and talented<br /> flintknappers of our time was a Virginia Flintknapper, whom has<br /> influenced hundreds, if not thousands, Errett Callahan. We can sit<br /> and wonder where Callahan came from and why he was such an influence.<br /> The answer is this, Callahan came into knapping with a great deal of<br /> skill, intellegence and strength, at a time when a whole new<br /> generation of archaeologists were coming out of the old school with a<br /> lot of questions. Crabtree had just released his book and was bumping<br /> out students by the bus load. Archaeology was hungry and Callahan was<br /> just what the doctor ordered. He had fresh ideas and an uncanning<br /> knapping ability intertwined the craft and theory like no one before<br /> or since.<br /> In 1956, just out of high school, Errett spent the summer in<br /> Yellowstone National Park working at the Old Faithful general store.<br /> He was exposed to a lot of history at the park and had access to<br /> obsidian, this gave him the start he needed and he began knapping<br /> seriously then and has been doing it full steam ever since, later<br /> combining his early grinding methods as part of his flaking strategy.<br /> It started on a trip out when he was waiting for the train in<br /> Montana. He went into a local library and found a book on various<br /> point types. He was fascinated by this and it sort of plugged some<br /> into his memory. In his spare time he would try to duplicate these,<br /> using small pieces of obsidian and bottle glass and guided only by<br /> the flintknapping picture in Holling's book. It was another 10 years<br /> before Errett realized that there were other people flintknapping. Up<br /> until then he thought he was the only one.<br /> Errett read more and more of Bordes's works and met him several<br /> times. Francois Bordes stayed at Callahan's house for several days in<br /> 1977. Bordes, as Errett, was inspired by Edgar Rice Burroughs and he<br /> published numerous science fiction novels. Callahan, as a college<br /> student, had once been assigned to be Bordes's escort to a knapping<br /> demonstration sponsored by the Anthropology department in D.C. for<br /> the Leaky Foundation lectures. In 1977 Bordes spent four days<br /> knapping there in Richmond. Bordes had plenty of money to visit the<br /> U.S.A. because not only was he a master flintknapper and Europe's<br /> leading archaeologist, but also one of the most popular science<br /> fiction writers in France. According to Callahan Bordes wrote dozens<br /> of novels under the pen name of Franci Carsac. Callahan was<br /> influenced quite a bit by Bordes. At the same time Errett was also<br /> reading the works of Don Crabtree. Errett was Fascinated by Crabtree,<br /> they met in Calgary in 1974 and Crabtree gradually became a heavy<br /> influence on Errett's knapping. J.B. Sollberger was another major<br /> influence and led Errett to bigger and better things than he could<br /> have without that input. Gene Titmus of Idaho, a friend of Crabtree<br /> was also a major influence on Callahan, mostly his notching and<br /> serrating techniques. Errett stayed in close contact with Gene for<br /> many years, Gene a master knapper of percussion and, like Don, about<br /> the nicest and humblest guy he'd ever met.<br /> Some other overseas influences on Errett were Jacques Pelegrin and Bo<br /> Madsen. Pelegrin had been Bordes number one student in France,<br /> working under him for years. Pelgrin first trained with Bordes over<br /> six summers, for three weeks each summer. Pelegrin worked with a<br /> hardwood billit, which he learned to use from Bordes's friend in<br /> Paris, Jacques Tixier, whom was one of the Masters of flintworking of<br /> the time. Pelegrin became very good with boxwood. Jacques Pelegrin's<br /> father built a cottage in the French woods, here Jacques reflected on<br /> archaeological concepts and flintknapping. At this time, in the<br /> 1970s, Pilegrin was writing a bit back and forth to Master Don<br /> Crabtree in the USA and Jacques had begun to read and interprit<br /> Crabtree's publications. Pelegrin did public flintknapping<br /> demonstations in the Archeodrome, which is on the main road between<br /> Beaune and Lyon, France. He is concidered one of the best<br /> flintknappers in the world. Pelegrin and Bordes learned English<br /> together and spend years flintknapping together and learning, master<br /> and student became knapping partners. Jacques Pelgrin went through<br /> almost all the Paleolthic French technologies while learning his<br /> craft- Levallois, blade making, different kinds of Paleolithic tools,<br /> different kinds of flint cores, and leave points, including Solutrean<br /> pressure material. It is an interesting fact that Pelegrin learned to<br /> flintknap standing up and only changes after his first exposure to<br /> other knappers and text.<br /> Bo Madsen is Denmark's premier flintknapper, a grand- master of the<br /> Danish art. Madison is an expert on Danish lithics and earned his<br /> Ph.D. at Arhus in Jutland, Denmark. Madsen's dagger research<br /> influenced Callahan greatly and this spread to America and in this<br /> era many knappers were attempting dagger production: Waldorf, Patten,<br /> Stafford, Flenniken and Callahan in particular. Errett spend a good<br /> deal of time in the 1970s in Scandinavia and returned again in August<br /> of 1984. Madsen had moved over to the University of Arhus and was<br /> teaching a talented portage, Peter Vemming Hansenat at the University<br /> of Copenhagen, the two had co-wrote and published a paper on the<br /> replication of square- sectioned axes. While in Scandinavia Callahan<br /> gave several flintknapping workshops sponsored by the Archaeological<br /> Institute of the University of Uppsala, Sweden, he was assisted by Bo<br /> Madsen and Dr. Debbie Olausson. According to Callahan, the Copenhagen<br /> area has several talented non-academic knappers as well Thorbjorn<br /> Peterson, Asel Jorgensen, and Soren Moses.<br /> In later years Errett's biggest influence was Richard Warren. Richard<br /> was completely underground and out of contact for most of his<br /> knapping life, he became a lapidary knapper that had an exclusive<br /> clientele. Richard Warren's work was incredibly precise, much more<br /> than anyone at the time thought was possible. Errett had to<br /> reconstruct the Warren technique entirely from scratch. Richard<br /> Warren showed Errett one important thing- perfection is possible- and<br /> that's all he needed to know. Richard Warren died a few years ago,<br /> Warren's curiosity was to know what could be done with flint if<br /> someone picks up where the best stone age knappers abandoned the<br /> craft for metal technology or extinction. In short Richard's quest<br /> was for knapping for the sake of art-perfection, by any means<br /> possible. Richard used the term "Teleolithics" to describe what we<br /> now call lapidary knapping, flake over grinding (lap-knapping). After<br /> Hannus' colon operation, in 1983, for which Errett made the obsidian<br /> blades used in the surgery and observed the entire operation, two of<br /> Callahan's students decided to start a company with him to market<br /> these blades to the medical community. The one who was supposed to do<br /> the marketing dropped out and little became of " Aztecnics".<br /> Errett markets his obsidian art through "Piltdown Productions" in<br /> Virginia. Callahan is best known for his published work The Basics Of<br /> Biface Knapping In The Eastern Fluted Point Tradition A Manual For<br /> Flintknappers And Lithic Analysts. This was published in Archaeology<br /> Of North America, . He has also published many other books and<br /> articles. Including: "Flintknappers' exchange" (the original<br /> journal), "The Emic Perspective" and "Flintknapping Digest". The<br /> Basics Of Biface knapping In The Eastern Fluted Point Tradition was<br /> the single most influential lithic book ever written.<br /> The Callahan biface book is Vol. 7, No. 1 of the journal Archaeology<br /> Of Eastern North America. The book introduced many new techniques for<br /> the study of stone tools, for standard and experimental archaeology.<br /> The concepts, "the lithic grade scale, and biface staging, are widely<br /> used in flintknapping circles to the point the most new knappers<br /> didn't even know these concepts were fairly new and discovered by<br /> Callahan.<br /> As Crabtree before him Callahan was the only living flintknapper with<br /> the confidence to have major surgery done with stone tools he crafted<br /> himself. According to the news release on December 9th, 1998, Errett<br /> Callahan had major surgery done to repair his right rotator cuff<br /> tendon. The two hour landmark operation was done by Dr. Jay Hopkins<br /> of Blue Ridge Orthopedics at Lynchburg General Hospital. Callahan's<br /> rotor cuff tendon had become completely torn off the top of his<br /> humerus bone and had to be extensively reworked. Dr Hopkins said that<br /> it was as bad a tear as he had ever witnessed. All incisions were<br /> made with Callahan's obsidian scalpels. Dr. Hopkins, after performing<br /> the operation, was impressed with the great reduction of bleeding in<br /> the initial incisions and states: I used the obsidian blade for a<br /> shoulder operation and found them quite satisfactory. They performed<br /> very much like a scalpel and the bleeding with the first cut through<br /> the skin was minimal. Healing appears to be very much normal, if not<br /> accelerated.<br /> Errett Callahan was founder and president of the Society of Primitive<br /> Technology for many years . The Society is an international<br /> organization devoted to the preservation of a wide range of primitive<br /> technologies. The SPT preserves and promotes this knowledge<br /> principally by means of a remarkable magazine, the Bulletin of<br /> Primitive Technology. Errett has now retired from his editor and<br /> chief and president but he will stay an active member. For more<br /> information contact Society of Primitive Technology, P.O. Box 905,<br /> Rexburg, Id 83440. The Bulletin is now being edited and produced by<br /> Primitive skills expert David Wescott. At this time Errett Callahan<br /> is in the midst of writing a major book on flintknapping - everything<br /> he knows...and he knows a lot..The book is going to focus a on Danish<br /> Daggers. The book is addressed to both the archaeologist and<br /> flintknapper a like. This book is a 20-year research project in which<br /> 200 daggers were replicated. The research was funded by a grant from<br /> the King of Sweden and by Uppsala University. Callahan is cowritting<br /> the book with Jan Apel, a PhD student at Uppsala and fellow<br /> flintknapper. The new book will do for daggers what his biface book<br /> did for that field. Callahan is also working on a book on<br /> experimental archaeology.<br /> Callahan still puts on his week long classes at Cliff Side on<br /> flintknapping, traditional archery, primitive pottery, lithic<br /> analysis, and more. Bob Verrey, a former student and long time<br /> flintknapper, archaeologist and supplier of knapping tools offers a<br /> scholarship to the school but it is very competitive. .<br /> Tags: | Edit Tags<br /> Saturday June 3, 2006 - 10:22am (PDT) Edit | Delete | Permanent Link | 0 Comments<br />Entry for June 03, 2006<br /> Entry for June 03, 2006 magnify<br /> Crabtree, often referred to as "the Dean of American<br /> flintknapping". He was born June 8, 1912, in Heyburn, Idaho.<br /> According to Harvey L. Hughett of the University of Idaho: Don spent<br /> his early youth in Salmon, Idaho where he first became interested in<br /> Indians and their tools. His mother would have him run errands for<br /> the next-door neighbor and as a reward this woman would give Don an<br /> arrowhead which her husband had gathered. Young Don became fascinated<br /> with these tools and even at this early age began to wonder why and<br /> how they were made. There were, at this time, many Indians in Salmon.<br /> Thanks to Harvey Hughett, at the University of Idaho, whom is now<br /> curator of the Don Crabtree Lithic Collection, we now know much more<br /> about Don Crabtree's childhood. I spoke to Mr. Hughett a few in<br /> October of 1999 (Val Waldorf had no problem either) he gave me<br /> permission to quote his copyright article on Don Crabtree in Chips<br /> Vol. 11, No.3, 1999.: "Young Don became fascinated with these tools<br /> and even at this early age began to wonder why and how they were<br /> made. There were, at this time, many Indians in Salmon. Their custom<br /> was to sit flat on the sidewalk with their legs stretched in front of<br /> them. Don found it great fun to jump over their legs and to talk with<br /> them, for which he was severely reprimanded by his mother.<br /> When Don was six, his Family moved to Twin Falls. This was desert<br /> country and Don spent most of his time hunting for artifacts, Indian<br /> campsites and building his collection of Indian tools. The family's<br /> home was just a stone's through from the Snake River Canyon and Don<br /> spent every possible moment hunting in the canyon, collecting from<br /> campsites and caves and adding to his collection. He also collected<br /> obsidian flakes and began to try to reproduce the artifacts. This<br /> meant more trips to the canyon for knapping material. Soon, young<br /> Crabtree had gathered a fairly large collection of artifacts and his<br /> interest in experimenting with different stones and methods of<br /> manufacture to achieve replication increased. He tried many<br /> approaches to holding and applying force but with little success and<br /> much failure. After interviewing many local Indians, he was<br /> disappointed that he was unable to learn anything of how these<br /> fascinating artifacts were made. Flintknapping was essentially a lost<br /> art even at the time.<br /> Don was constantly in trouble with his father for being away from<br /> home so much, for the many cuts on his hands and the permanent<br /> bloodstains on his clothing. He received many reprimands for coming<br /> home after dark. Even this did not cure him of his quest for<br /> knowledge of the Native Americans and their tools. At one point, his<br /> father became so disgusted with Don spending so much time knapping he<br /> offered to pay him $100.00 if he would promise never to make another<br /> arrowhead. Don wanted a bicycle and a gun so badly that he considered<br /> this offer for some time. However, the love of Indian lore won and he<br /> told his father that he could not give up his attempts to make tools<br /> as the Indians had.<br /> In the late 1930's he was supervisor of the Vertebrate and<br /> Invertebrate Laboratory at the University of California at Berkley,<br /> this is also where Ishi's artifacts are curated. Also, Ted Orcutt<br /> still lived not far to the North. Crabtree also worked in the<br /> Anthropology lab with the well known Anthropologist Alfred Krueber,<br /> whom was Ishi's friend and caretaker at the museum a few short years<br /> before. According to Dr. Errett Callahan (1979), following a<br /> flintworking demonstration at a meeting of the American Association<br /> of Museums in Ohio, in 1941, Crabtree was employed at the Ohio State<br /> Lithic Laboratory with H. Holmes Ellis and Henry Shertrone. He was<br /> also advisor in Lithic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania and<br /> the Smithsonian Institution's museum.<br /> During world war II, Crabtree was coordinating Engineer with<br /> Bethlehem Steel in California. Between 1952 and 1962, he was County<br /> Supervisor with the U.S.D.A in Twin Falls, Idaho. In 1962 and 1975,<br /> Crabtree was research associate in lithic technology at the Idaho<br /> State Museum in Pocatello."<br /> Not only was Crabtree a master flintknapper and an inspirational<br /> flintknapper , he was also an expert on the theoretical aspect of<br /> stone tool studies. Crabtree published papers on replicative<br /> flintworking and other aspects of lithic studies in such publications<br /> as:<br /> "American Antiquity" (1939,1968), "Current Anthropology"<br /> (1969), "Science" (1968,1970), "Curator" (1970), "Tebiwa" (1964,<br /> 1966, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1973,1974), and "Lithic Technology" (1975).<br /> Crabtree's textbook, "An Introduction to Flintworking", was the main<br /> publication readily available from 1972 on. The Crabtree book,<br /> although 26 years old, is still a classic and is one of the most<br /> referenced books in lithic studies today. The book is easy to read<br /> and is full of excellent drawings and text. The book is available<br /> through the Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University,<br /> Pocatello, Idaho. They also have republished Crabtree's articles,<br /> papers, and videos, his articles are better than ours decades later.<br /> Crabtree was featured in many archaeological films in his day, many<br /> were shown around the world in class rooms from elementary school to<br /> doctoral classes. These films influence many up and coming<br /> flintknappers. The film "Blades and Pressure Flaking" (1969) won best<br /> anthropology film at the 1970 American Film Festival.<br /> In 1972, the Idaho Museum of Natural History received a grant from<br /> the National Science Foundation for the production of several 16mm<br /> films featuring the legendary flintknapper. Just a few years ago<br /> these films were dubbed onto VHS video tape and made available to the<br /> public through Idaho Museum Publications. Though faded somewhat, this<br /> footage still maintains its detail and shows Don Crabtree at his<br /> best. In the Shadow of Man , Don is shown quarrying obsidian at Glass<br /> Buttes in Oregon. The Flintworker discusses the basics of<br /> flintknapping, stone tools are made using simple percussion<br /> techniques, and the Hertzian cone theory is introduced. Ancient<br /> Projectile Points covers the making of bifacial points. The hunter's<br /> Edge covers prismatic blade making. The Alchemy of Time concerns heat<br /> treating, and the manufacture of Clovis, Folsom and Cumberland<br /> points. In 1978, Crabtree had open heart surgery with stone tools.<br /> The blades Crabtree made were so sharp that Crabtree's doctor agreed<br /> to use them on him after seeing how sharp they were. The first<br /> surgery one of Crabtrees's Ribs and a lung section were removed, an<br /> 18 inch cut. Crabtree's stone tools were so sharp that there was<br /> hardly a scar.<br /> Don Crabtree flintknapped all types of artifacts including fluted<br /> Folsom , parallel flaking, chevron flaking, notching, blade making<br /> and even Ted Orcutt style large obsidian biface points. His large<br /> points were very similar to Orcutts , some were so thin that they<br /> looked like dinner plates, his obsidian arrow points were very<br /> similar to those he helped to curate in Berkley made by Ishi.<br /> While working agate Crabtree noticed that his had a satiny texture<br /> and the Indian arrowheads out of the same material were like opal.<br /> After much experimentation he rediscovered heat treating of flint<br /> materials to improve knapping quality.<br /> In the later part of his life Crabtree traveled the world meeting and<br /> flintknapping with each nations leaders in lithic fields of endeavor<br /> and really opened the door for all of us. During this time<br /> flintknapping saw its heyday, "knap-ins", lithic conferences and<br /> publications. Sort of what what is happening now but with the<br /> academics.<br /> Don Crabtree, Dean of American flintknappers, died on November 16,<br /> 1980 from complications of heart disease, within six months of<br /> Francois Bordes . When Bordes and Crabtree passed away the 1970's<br /> academic flintknapping heyday passed away with Them. THE PALEO<br /> KNAPPERS : The Late Don Crabtree, of southern Idaho, is considered to<br /> be the "Dean of American Flintknapping" not only for his fine<br /> publications, but also for the vast amount of important information<br /> he uncovered in a life devoted to the study of stone tools. Don was<br /> most probably the first flintknapper in thousands of years to flute a<br /> Folsom point, as early as 1941 Crabtree was employed at the Lithic<br /> Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania and the prestigious<br /> Smithsonian Institution. He had experimented with fluting in the<br /> 1930s but became quite famous for his studies into the Lindenmier<br /> Folsom in 1966 . Don Crabtree passed away on November 16, 1980.<br /> Jeffery Flenniken and Gene Titmus, students of Crabtree carried on<br /> the studies and are still considered to be among the best<br /> flintknappers in the world.<br /> Tags: | Edit Tags<br /> Saturday June 3, 2006 - 10:18am (PDT) Edit | Delete | Permanent Link | 0 Comments<br />Entry for June 03, 2006<br /> Entry for June 03, 2006 magnify<br /> ple times.THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-119485350651543002010-12-30T17:41:00.000-08:002010-12-30T17:42:42.151-08:00HISTORY OF MODERN FLINTKNAPPING<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGR1Yx9vv9wNfsuE4i0WNqdYVyiYSNBb1005Pvx1mw1ywahuphH-zT44xCIfV2MiOWMF7IBoeytXK3Se2G1QhtTyE2D4wXDLsU7l2qv7oWRqd9i0aQfGy0iqrGM82y2CoyTmxzEh2DLAk/s1600-h/Sword+of+Glass_0001.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGR1Yx9vv9wNfsuE4i0WNqdYVyiYSNBb1005Pvx1mw1ywahuphH-zT44xCIfV2MiOWMF7IBoeytXK3Se2G1QhtTyE2D4wXDLsU7l2qv7oWRqd9i0aQfGy0iqrGM82y2CoyTmxzEh2DLAk/s400/Sword+of+Glass_0001.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5147964631854320466" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdWxFatK7FrxX59i0exVYgiXndnVCRLWoXHR0CnFe3mhnxpdqP00H_yEbYLQ1eG49ehZ3V8ijuYZdGWYM3dXstHi6Et4GwH4tLEKPFu8D174jWH3HE8SSSdplHYCHLjot5HZ0CODhb0Pk/s1600-h/EC.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdWxFatK7FrxX59i0exVYgiXndnVCRLWoXHR0CnFe3mhnxpdqP00H_yEbYLQ1eG49ehZ3V8ijuYZdGWYM3dXstHi6Et4GwH4tLEKPFu8D174jWH3HE8SSSdplHYCHLjot5HZ0CODhb0Pk/s400/EC.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5147964528775105346" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhySD_uDzfkebf0Ejz8iRGT6JEzGJetskleh4yFH7JJTdDWereLcX2vlOlz9OXtNUISGB1hE8B57d4x9phimpKUWjWp08qCLAHm9FZTaLW_WaLHM11Qja-KHjogNs95Ym4gffiqIlk1RHw/s1600-h/Errett+and+girl+flintknappers.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhySD_uDzfkebf0Ejz8iRGT6JEzGJetskleh4yFH7JJTdDWereLcX2vlOlz9OXtNUISGB1hE8B57d4x9phimpKUWjWp08qCLAHm9FZTaLW_WaLHM11Qja-KHjogNs95Ym4gffiqIlk1RHw/s400/Errett+and+girl+flintknappers.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5147964309731773234" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizSQQ95SmYw_l2n4ESdPDI-LS6FEl3FwzY-rddFQIu_Y43ybAxEBfZtT7dek7UiWPL_HjyjjgtyS9cliB_a89DqgVhrD4R2viVXy9A4zwiBAHSet_YqO7N0tOUNt37JGW0Qn9m6z9-dcM/s1600-h/The+Crab.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizSQQ95SmYw_l2n4ESdPDI-LS6FEl3FwzY-rddFQIu_Y43ybAxEBfZtT7dek7UiWPL_HjyjjgtyS9cliB_a89DqgVhrD4R2viVXy9A4zwiBAHSet_YqO7N0tOUNt37JGW0Qn9m6z9-dcM/s400/The+Crab.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5147964133638114082" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcEks094pGywASYL_tL3Y6cvGfT0fGmTGX8R7sqChxSahYhp2IPxrQRIlVLWgUnZTUXprhFjqx1iyeVxAQkeN1iLWUDbNKTpItZ8E2E0h_Ls3afem_rLBnrygZJkpTOjYoFBhIW6Rjw5w/s1600-h/Ray+and+Jeannie+.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcEks094pGywASYL_tL3Y6cvGfT0fGmTGX8R7sqChxSahYhp2IPxrQRIlVLWgUnZTUXprhFjqx1iyeVxAQkeN1iLWUDbNKTpItZ8E2E0h_Ls3afem_rLBnrygZJkpTOjYoFBhIW6Rjw5w/s400/Ray+and+Jeannie+.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5147963974724324114" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJera38Dly5u4vGsAv150Z-XnK358WtdzYLMpMYNjmjNlch8zHCujmZW3SYfeRb7RX8tm9yTpNEbdOTEpM7CJEAsdg_mOvOOuhnlSxCoI9CLIjQK2zybBRXEgn0sqRd4MHekF8r7coAOA/s1600-h/EC+Dagger.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJera38Dly5u4vGsAv150Z-XnK358WtdzYLMpMYNjmjNlch8zHCujmZW3SYfeRb7RX8tm9yTpNEbdOTEpM7CJEAsdg_mOvOOuhnlSxCoI9CLIjQK2zybBRXEgn0sqRd4MHekF8r7coAOA/s400/EC+Dagger.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5147963884530010882" /></a><br />history of modern flitknapping<br /><br />HARWOOD'S - HISTORY OF MODERN FLINTKNAPPING<br />RAY HARWOO FIGFLINT@...<br />1. WORLD FLINTKNAPPING SOCIETY<br />Introduction: It was a cold September morning, the dark of night was<br />still well upon us, my ghetto feet were burning from the cold within<br />my boots, a flash of light and thunderous roar, and my fathers voice,<br />not a voice that was heard unless good cause was about. Good cause<br />was about, a large buck lie there in the Monache sand. There in the<br />damp sand I witnessed something that has transpired a million times<br />here, the sounding of men butchering game. The crushing sound and<br />smell of sage, the smell of fresh blood and the broken sound of<br />morning. " See son this is the way your granddad showed me", a shiny<br />stone flake graced the enormous palm. This was the start of my<br />flintknapping obsession. This probably to gain respect from my<br />father, a hunter and warrior, W.W.II Vet descendant from an Apache<br />war chief. I knapped flint ever since, joined the Army, went to<br />college, hunted, fished had sons of my own. I published hundreds of<br />articles, became a Karate champion (1982), and a bluegrass banjo<br />State runner up (1974). I never did gain his respect, but there, just<br />before his final journey he told me he was proud of me. If he had<br />said that earlier I would never have done all these empty<br />accomplishments: The World Flintknapping Society, Martial Arts<br />Tournament Society, Fig-Ficus Society, Flintknapping Digest (1984) ,<br />Arrowhead Types of California (1985), C.S.U.N Knap-in (1983),<br />California Flintknapping Rendezvous (1984-1989) . It was my drive for<br />acceptance from my father that made me do it, something , like most<br />men, I never got. But like Hendrix said "I still got my Guitar" , In<br />my case, my knapping kit. Here is a look at knapping from my world,<br />enjoy!<br />In recent years the replication of prehistoric stone tools and<br />projectile points has become very popular. The ability to fashion<br />chipped stone items is both a rewarding hobby, a life saving skill<br />and a popular art form. Flintknapping ( the art, or craft, that<br />involves the chipping or flaking of flint-like stones into implements<br />or projectile points) has become a very important aspect of the study<br />of stone artifacts found by archaeologists. As an art form the image<br />of flakes on stone has a strange attraction, a fascination perhaps,<br />held over from our stone age ancestors. According to a recent article<br />in American Antiquity (Whitaker and Safford 1999); there are 5,000<br />active knappers averaging 25 points a month, this means some 1.5<br />million points are being made every year.<br />A man named Man, a man named Ishi. Flintknapping is a part of the<br />world lived in by a very few, but at one time it was part of<br />everyone's world to some degree. The man named Ishi was at the end of<br />that time and the start of this one. It was early in the morning,<br />just the break of dawn, August 9, 1911, some miles south of Red<br />Bluff, California, an exhausted and fearful man was found in the<br />stable of a slaughter house. It was a middle aged American Indian man<br />whom came in from the woods, he was taken off to the jail at<br />Oroville. Sheriff J.B. W Webbe, who was the one who figured out Mr.<br />Ishi was a "wild" Indian and locked him up in a cell for the insane,<br />for Ishi's protection more than anything. Curiosity brought both<br />locals and outsiders from miles away to see was described as a "wild<br />man". Local Indians and "half breeds" came in and attempted to<br />communicate with Ishi, but to no avail. He was the last human on<br />earth that spoke his language. He spoke no English, he was starved<br />and his black hair was burned off short as he was in morning. The man<br />Ishi, the last of the Yahi. The Yahi, a small branch of the Yana,<br />were situated in northern California. Ishi lived in the Mill Creek in<br />the foothills of Mount Lassen, east of the Sacramento River and south<br />of the Pit River.<br />Fortunately for us Ishi was a master flintknapper and he still<br />retained all the knowledge and skill from living a life as his<br />tribe's flintknapping expert. The points Ishi knapped are so<br />delicate, thin and well flaked, they far surpass nearly all points<br />found in archaeological contexts and collections from prehistory.<br />Ishi has a point style named after him, as well as a specific type of<br />flintknapping tool. Ishi had lived his life in the wilderness, his<br />tribe had been wiped out by murderous miners and hunters, Ishi lived<br />alone - isolated. The story of Ishi's capture became headline news.<br />One of the readers happened to be Professors Kroeber and Waterman,<br />anthropologists at the University of California. The two men took an<br />instant interest, as they had gone on an expedition looking for<br />Ishi's people 3 years earlier as some surveyors had happened upon<br />their camp and reported their discovery. It was this discovery that<br />brought the demise of Ishi's people as the surveyors had stolen the<br />Indians' winter supplies as trophies and the Indians did not make it<br />though the winter. Years before the surveyor incodent, Indian killers<br />had attacked the tribe of peaceful Indians slaughtering men women and<br />children, one killer switched to his pistol as his riffle<br />was "tearing up the babies too much." You can see why Ishi feared<br />white people, he thought he would surely be executed.<br />Since Ishi's language was extinct, there was no communication with<br />him. It was very discouraging for Ishi and the white men. Finally<br />Waterman broke through with a few Yana words he had found. Ishi went<br />and lived with Kroeber and Watererman at the museum, Ishi would give<br />flintknapping demonstrations every Sunday to crowds of interested<br />onlookers, he also sold his handiwork. On his time off from<br />demonstrations and ethnographic data collecting, Ishi went to the<br />near by hospital and made friends with Dr. Saxton T. Pope, whom was<br />amazed at Ishi's skill as a woodsman and archer. Pope and Ishi went<br />on many trips into the wilderness and Ishi shared his bow making and<br />flintknapping secrets with his new friend. Ishi died at noon, March<br />25th, 1916. He told his friend Pope at the end "you stay, I go". It<br />was Yahi tradition that the body be buried whole so it could make the<br />trip to the land of the dead, but before Kroeber could do anything<br />about it Ishi's body was autopsied and cremated and his brain cut out<br />and sent to the Smithsonian. California Indians have been trying to<br />gain Ishi's remains for burial but have been largely unsuccessful as<br />no Yahi decedents survive. Just within the last several months,<br />however, a turn of events have taken place and it appears Ishi's<br />remains have been returned to his beloved Deer Creek for a final<br />rest.<br />Walking With Ishi, by Joyce Ann Harwood: I sit down under the cool<br />shade of pine, the mountain air clean and cleansing. My thoughts go<br />back to a time and place where men and nature were one. To be a man<br />that is one with nature is to be fulfilled, that was the plan of the<br />great spirit. The man that has come to epitomize this time and life<br />way is a man given the name Ishi, which itself means man. To me Ishi<br />was stands for what is good in men, he was as much a part of the<br />wilderness as the wilderness itself.<br />Most of you have heard the story of Ishi a thousand times, the tear<br />filled tale of the last natural American. Ishi wandered out of the<br />wilderness in 1911, starving. confused and mourning the loss of his<br />family and race. The last Yahi-Yana of Dear Creek, California.<br />Rescued and given sanctuary in the Museum at University at California<br />Berkley where he lived doing odd jobs and demonstrations until his<br />death by TB in 1916. Ishi was said to be a reserved and intelligent<br />gentleman, and an excellent flintknapper. Ishi's friend Dr. Saxton<br />Pope wrote this of Ishi when he died; "He closes a chapter in<br />history. He looked upon us as sophisticated children, smart, but not<br />wise....He knew nature which is always true. His were the ualities of<br />character that last forever. He was kind; he had courage and self-<br />restraint, and though all had been taken from him, there was not<br />bitterness in his heart. His soul was that of a child, his mind that<br />of a philosopher."<br />Of late, Ishi has been in the news quite a bit, Researcher Steve<br />Shakely, of Kroeber Hall at Berkley, states that Ishi may not have<br />been a Yana after all but, based on physical and anatomical<br />measurements of Ishi himself and the point type he made, he may have<br />been a Wintu, a neighboring tribe. Furthermore in the news, the<br />California Indians have been trying to get the existing remains of<br />Ishi back from the Smithsonian for burial. Originally Ishi wanted to<br />be buried in the traditional Yahi-Yana fashion, but the powers that<br />be at the time had dismembered and burned his body. Before they<br />burned his body they cut out his brain and sent it to the<br />Smithsonian. In recent news releases it appears that Ishi's remains<br />may be returned to his Dear Creek home for burial. The delay in<br />returning the remains had to do with the fact the Ishi had no living<br />relatives, recent DNA testing has resolved the issue. In addition,<br />another bit of Ishi news came about when researcher, Dennis<br />Torresdale discovered a small cash of authentic Ishi points in Ishi's<br />waste flake collection in an old coffee can in the basement of the<br />museum at Berkley. Dennis was extremely noble and turned the points<br />in to the museum, according to Ishi collector Charlie Shewey, the<br />last authentic Ishi point sold at auction for a cool $27,000.00.<br />I was first introduced to Ishi via my husband, Ray Harwood, in the<br />1970s, Ray held Ishi on a similar level as a deity. This is also<br />actually the story of how Ishi walked with Ray, and his friends,<br />through his journey of life, through the triumph and the tragedy,<br />Ishi's legacy was always there to help them get through. . Even when<br />Ray was a young child he would go off in the woods bow hunting with<br />his half Native American father. Ray's father spent a lot of time in<br />the woods and was able to show Ray and his brothers crafts and<br />knowledge his father had shown him. Among the things learned on the<br />trips to the woods was the art of flintknapping.<br />When my husband stumbled upon his first copy of Theodore Kroeber's<br />Ishi in Two Worlds , he felt an instant kinship, this was the first<br />book he ever completed cover to cover.<br />Ray met Ishi researcher Dennis Torresdale in the summmer of 1999 at<br />an Errett Callahan lithics workshop in Portland. Dennis gave Ray the<br />incentive to rekindle his own research on Ishi crafts. Dennis feels,<br />in light of the Shackley data, that Ishi's points may not have been<br />Wintu or Yana but, it is in the realm of possibility, that Saxton<br />Pope had given Ishi the specifications that he considered the perfect<br />arrowhead. The interesting thing about the Ishi point, more than any<br />other point type in archaeology, is that we have the tool kit, the<br />waste flakes, I witness statements and photos of the knapper.<br />In High School Ray's flintknapping sessions increased to the point<br />that his eye hand coordination improved drastically, his intense<br />visual concentration while working the flint material helped his<br />dyslexic tendency and he went from a fail student to the Dean's List<br />in a few short years and was even able to achieve black belt in<br />karate.<br />Ray had flintknapped in an artistic vacuum until he was in his early<br />20s. This is when Ray met fellow Ishi fans, Joe Dabil, Barney<br />DeSimone, Steve Carter and Alton Safford. Barney had a small business<br />called Yana Enterprises where he marketed his Ishi posters and items<br />and had become an expert Ishi style knapper, to the point that he had<br />killed a wild boar on Catalina Island armed with a sinew backed bow<br />and Ishi tipped arrow of glass of his own making. Atlton was an avid<br />traditional bow hunter and knapper, he had even hunted big game in<br />Africa a few times with stone points. Years later Alton and Ray<br />started the yearly California Flintknapping Rendezvous. Joe Dabil had<br />become a California legend by the late 1970s and had the nick name<br />of "Indian Joe", this name given to him by the prominent<br />archaeologists of the day. Joe could make fire in of minutes with a<br />natural yucca file board and mule fat stick. Joe was also a master of<br />the Ishi style flintknapping methodology. Joe's Ishi points of both<br />glass and obsidian were each an impressive work of art. Ray and Joe<br />became friends and Ray began to study Joe's flintknapping methods.<br />Joe Dabil had learned the arts of wilderness survival hands on. Joe<br />was an Olympic class long distance runner in the 1960s, and when a<br />Doctor informed him he had a life threatening decease he fled into<br />the wilderness. There in the woods, alone, Joe eked out a survival on<br />natural foods. Eventually Joe relearned the arts of Ishi, sinew back<br />bow making, arrow-smithing, fire drill technology, cordage making,<br />brain tanning and of coarse...flintknapping. As miracle have it, Joe<br />lived out his death sentence and is still practicing wilderness<br />skills today. Steve Carter was already an established master knapper<br />when Ray met him in the early 1980s. Steve had been friends with<br />J.B.Sollberger of Dallas, Texas and with J.B.s inspiration, at the<br />1978 Little Lake knap-in, Steve developed his own unique knapping<br />style, one in which he detached the flakes of the top of the preform<br />as opposed to the bottom that rests on the palm of the hand. Steve<br />was versatile and also used the Ishi style knapping techniques.<br />Steve's work even impressed the Grand Masters; Sollberger, Titmus,<br />Callahan and Crabtree.<br />Ishi, The Last Yahi , the video was released and this one appears to<br />have some actual Ishi footage (http://on-location.com/ishi.html).<br />Furthermore, at the corner of Oro-Quincy Highway and Oak street in<br />Oroville stands a small recently made monument made of Dear Creek<br />cobbles with the sorrowful story of Ishi etched in Bronze.<br />Ted Orcutt, The Karok Master, King of the Flintknappers. at the he<br />turn of the last century there were many flintknappers working at<br />their craft. One of these knappers stands out among the rest as he<br />carried on a sacred tradition, the white deer knapper. The White Deer<br />knapper had the honor of knapping the massive obsidian blades for the<br />world renewal ceremony known as the White Deer Dance. The White Deer<br />Dance was very a huge undertaking and organizers spent years planning<br />for one event. The event was not only time and labor intensive but<br />was also financially very costly. To make things work out, each tribe<br />took a turn hosting the event that often lasted 3 solid days. The<br />actual dance involved dancers carrying stuffed albino dear skins on<br />polls followed by obsidian dancers that carried a set of two- twin,<br />massive obsidian bi-faced blades tied in the middle with a buck skin<br />thong. He who knapped the sacred, giant, ceremonial blades for the<br />Karok, Hupa and Yurok was a man of honor. The man who last held this<br />honor was known as king of the flintknappers, he was Theodore Orcutt.<br />Theodore Orcutt was born February 25, 1862 near the Karok Indian<br />settlement of Weitchpec on the Klamath River. Weitchpec is now at the<br />upper or north edge of the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation in<br />northern California. His mother was a full blooded Karok Indian, born<br />at the Karok settlement of Orleans, Oleans is only a short distance<br />from Weitchpec on Hwy 96, his father was a Scotsman. Theodore's<br />father, Albert Stumes Orcutt had fair skin, blue eyes and light hair<br />and was about 5.11 inches tall and ran Orcutt Hydraulic on the South<br />fork of the Salmon River at Methodist creek, Albert came to this area<br />from Maine where he was carpenter, although he had been a sailor<br />earlier in life. Later in life Albert had a small farm and Orchard on<br />the Klamath River.<br />Theodore's mother, Panamenik -Wapu Orcutt, was closer to 5 foot 6<br />inches , with jet black hair, brown eyes and dark skin. His mother<br />had the characteristic traditional female Karok tattoo on her chin, 3<br />vertical strait lines. At adolescence all traditional Karok girls had<br />their chin tattooed with three vertical lines, or stripes. Using a<br />sharp obsidian tool, soot and grease were stitched into the skin, the<br />same tattoo was on the biceps. The tattooing was for several purposes<br />all relating to gender and Klan affiliation. She was considered a<br />good cook and hard worker, she could make baskets, new the ins and<br />outs of herbalism and acted on occasion as a midwife. She also spoke<br />both the Hokan language and English. Theodore's mother stayed close<br />to him all his life and even in old age she made trips to visit with<br />him. His mother lived to the advance age of 107 years old.<br />In about 1865 young Theodore was given his Indian name, "Mus-su-peta-<br />nac" translated to English means "Up-River-Boy", Karok traditional<br />names were not given for several years after birth so if the child<br />died at a young age they would not be remembered by name and the<br />grieving would be less. The infant mortality rate for Karok in the<br />late 1800s was not good, at the Federal census of 1910 there were<br />only 775 Karoks living in 200 Karok homes.<br />As a child, Theodore road his pony to the local one room school house<br />and was a quite and good student. He was a quit boy and a very good<br />writer, had excellent penmanship and was well read, he was, however<br />largely self taught, because of his many other obligations. He helped<br />around the house and was diligent in his chores. While the country<br />was celebrating its first centennial, 1876, Ted was 14 years old and<br />had begun his flintknapping apprenticeship with his Karok uncle "Mus-<br />sey-pev-ue-fich" , his mother's brother, whom was a master<br />flintknapper and was considered the village specialist. It was a<br />great honor for Ted to be chosen to such a prestigious mentor (mentor-<br />a wise and trusted counselor) and he practiced when ever he could.<br />The raw material of choice for stone workers in northern California<br />at the time was obsidian. Obsidian is a volcanic, colored glass,<br />usually black, which displays curved lustrous surfaces when<br />fractured. According to Carol Howe (1979) "the amount of control that<br />a skilled workman can exercise over obsidian is amazing. Teodore<br />Orcutt, a Karok Indian, one lived at Red Rock near Dorris,<br />California. He learned the arrowhead maker's art from his father, who<br />was the village specialist. The giant blade in figure 1, now in the<br />Nevada Historical Museum at Reno, Nevada, is an example of his work,<br />though not ancient, it represents the almost lost hertage of an<br />ancient art. Orcutt told Alfred Collier of Klamath Falls that it took<br />years of practice for him to became proficient."<br />While still in his teens he began to master the art of flintknapping.<br />First he learned the percussion method of knapping (Percussion method-<br />the act of creating some implements by controlled impact flake<br />detachment) and after several years he could reduce a fairly large<br />mass of obsidian into a flat plate like biface (biface-a large spear<br />head shaped blank with flake scars covering both faces), he was also<br />becoming more adapt to the pressure flaking techniques with a hand<br />held antler tine compressor (Pressure flaking- a process of forming<br />and sharpening stone by removing surplus material with pushing<br />pressure- in the form of flakes using an antler tine). His<br />arrowheads, spear points and other flint work became quite nice and<br />he began to experiment with eccentric forms and often knapped<br />butterfly, dog, eagles and other zoomorphic (zoomorphic-abstract<br />animal shaped art) and anthropomorphic (anthropomorphic-abstract<br />human shaped art) forms out of fine quality, fancy obsidians provided<br />to him by his uncle. He was also in his teens when he learned the art<br />of bead weaver, brain tanning of hides and arrowsmithing.<br />In 1885, Ted was 23 years old and spend nearly all his time after<br />work flintknapping and crafting traditional Karok items. It was at<br />this age that one morning Ted's uncle told him to get his bed roll as<br />he was now ready to participate in the sacred act of collecting<br />lithic material. This was an honor that Ted had looked forward to for<br />many years and he was very excited. Ted ran back to tell his mother<br />but she was already standing outside with Ted's bed role and some<br />food she had prepared.<br />Their first few lithic collecting trips were to Glass Mountain, near<br />Medicine Lake in eastern Siskiyou County, California. Ted was aware<br />that not only the obsidian collecting was important but the<br />cerimonialism involved in doing so as well. Obsidian mining was<br />something that had been done by hundreds of generations of Karok and<br />it was not to be taken lightly. Before white mining laws came about,<br />Native Americans relied on the concept of "neutral ground", even<br />tribes which were bitter enemies could meet at the obsidian quarries<br />and share knapping and lithic information.<br />As their buckboard wagon arrived at the obsidian outcrop, Ted jumped<br />out of his seat down into the dark damp soil, his boots leaving<br />imprints in the half dried mud, it was early spring and the grass was<br />vibrant green. Black obsidian chips glistened and sparkled all over<br />the land scape. When Mus-su-petafich showed young Ted how to mine and<br />quarry obsidian he first left an offering of tobacco, when he<br />performed lithic reduction (lithic-greek for stone, term most often<br />used in science, reduction-the miners often made preformed artifact<br />blanks to lessen the bulk for transport) Mus-su-petafich drove the<br />obsidian flakes off the core with a soft hammer stone. Large blocks<br />of obsidian were quarried by splitting them off giant boulders with<br />the use of fire. Mus-su-petafich would build a bon fire against the<br />rock. As each flake came off, no matter what the method of<br />extraction, he would set it in a pile and categorized them as his<br />ancestors had and said "this one is for war, this one is for bear,<br />this one is for deer hunting, this one is for trade, this one is for<br />sale". The various piles were kept separate until they were knapped<br />to completion and were all set aside for their original purpose. Mus-<br />su-petafich told Ted why each flake (or spall) had a special purpose<br />based on its form, structure, fracture-ability, texture, hardness and<br />color. There was a different Karok word for each type and variability<br />in the obsidian. Red obsidian was considered ritually poison and<br />these were usually saved for war or revenge, at this time in history<br />many of the customs had changed and Mus-su-petchafich made beautiful<br />points for sale and trade with varieties of obsidian that were once<br />reserved for the kill. There were numerous instances when Mus-su-<br />petchafich had to obtain subsurface, unweathered material, but these<br />were for the most part small pit mines.<br />It took Ted many years of mentoring with his uncle before he began to<br />fully understand the Karok lithic tradition. The two men made<br />thousands of arrowheads, lithic art and traditional Karok costumes<br />and marketed them, not only to traditional Indians but also, to a<br />wealthy eastern clientele. As Ted got older flintknapping became an<br />obsession, nearly all his extra time was spent either collecting<br />extravagant lithic material or flintknapping, in bad whether and at<br />night he would plan his strategy for some lithic challenge he was<br />working on and his quest for every better lithic material began<br />taking him farther and farther from home. Oregon's Glass buttes,<br />Goose Lake, Blue Mt., in Northern California, Battle Mountain<br />Chalcedony in Nevada Opal, agate and jasper from the coastal areas<br />and the inland deserts. On several occasions Ted Orcutt made trips to<br />Wyoming, the Dakotas and many locations in Utah and Idaho where he<br />would find specific lithic materials for special orders. Herb Wynet<br />was Orcutt's traveling partner and "sidekick" on many of these trips<br />and Herb would do all the driving so his friend "Theo" could gaze out<br />the car window at the country-side. Ted could look at the geology and<br />topography of an area if he had been there before or not and give a<br />good prediction, with great accuracy, where the lithic material would<br />be, he was correct nearly every time. On these trips Orcutt kept a<br />list of artifact orders on hand, this way he knew what lithic<br />material to get and what to focus on at his afternoon knapping<br />sessions on the road. In this manor Ted never fell behind on his<br />orders while on his flint hunting adventures. In 1902 Ted moved to<br />Red Rock Valley near Mount Hebron he was now 40 years old and his<br />percussion biface knapping was becoming better than ever. In the<br />earlier years Ted and his uncle had made I name for themselves among<br />the Native Americans in their area by knapping the large White Dear<br />Dance ceremonial blades for the White Deer Dance Rituals, Ted was now<br />challenged by these massive blades and he had a compulsive need to go<br />ever larger and more spectacular using many varieties of flint and<br />obsidian to make ever more elaborate pieces. By 1905, at age 43<br />Orcutt was knapping hundreds of obsidian blades of massive size, his<br />command over the percussion method of knapping was now unrepressed in<br />the history of the world.<br />In 1911 Ted was 49 years old when he got the job of postmaster of the<br />Tecnor post office in Red Rock. It was August of the same year that<br />Ted sat on the wooden bench outside his house and read about Ishi in<br />the local newspaper, the whole thing with Ishi took place only a few<br />miles from Ted's house, curiously, the Hokan language family<br />encompasses both Yahi (Ishi's language) and Karok (Orcutt's<br />language). It was a local joke to Ted people would say "hey Theo, did<br />you hear Mr. Ishi is the last arrow head maker!"<br />Ted was self-educated, read a good deal and by all accounts wrote a<br />good hand. The job as postmaster was taxing and left little idle time<br />to knap stone so in 1926, at the age of 62, he gave up the postmaster<br />job and began hauling mail from Mt. Hebron, at Technor, in Red Rock<br />Valley, first with horse and buggy and later in a Model T Ford, which<br />Ted bought new. During this time Orcutt was knapping more than ever<br />and was selling items through out the eastern United States, Europe<br />and Museums through out the world. He had well received exhibitions<br />at the California State Fair in Sacramento, a permanent display in<br />the Memorial Flower Shop in Woodland, California and he had shipped<br />his points to many hundreds of museums and collectors. He had a claim<br />where he mined obsidian near Wagontire, Eastern Oregon. It was in<br />this period also that Ted's ceremonial blades went from the 30 inch<br />long giants to the 48 inch long monsters that made gave him the<br />title "king of the flintknappers". This same time period Ted took a<br />half ton block of glass Mountain obsidian and carefully and precisely<br />knapped a 48 1/2 inch long ceremonial knife, which was 9 inches wide<br />and only 1-3/4 inch thick. This massive bifaced blade still hold the<br />world record for size, it rests in the Smithsonian Institute, a<br />similar one is in the Nevada Historical Museum at Reno, Nevada. In<br />the Natural History museum in Sacramento there is a massive<br />collection of large Orcutt blades, 176 in all, they are in an old box<br />marked "source unknown". The Southwest Museum in Los Angeles has many<br />Orcutt blades and also some of the White Deer Dance costumes Ted<br />made. As for the 48 inch blade, one witness to the giant blade<br />manufacture heard Ted speak really softly while working on the giant<br />blade, " I get awful nervous when I'm working on this, I'm afraid<br />I'll break it just before I finish."<br />It was not entirely unheard of for a collector to find a giant piece<br />of a broken Orcutt bi-face. In 1983, I worked with Jerry Gates of the<br />U.S. Forest service in Modoc County, in northern, California. My<br />duties included surveys near the huge obsidian deposits at Lava Beds<br />National Park in Lassen, County, California. I observed many chipping<br />site, several were not ancient. One site had both obsidian flake<br />scatters in context with old condensed milk cans, log cabin syrup<br />cans and Prince Albert Tobacco cans. I still recall that the flakes<br />were large percussion thinning flakes that appeared to be from biface<br />reduction and were of an opaque green material. I was told by a local<br />that he thought old sheep herders tried their hand at knapping in the<br />early 1900s, but I had a different theory, I stood over the site,<br />camp fire ring in the center can dump off to the side and reduction<br />type flake refuse and I knew this is where Ted sat, perhaps with his<br />uncle and reduced his preforms for transport back to the Somesbar<br />area where Ted Lived at the time. At another such site I observed my<br />first look at an Orcutt biface, it was just the base, and was a full<br />5 inches wide and an inch thick. The broken piece was 10 inches long<br />and it was evident that it was less than half the piece. Jerry Gates,<br />U.S.F.S. archaeologist in Modoc showed me yet another large fragment<br />that was covered with lake moss, it was about a foot wide, less than<br />an inch thick and about a foot and a half long- it was only a small<br />piece of the mid section. The giant biface fragments were broken<br />during flintknapping procedures. The giant bifacially flaked blades<br />broke, most likely, from the effect of end shock, which is a<br />transverse fracture caused by the obsidian exceeding its' elastic<br />limits, when the impact is made. Failure of the material to rebound<br />and recoil before desired fracture occurs, caused the preforms to<br />snap apart in the center sections. End shock is the reason few<br />knappers can make large percussion bifaces.<br />In May, 1946 Ted was 84 years old he moved to the L.D. Parson's<br />Ranch, Ted still did quite a bit of knapping at the ranch and<br />performed his duties including maintaining, grooming and shoeing the<br />horses. Theodore Orcutt passed away later that year ending the rain<br />of the "king of the flintknappers." Even today at the site of the old<br />Parson's Ranch obsidian erodes silently from the earth where Ted left<br />his waste flakes and stash. Unnoticed boulders of the material set as<br />a silent and forgotten testament to the master Deer Dance Knapper.<br />I have been asked several times in the last 25 years weather<br />flintknapping was actually ever a true lost art. Flintknapping is one<br />of the oldest crafts in the world and it is also one of the most<br />enduring and actually was never lost. Many knappers, both in the<br />Brandon gun flint factories and the reservations of the American<br />Indian, it was never lost, it was interest in it that was lost but<br />not the craft itself. Even the master Ted Orcutt did not leave this<br />world without leaving his knowledge and is rumored to have had<br />several devout students over his live time. One known student of<br />Orcutt was Fred Herzog . Fred met Ted Orcutt in the late 1920s while<br />both were working at Lew Parson's ranch and lumber mill in Oal<br />Valley. According to Fred Herzog (1959) "Teds skill was beyond all<br />imagination as he made points from 2/16 of an inch up to large spear<br />points two feet long." Some speculate that Dr. Don Crabtree, whom<br />knapped in the same style as Orcutt, may have met or at least<br />observed Orcutt at work. Crabtree was known to have lived and worked<br />in the northern California area during Orcutt's later years. Crabtree<br />came to be known as the "Dean of American Flintknapping". Crabtree<br />himself had hundreds of students and some of them are prominent<br />knappers and archaeologists today. It is possible that while watching<br />Crabtree's students we are seeing the Orcutt knapping style as it<br />once was.<br />After Theodore Orcutt passed away several have searched for clues to<br />his legacy. Carol Howe, Eugene Heflin and myself. Eugene wrote a book<br />called Up River Boy, but after Eugene passed away the book was never<br />published. I am still seeking information and if you have any -<br />please let me know. I published an article about Eugene's search for<br />Ted in Indian artifact Magazine in 2001.<br />Brandon knappers . The fog was dense that morning, You could smell<br />the sea, even a good deal inland. An early morning horse and utility<br />wagon made its way noisily up the cobble filled street, breaking the<br />silence with the coming of the dawn. The cobbles here are to die for,<br />cobbles of rich Brandon flint, the envy of the stone age world. The<br />wagon has made this trel each week for thousands of years, Bringing<br />the treasured flint from the mines to the ancient cottage industries<br />of the Brandon flintknappers. In Brandon, England flint mining and<br />flintknapping were still uninterrupted in the 1920s, a legacy that<br />has gone uninterupted for thousands of years. First knapping blades<br />of stone, and then in the more receint past, the gun flint.<br />The king of the Brandon flintknappers was a Mr. Fred Snar. Brandon is<br />a small town 80 miles northeast of London, England. The buildings and<br />structures in Brandon are made of flint and black Brandon flint is<br />considered the best in the world. Fred Snar, the pride of Brandon,<br />was able to balance large boulders of flint on his leather padded<br />knees and effectively decorticate the fine grade black Brandon flint<br />with his six-pound quartering hammer and procure large blades more<br />quickly and effectively than is counterparts. As Fred Snar swung the<br />hammer the black Brandon flint rang like a bell. He was also known to<br />have produced amazing flint art work, including large hollowed out<br />flint chains. Some of these items are curated in the British Museum.<br />According to amateur anthropologist and writer, Ben Ruhe, formally of<br />the U.S.A, now lives in Suffolk County in the south of England, there<br />is still one of Fred Snar's Brandon portages living and working there<br />today. "Picking up a formidably heavy hunk of flint, perhaps sixty<br />pounds in weight, from a large pile in the corner of his dusty shed,<br />Fred Avery sits on a stool and hefts his six-pound quartering hammer.<br />An open door and window supply ventilation. He places a burlap sack<br />on his lap to catch the waste. He aims to reduce the block to<br />workable pieces-"quarters" in the Brandon vernacular. Avery works so<br />fast and rhythmically he is able to manufacture several gunflints in<br />just one minute or so, and is able to sustain this pace for a<br />considerable length of time. At the start of the 1950s, Avery and his<br />father in law, who taught him the trade, worked in the courtyard of<br />the Flintknappers' Pub in Brandon along with others, under contract<br />to the publican Herbert Edwards."<br />After Avery's father-in-law died in 1966, Fred was the last one. At<br />his best Fred Avery was manufacturing 1,000 gun flints a day. John<br />Whitaker was in Britain when I was writing this book, John told me<br />that Fred Avery had died a few years ago, ending the Brandon<br />tradition. A few archaeologists do a little knapping, no known<br />commercial knappers in England. One fellow, John Lord makes a living<br />doing demos and replicas. John went around to schools flintknapping.<br />According to Bob Patten, John Lord was formaly a Warden of Grimes<br />Graves, the aboriginal flint queries at Brandon. He went on to do<br />architectural work with flint.<br />According to D.C. Waldorf; "Fred Avery was the last surviving<br />gunflint maker in Brandon, once home to hundreds of his kind. He<br />knaps part-time as orders drift in from around the world,<br />supplementing his income as a brick layer. Avery has been shaping<br />flints now for 43 years and does it with the understated approach<br />that belies his great skill and the very old techniques he preserves.<br />As the Japanese, who honor their finest folk craftsmen with official<br />designation, would phrase it," he's a holder of intangible cultural<br />properties." England, his home country, is overdue to give him<br />appropriate recognition, journalistic and other, as a living national<br />treasure."<br />According to Ben Ruhe, in a news release published in Vol. 8, No. 3<br />of Chips , Fred Avery died April 24, 1996, "The last of the gunflint<br />knappers in the English town of Brandon, once English headquarters<br />for the trade, has died. Fred Avery, 63 succumbed to liver cancer<br />after a very short illness; he had been working at his daytime trade,<br />bricklaying, only three weeks before his death April 24th. Avery's<br />illness was not associated by doctors with his four decades of<br />knapping, but rather with a long time addiction to smoking.<br />After a Church of England ceremony attended by hundreds of relatives<br />and friends, he was buried in the cemetery at St. Peter's Church in<br />the heart of Brandon, resting place of many hundreds of flintknappers<br />who made the town famous in the 19th century. ( During the Napoleonic<br />Wars, Brandon had the exclusive contract to supply the British Army<br />with gunflints for its muzzleloading rifles and at one point was<br />making several million gunflints a month to supply the demand). A<br />black powder rifle enthusiast who attended the rite fired a salute to<br />Avery with his muzzle loader over Avery's coffin, then placed the<br />once-used flint in the grave."<br />The Man of the Lake. Like Frank Cushing, Halvor L. Skavlem, was also<br />one of the first known white flintknappers in America, he belonged to<br />a pioneer Norwegian family of Southern Wisconsin. At the turn of the<br />last century Indians and artifacts were not uncommon in Halvor's<br />neighborhood, in fact artifacts were numerous. Young Halvor had a<br />very inquisitive mind. He began asking himself how the Indians made<br />these stone tools and utensils.<br />It was in the month of September, 1912, When Mr. Halvor L Skavlem was<br />hunting stone arrow heads and artifacts in the cornfield behind his<br />summer home at Lake Koshkonong. He had done this many times over the<br />years, but on this particular occasion he began asking himself that<br />old question: how were these flint implements made and resharpened.<br />He located a chert cobble and struck it upon a piece of flint , hence<br />discovering to himself the percussion method of flake removal.<br />Halvor L. Skavlem's flint working experiments were published by the<br />Logan Museum in Beloit, Wisconsin. The ideas were put into a text<br />format by Halvor's pupil and portage, Alonzo W. Pond. Mr. Skavlem was<br />still making arrowheads during this period and he was eighty-four<br />years old.<br />In June of 1923, an article called "The Arrow Maker" by Charles D.<br />Stewart was published in the Atlantic Monthly. A flood of protest<br />letters came in on the article. People who collected artifacts at the<br />time did not want "the lost art" revived by Skavlem, for obvious<br />reasons they did not want neofacts mixed in with the ancient<br />collectibles. Mr. Skavlem visited some of the Chippewa Indians in<br />Northern Wisconsin. The Chippewa had no flintknapping tradition left,<br />so he got his gear together and gave a demo and showed them how it<br />was done.<br />At first Halvor picked up flint chips left over from Indian flint<br />reduction sites and tried to chip them with bones. Later he found old<br />cow bones and sharpened them down to a blunt point, he then got an<br />old chopping -block from the wood pile and customized a lap top work<br />bench. He put the bone on the edge of the flint and pressed down and<br />the flint chipped off nicely. He turned the arrowhead over and did<br />the same on the other side, giving it a toothed effect. Halvor made<br />thousands of flint items in his lifetime; turtles, fish hooks, arrow<br />heads, animals, ax heads, celts, and so on. He also was very much in<br />deep thought while doing his flaking. Halvor understood the theories<br />of the conchoidal fracture, Hertzian cone, lithic geology. LEAKY-<br />AFRICA: For many of my generation, it was the fabulous National<br />Geographic specials that forged out interest in archaeology and<br />flintknapping. It was a large gray haired man with a South African<br />acfcent and a Britsh Leland Land Rover. It was Dr. Luis Leaky. Dr<br />Leaky was born near Nairobi, Kenya. His parents were missionaries<br />there in Kenya and young Louis grew up along side children of the<br />Kkuyu tribe. He learned early the knowledge of primative skills,<br />including flint working. Dr. Leakey went to cambridge University,<br />majoring in Anthropology. Leaky landed a job on an international<br />archaeological mission to Tanzia as soon as he graduated. Luis<br />Married Mary in 1936. During WWII Leaky was a spy. It was 1949 when<br />Leaky discovered the first Proconsul skull, a missing link. Dr. Leaky<br />did many television specials for National Geographic and often<br />incruded flintknapping and use of the stine tools. Dr. Luis Leaky<br />died at age 69 of a heart attack.<br />CRABTREE, the Dean; Modern flintknapping was actually popularized by<br />Don Crabtree, often referred to as "the Dean of American<br />flintknapping". He was born June 8, 1912, in Heyburn, Idaho.<br />According to Harvey L. Hughett of the University of Idaho: Don spent<br />his early youth in Salmon, Idaho where he first became interested in<br />Indians and their tools. His mother would have him run errands for<br />the next-door neighbor and as a reward this woman would give Don an<br />arrowhead which her husband had gathered. Young Don became fascinated<br />with these tools and even at this early age began to wonder why and<br />how they were made. There were, at this time, many Indians in Salmon.<br />Thanks to Harvey Hughett, at the University of Idaho, whom is now<br />curator of the Don Crabtree Lithic Collection, we now know much more<br />about Don Crabtree's childhood. I spoke to Mr. Hughett a few in<br />October of 1999 (Val Waldorf had no problem either) he gave me<br />permission to quote his copyright article on Don Crabtree in Chips<br />Vol. 11, No.3, 1999.: "Young Don became fascinated with these tools<br />and even at this early age began to wonder why and how they were<br />made. There were, at this time, many Indians in Salmon. Their custom<br />was to sit flat on the sidewalk with their legs stretched in front of<br />them. Don found it great fun to jump over their legs and to talk with<br />them, for which he was severely reprimanded by his mother.<br />When Don was six, his Family moved to Twin Falls. This was desert<br />country and Don spent most of his time hunting for artifacts, Indian<br />campsites and building his collection of Indian tools. The family's<br />home was just a stone's through from the Snake River Canyon and Don<br />spent every possible moment hunting in the canyon, collecting from<br />campsites and caves and adding to his collection. He also collected<br />obsidian flakes and began to try to reproduce the artifacts. This<br />meant more trips to the canyon for knapping material. Soon, young<br />Crabtree had gathered a fairly large collection of artifacts and his<br />interest in experimenting with different stones and methods of<br />manufacture to achieve replication increased. He tried many<br />approaches to holding and applying force but with little success and<br />much failure. After interviewing many local Indians, he was<br />disappointed that he was unable to learn anything of how these<br />fascinating artifacts were made. Flintknapping was essentially a lost<br />art even at the time.<br />Don was constantly in trouble with his father for being away from<br />home so much, for the many cuts on his hands and the permanent<br />bloodstains on his clothing. He received many reprimands for coming<br />home after dark. Even this did not cure him of his quest for<br />knowledge of the Native Americans and their tools. At one point, his<br />father became so disgusted with Don spending so much time knapping he<br />offered to pay him $100.00 if he would promise never to make another<br />arrowhead. Don wanted a bicycle and a gun so badly that he considered<br />this offer for some time. However, the love of Indian lore won and he<br />told his father that he could not give up his attempts to make tools<br />as the Indians had.<br />In the late 1930's he was supervisor of the Vertebrate and<br />Invertebrate Laboratory at the University of California at Berkley,<br />this is also where Ishi's artifacts are curated. Also, Ted Orcutt<br />still lived not far to the North. Crabtree also worked in the<br />Anthropology lab with the well known Anthropologist Alfred Krueber,<br />whom was Ishi's friend and caretaker at the museum a few short years<br />before. According to Dr. Errett Callahan (1979), following a<br />flintworking demonstration at a meeting of the American Association<br />of Museums in Ohio, in 1941, Crabtree was employed at the Ohio State<br />Lithic Laboratory with H. Holmes Ellis and Henry Shertrone. He was<br />also advisor in Lithic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania and<br />the Smithsonian Institution's museum.<br />During world war II, Crabtree was coordinating Engineer with<br />Bethlehem Steel in California. Between 1952 and 1962, he was County<br />Supervisor with the U.S.D.A in Twin Falls, Idaho. In 1962 and 1975,<br />Crabtree was research associate in lithic technology at the Idaho<br />State Museum in Pocatello."<br />Not only was Crabtree a master flintknapper and an inspirational<br />flintknapper , he was also an expert on the theoretical aspect of<br />stone tool studies. Crabtree published papers on replicative<br />flintworking and other aspects of lithic studies in such publications<br />as:<br />"American Antiquity" (1939,1968), "Current Anthropology"<br />(1969), "Science" (1968,1970), "Curator" (1970), "Tebiwa" (1964,<br />1966, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1973,1974), and "Lithic Technology" (1975).<br />Crabtree's textbook, "An Introduction to Flintworking", was the main<br />publication readily available from 1972 on. The Crabtree book,<br />although 26 years old, is still a classic and is one of the most<br />referenced books in lithic studies today. The book is easy to read<br />and is full of excellent drawings and text. The book is available<br />through the Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University,<br />Pocatello, Idaho. They also have republished Crabtree's articles,<br />papers, and videos, his articles are better than ours decades later.<br />Crabtree was featured in many archaeological films in his day, many<br />were shown around the world in class rooms from elementary school to<br />doctoral classes. These films influence many up and coming<br />flintknappers. The film "Blades and Pressure Flaking" (1969) won best<br />anthropology film at the 1970 American Film Festival.<br />In 1972, the Idaho Museum of Natural History received a grant from<br />the National Science Foundation for the production of several 16mm<br />films featuring the legendary flintknapper. Just a few years ago<br />these films were dubbed onto VHS video tape and made available to the<br />public through Idaho Museum Publications. Though faded somewhat, this<br />footage still maintains its detail and shows Don Crabtree at his<br />best. In the Shadow of Man , Don is shown quarrying obsidian at Glass<br />Buttes in Oregon. The Flintworker discusses the basics of<br />flintknapping, stone tools are made using simple percussion<br />techniques, and the Hertzian cone theory is introduced. Ancient<br />Projectile Points covers the making of bifacial points. The hunter's<br />Edge covers prismatic blade making. The Alchemy of Time concerns heat<br />treating, and the manufacture of Clovis, Folsom and Cumberland<br />points. In 1978, Crabtree had open heart surgery with stone tools.<br />The blades Crabtree made were so sharp that Crabtree's doctor agreed<br />to use them on him after seeing how sharp they were. The first<br />surgery one of Crabtrees's Ribs and a lung section were removed, an<br />18 inch cut. Crabtree's stone tools were so sharp that there was<br />hardly a scar.<br />Don Crabtree flintknapped all types of artifacts including fluted<br />Folsom , parallel flaking, chevron flaking, notching, blade making<br />and even Ted Orcutt style large obsidian biface points. His large<br />points were very similar to Orcutts , some were so thin that they<br />looked like dinner plates, his obsidian arrow points were very<br />similar to those he helped to curate in Berkley made by Ishi.<br />While working agate Crabtree noticed that his had a satiny texture<br />and the Indian arrowheads out of the same material were like opal.<br />After much experimentation he rediscovered heat treating of flint<br />materials to improve knapping quality.<br />In the later part of his life Crabtree traveled the world meeting and<br />flintknapping with each nations leaders in lithic fields of endeavor<br />and really opened the door for all of us. During this time<br />flintknapping saw its heyday, "knap-ins", lithic conferences and<br />publications. Sort of what what is happening now but with the<br />academics.<br />Don Crabtree, Dean of American flintknappers, died on November 16,<br />1980 from complications of heart disease, within six months of<br />Francois Bordes . When Bordes and Crabtree passed away the 1970's<br />academic flintknapping heyday passed away with Them. THE PALEO<br />KNAPPERS : The Late Don Crabtree, of southern Idaho, is considered to<br />be the "Dean of American Flintknapping" not only for his fine<br />publications, but also for the vast amount of important information<br />he uncovered in a life devoted to the study of stone tools. Don was<br />most probably the first flintknapper in thousands of years to flute a<br />Folsom point, as early as 1941 Crabtree was employed at the Lithic<br />Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania and the prestigious<br />Smithsonian Institution. He had experimented with fluting in the<br />1930s but became quite famous for his studies into the Lindenmier<br />Folsom in 1966 . Don Crabtree passed away on November 16, 1980.<br />Jeffery Flenniken and Gene Titmus, students of Crabtree carried on<br />the studies and are still considered to be among the best<br />flintknappers in the world. In Texas, The late J.B. Sollberger was<br />considered the master of Folsom and learned on his own to create<br />masterful fluted points with a methodology involving the use of the<br />fulcrum and lever . J.B.s replicas were beautifully crafted out of<br />the finest of Texas flints. Again part of the Sollberger legacy is<br />the vast amount of published works and theories that he pioneered.<br />J.B. passed away on May, 7th 1995. In the Southern United States two<br />knappers of quite diverse back grounds were also working on the<br />Folsom mystery: D.C. Waldorf of Missouri and Errett Callahan of<br />Virginia. Waldorf crafted his replicas in a large part to sell in the<br />commercial market place, and sold them as replicas, but also to<br />research the Folsom technologies for books he would later write and<br />market. One of Waldorf's books, The Art of Flintknapping, sold over<br />40,000 copies. Waldorf is still active in both flintknapping and the<br />study of fluted point technologies and he and his wife, Val, publish<br />a magazine called Chips that is devoted to flintknapping. Callahan<br />also worked and studied in a social vacuum in the 1960s, but he had<br />the advantage of academia behind him, yet in those days the published<br />material was both sparse and, to a large degree, incorrect. Callahan<br />went on to publish perhaps the most important paper written to date<br />on fluted point studies, The Basics of Biface Knapping in the Eastern<br />Fluted Point Tradition. In the American Southwest Circa the mid to<br />late 1960s, the new Folsom age was being revised by two additional<br />notable experimentalists, Bob Patten, of Lakewood, Colorado and Bruce<br />Bradley of Tucson, Arizona. Bruce Bradley worked closely with<br />Crabtree and Sollberger as well as French flintknapper Francois<br />Bordes. Once Bruce Bradley's knapping skills were well honed he began<br />working with some of the world's best known Paleo-archaeologists;<br />George Frison, Vance Haynes, Rob Bonnichson and Dennis Stanford of<br />the Smithsonian Institute. In 1980 Bruce Bradley was involved with<br />these scientists in a PBS Odyssey television special called Seeking<br />The First Americans. In this now classic film Bruce Bradley knapped<br />two paleo type points. Bradley also participated in "Clovis and<br />beyond" and continues his involvement in lithic research. Bob Patten<br />learned the high plains paleo tradition and became a master of<br />creating Folsom points out of tough unheated lithic materials. Ten<br />Years after Bruce Bradley appeared on the Odyssey special, Bob Patten<br />was featured crafting a fluted Clovis point in the PBS television<br />special- NOVA: Search For the First Americans, and like the Odyssey<br />special ten years before, the film featured Dennis Stanford and Vance<br />Haynes. Nearly a decade after the film Bob published a book on his<br />flintknapping methodologies called Old Stones New Eyes. Bob is often<br />seen around the country conducting Flintknapping demonstrations at<br />archaeological meetings and was recently featured at "Clovis and<br />Beyond" and "The Folsom Workshop" . Most of the knappers today are<br />not part of the 1960s experimentalism movement, the new field of<br />thought is as "lithic art" and the points are created not with<br />aboriginal methods that add to the data base of experimental<br />archaeology, but with lapidary equipment, they contribute very little<br />to the study of stone tools or ancient artifact studies. The Folsom<br />fluted lanceolate point was named by J.D. Figgins in 1934 after<br />Folsom, New Mexico. According to the American Museum of Natural<br />History the first Folsom point was discovered near Folsom, New Mexico<br />on September 1, 1927 on a joint expedition by archaeologists from the<br />American Museum of Natural History and the Denver Museum of Natural<br />History. This small fluted dart or spear point stands among the most<br />important archaeological finds ever made on this continent. This<br />artifact is now displayed in a cast of the bones of an ancient<br />extinct bison in which it was embedded, thus re-creating the context<br />in which it was found by members of that original expedition. Folsom<br />points tend to date between 10,000 BC to 8,000 BC. Folsom points have<br />a large geographic range within the Americas. Folsom points are<br />characterized by their short lanceolate basic form, concave base and<br />long flute extending on both faces from base, or proximal end, toward<br />the tip, or distal end, of the point. The purpose of the flute has<br />long been the subject of great controversy. Some have postulated that<br />the flute is an artistic element and may represent a flame and others<br />feel it has a functional purpose and was for blood letting from the<br />wound of their prey, thus causing the prey to bleed and weaken and<br />leave a trail for the hunter to fallow. others feel it is simply a<br />hafting technique where the split shaft nicely fits into the fluted<br />channel. What-ever the purpose, it seems to have evolved and been<br />accentuated from the older Clovis points that were also fluted from<br />the base, or proximal end. According to Michael Waters (1999), from<br />Texas A&M University, archaeologists: in the early 1950s artifacts,<br />later to become known as Clovis, were found beneath the Folsom<br />cultural horizon at Blackwater Draw, near Clovis, New Mexico and were<br />later carbon dated to nearly 13,359 BP. Clovis appears to have<br />highbred, or evolved into Folsom and the point made more stream-lined<br />and the flute improved and accentuated, the technology changing with<br />hunting technologies that were closely intertwined with the available<br />game.<br />According to Paleo specialist, Bob Patten, of Lakewood, Colorado<br />(1999) when mammoths went extinct, spear points went through a re-<br />engineering, from the large Clovis to a more delicate form dominated<br />by the central flute scar. Instead of the mammoth the new quarry was<br />Bison Antiquus, a larger and more formidable game than the modern<br />bison.Even with the past few decades of Paleo point replication<br />studies the true production methodology is not completely understood.<br />According to Patten "it is likely that it will be some time before we<br />can say we know with assurance how Folsom points were made". Patten<br />prefers a method known as the rocker punch method. Patten's response<br />to the aboriginal flute method is this "My answer is that aboriginal<br />flute flake scars have distinctive attributes of flatness, rippling,<br />thickness, and so on. The rocker punch method seems to most closely<br />match original results" (Patten, 1999). At this time in<br />archaeological circles the theories on the first peoples of the New<br />World have been changing, rather than crossing the Bering land bridge<br />from northeast Asia to Alaska theories, they have come up with<br />theories of "paleo-notical", a Paleo ocean migration from Europe<br />along the edge of the polar ice cap into the northern most tip of<br />North America. Clovis-like Solutrean projectile points found in<br />Europe help support this hypothesis . If Clovis man indeed came to<br />the New World by boat, then it is my theory that the fluted point<br />technology was originally one that came from stone age harpoon tips.<br />In Alaska there is a fluted point type known as the Dorset point<br />which is characterized by two precise flutes or harpoon end blades<br />removed from the tip or distal end of this small flint triangular<br />harpoon point type. These paleo-eskimo points were part of a<br />specialized material culture based on northern marine exploitation<br />(Renouf, 1991) The first big game brought down by fluted points was<br />possibly not Pleistocene mega-fauna but large sea mammals, and the<br />altatl may have first been a harpoon launcher and later adapted to<br />land use as a spear thrower.<br />The Gray Ghosts of Gustine by Joyce Ann Harwood. It was a warm day in<br />Gustine, Texas, a small town in Comanche County. It was 1949 but in<br />Gustine it could have been 1849, a town know for rodeo and cowboys, a<br />town of only 584 acres and less than a person per acre. It was a<br />quit, sunny, summer day . A slight breeze had come up as Bryan<br />Reinhardt, a large, burly German, clean shaven, World War Two Vet<br />with tattoos on his forearms, was polished up for the day and heading<br />to town. Taking the trash out of the back porch on the way out, he<br />tells his wife he'll be back in an hour or so. He checks his receipt<br />and his wallet as he pulls his keys out of his pocket and climes into<br />his truck. He pulled up in front of the hardware store in a nearby<br />town, excited at what he knew would change his life. As he passed<br />through the front door a tiny bell on the upper frame alerted the<br />proprietor of his entrance. "I know what yer here fer Bryan, It's out<br />back" They two men made small town small talk as they shuffled into<br />to the poorly light musty back room. The proprietor pulled on a tied<br />together string with frayed ends, a hanging light bulb with no shade<br />brightened up the room. Recently swept wooded floor, slatted wooden<br />shelves on either side. There, half cover in the shadow of the<br />shelving resting on an old oak pallet, was a large cardboard box with<br />the image of a lapidary saw. Bryan suppressed the excitement, he was<br />not the kind to express emotion. "Yup, that's the One," said Bryan.<br />The Clerk asked Bryan what he plans on doing with the saw and Bryan<br />replies, `cuttin' some stone". The two men load the saw in the back<br />of the pick up and off he went into the history of modern<br />flintknapping lore.<br />Bryan Reinhardt had developed a method of mass producing large flint<br />spear points, none under nine inches long, (known by collectors as<br />Gray Ghosts, for the color of the flint he used) with the use of a<br />rock saw and complex lever flaker (fulcrum and lever). Reinhardt<br />quarried and processed 100s of tons of gray Edward's Plateau chert.<br />Armed with a crowbar, shovel and wooden creates Bryan would quarry<br />material, drive it back to his home in Gustine, slab it and trim it<br />on his lapidary saw. In the yard of his nicely kept middle class<br />ranch house Reinhardt had an old fashioned trailer, with a wooden<br />addition. In this trailer was his lapidary shop, the place where gray<br />ghost blanks were cut and trimmed. Out behind the house, on the back<br />1/4 acre were several huge flint piles, a chest high pile of rejected<br />slab cutoffs, a couple truck loads worth, a supply of raw flint, and<br />a giant debitage pile of waste flakes, this testified to by Callahan.<br />Several years later Charlie Shewey flew over that part of Texas in a<br />plane he was piloting and confirmed the flint piles, they were plenty<br />large enough to see from the air.<br />Once he had the slabs cut and trimmed he would heat treat the<br />material to the point that the flakes would remove with less effort<br />but not enough to make them too brittle for the next stage of<br />reduction. For the actual "flintknapping" stages, Bryan removed the<br />first stage of conchoidal flakes, this was done with an elaborate jig<br />set up. The jig was an elaborate set of holes and pins that allowed<br />Bryan to apply fulcrum and lever pressure at any angle and from any<br />direction to any size or shape piece of flint. The edging was done<br />with micro-lever and shearing techniques. This gave the early Gray<br />Ghosts their characteristic steep margin double bevels.<br />Eventually Bryan had several saws buzzing and once, and piles of<br />waste flakes accumulated daily, hence the massive debitage dumps. .<br />His production was so successful he sold his flint work by the gross.<br />Bryan began making good money, in the 1960s he was getting paid 25<br />cents an inch. According to Dr. John Whittaker (1999) , archaeologist<br />and flintknapping historian, " the lore among Texas knappers is that<br />Reinhardt only sold in orders of 10,000 inches, (to dealers) at a<br />dollar per inch, and demanded payment in gold coins." Ads could be<br />seen in the classified sections of lapidary journals, and The<br />Farmer's Almanac for "ceremonial spear points" and most gift shops<br />along Route 66 were fat with them. It is estimated that Bryan<br />Reinhardt produced nearly one hundred thousand Gray Ghosts from 1950<br />to 1982. There is a Gray Ghost in nearly every collection of lithic<br />art in the World. Charlie Shewey, world renowned arrowhead collector,<br />collected dozens of Gray Ghosts, and even befriended Bryan Reinhardt<br />and purchased his best work. In the Shewey collection is one Gray<br />Ghost point over 23 inches long.<br />Bryan Reinhardt had been a loner up through the 1960s, until he met<br />three other knappers that had sought him out. It was the late 1960s<br />when Errett Callahan, (a young graduate student from Virginia at the<br />time) J.B. Sollberger (the father of Texas flintknapping), and Norman<br />Jefferson (then a student of Callahan) ventured into Gustine to meet<br />Reinhardt. At first Reinhardt denied being a flintknapper, and told<br />the three men that he was simple a rock collector. The three wise men<br />went into Reinhardt's living room and he was quit pleasant. On the<br />walls in his home Reinhardt had dozens of magazine photos, each with<br />images of artifacts, the articles claimed the items were authentic,<br />but Reinhardt's, after finely admitting he was a knapper, insisted he<br />had made them all. Even though he admitted that he was a knapper he<br />never divulged his methodologies. Reinhardt had moved, and his old<br />house was down street and around the block, Callahan and Sollberger,<br />went and explored Reinhardt's previous dwelling and found massive<br />amounts of debitage there. Sollberger, having experimented with<br />fulcrum and lever methods, new immediately upon inspecting the<br />debitage how the Gray Ghosts had been made, fulcrum and lever. Slab<br />cut-offs were a dead giveaway as to lap-knapping (Callahan 2000).<br />Callahan and Sollberger were very interested in Reinhardt's knapping<br />as they could relate it to possible applications into prehistoric<br />knapping technologies. Also, Reinhardt took an interest in the<br />knapping styles of Sollberger and Callahan and after there<br />acquaintance Reinhardt's knapping products had a more traditional<br />look. True Gray Ghost collectors can see 3 distinct phases of<br />Reinhardt's work:<br />1. His early years are very angular.<br />2. After meeting Sollberger and Callahan, a more traditional look.<br />3. After meeting two later knappers, Nelson and Warren, a more<br />patterned and eccentric<br />phase.<br />Callahan and Sollberger met with Reinhardt off and on for several<br />years and kept in touch by mail. Then Reinhardt, perhaps in fear of<br />being arrested, became reclusive to the point of chasing Sollberger<br />and Callahan off with a shot gun. The two men waited around and on<br />Sunday morning Reinhardt went off to church, while he was gone the<br />two men got a good look around the Reinhardt place, this when the<br />first site of the "new home" debitage and cut off plies. Callahan was<br />even able to secure some photos of this (Callahan 2000). On an<br />earlier visit Callahan was out in the front yard with Reinhardt and<br />the sheriff pulled up in his jeep, Callahan was sure that this was<br />the end for the Gray Ghost, when the officer opened the tail gate and<br />dumped a load of flint in Reinhardt's front yard. "Those German's<br />stuck together" said Callahan of the occurrence. Callahan and<br />Sollberger had traveled 142.7 miles from Dallas to Gustine several<br />times, but this was the last trip. A few years later Callahan<br />received a Christmas card from Reinhardt stating he had been reborn,<br />and he was sorry for his behavior, Callahan phoned Reinhardt and told<br />him he never understood why he did that, Callahan had been<br />Reinhardt's only advocate. In the mid to late 1970s Bryan befriended<br />two other "lapidary- flintknappers", Larry Nelson of Ironton,<br />Missouri and Richard Warren of Llano, Texas. Warren, was inspired by<br />Reinhardt, and later would produce a great many Gray Ghost type<br />points himself. Warren's Ghosts were of black novaculite. According<br />to Charlie Shewey, Warren's father-in-law was a wet stone miner and<br />was able to provide him with perfect slabs for knapping. Warren<br />learned the basics of knapping years earlier by Larry Nelson, a world<br />class traditional knapper whom had a graduate degree in engineering<br />from the University of Denver. 0rginally Warren would make the blanks<br />and Nelson would finish them, much like a micro-factory or cottage<br />industry, similar to what is speculated to have transpired by<br />prehistoric Danish Dagger knappers. Warren was latter known as the<br />founder of "teliolithics" or art knapping. Art knapping involves not<br />only slabbing the flint and heating, as Reinhardt did, but taking the<br />next step of power diamond grinding the shape and contour of the<br />point. The only thing left to do is a final series of pattern flakes.<br />Warren, an ex -Navy man, was going to be a doctor like his brother<br />but dropped out in his final year to pursue knapping (Shewey 1999).<br />According to Dr. John Whittaker (1999) Jim Hopper, who was largely<br />responsible for spreading "lap-knapping" (short for lapidary<br />knapping) among the early Fort Osage knappers, Hopper was inspired by<br />Richard Warren. Warren also inspired two traditional Virginian<br />knappers; Errett Callahan (considered the father of modern stone<br />knife making) and Scott Silsby whom were responsible for the<br />popularity of early pattern flaked knifes, they were the first to<br />perfect the Warren style on hafted blades. Jack Cresson a traditional<br />knapper from Moorestown, New Jersey credits Silsby for spreading art-<br />knapping through the eastern United States, and notes that Silsby<br />refereed to lap-knapping as "cheat and chip". But Callahan's Piltdown<br />Productions catalog gave pattern flaked knives a world wide exposure.<br />Callahan went on to show that pattern flaked knives could be<br />accomplished without modern tools and later began a traditional<br />knapping movement.<br />While Silsby and Callahan turned Warren style points into knives, a<br />southern knapper was fluting the Warren style points. Steve Behrnes,<br />an acquaintance of J.B. Sollberger, from Baton Rouge, Louisiana had<br />created a steel jig that could flute the wafer thin Warrens without<br />breaking them. Steve eaked out a fair living knapping at his old<br />style Cajun home. Jim Hopper, Steve Behrnes and Richard Warren met at<br />Warren's place in 1992, within two weeks of the meeting Warren<br />reportedly shot himself to death, however there were rumors that he<br />moved to a ranch his wife inherited in Calgary, Canada. A few rumors<br />of Warren and his wife sightings in Winnipeg have also been noted<br />(Did they see Elvis there too?).<br />According to John Whittaker, he met a man named Charles McGee, McGee<br />had an "arrowhead making jig", McGee told John that before W.W.II<br />McGee had been friends with another lever jig knapper, it turned out<br />to be Bryan Rhinehardt. The Jig is quite elaborate and has a hinged<br />lever and movable holding pins. It is obvious a lot of thinking went<br />into these machines.<br />Robert Blue of Studio City, California was inspired by a collection<br />of Reinhardt's points , Reinhardt had been long dead but Blue did<br />find fellow Gray Ghost collector, Charlie Shewey in Missouri. Robert<br />offered to buy all of Shewey's Gray Ghosts and Richard Warren points<br />and that money was no object. Charlie refused Blue's offer, but<br />directed Robert to Richard Warren. After Robert bought a fair number<br />of points, Warren shared some of his secrets with Robert Blue and<br />introduced him to Jim Hopper, whom Warren had taught. Jim Hopper and<br />Robert Blue became good friends and Robert became very good at art<br />knapping. Barney DeSimone, couched Robert through his early years of<br />knapping. Later Robert inspired Barney to return somewhat to lapidary<br />knapping. It was Robert Blue that taught Ray Harwood to knap in the<br />lever style of Reinhardt, Ray produced dozens of "Raynish Daggers"<br />with the lever flaker. The Raynish Daggers were simply slab points in<br />the form of 10 inch Danish Daggers ("2-D daggers" -not 3<br />dimensional). These were what Callahan called the ugliest Danish<br />Daggers he had ever seen. After Robert's death and some prompting<br />from DeSimone and Callahan, Harwood returned to traditional<br />flintknapping. One interesting bit of knapping lore I overheard at a<br />knap in goes like this:" Steve Behenes had invented this steel<br />fluting jig that could flute supper this preforms. Steve was close to<br />Robert Blue at the time and he sent Robert a thin Folsom and the<br />detatched flutes, Robery returned the detached flute -and he had<br />fluted them ! Knapper, Billy Joe Sheldon a slab knapper from Folsom,<br />New Mexico has produced a video on the lapidary method of<br />flintknapping and he is really good. Many California knappers that I<br />know have adapted his methods. Sheldon's methods intail using the<br />Ishi stick as a lever on one's leg and slab knapping on a bench.<br />Back in the 1970s Reinhardt, Warren and Nelson shared ideas and<br />Bryan's work showed some change, some fancy pieces and a bit more of<br />a traditional looking work product. But even then when a man<br />commented to Bryan that his work did not look like "Indian points" ,<br />Bryan Replied; " I'm note trying to make Indian points, I make<br />Reinhardt points!" It was true, Bryan, in inventing and producing the<br />Edward's Plateau Gray Ghosts had not only invented a new point type<br />and a new craft style, he would change the face of flintknapping<br />forever. Bryan Reinhardt passed away in 1982 from either emphysema or<br />cancer, but the legendary flintworker of Gustine and his Gray Ghosts<br />will live on forever.<br />THE COLLECTOR:Another of the earlier flintknappers, a southerner, was<br />that of Charley Shewey. Charley is perhaps the leading collector of<br />modern flint artifacts in the world. Back in the late 1970s and early<br />1980s I can remember hearing stories of the legendary collector of<br />flint art. Born July 18th, 1911, in a wild cowboy town in Oklahoma,<br />Charlie was no stranger to Indian lore. Back in 1917 Charlie Shewey<br />found an arrowhead out on the farm. He wondered how it was made and<br />did some experimenting with his grandfather. Then in 1923, when<br />Charley was 12 years of age he witnessed a Boy Scout Master making a<br />flint arrowhead with deer antler tines. Charlie learned to knap with<br />the pressure method and got quite good. Then, after many decades of<br />knapping and collecting Charlie found a copy of D.C. Waldorf's 1975<br />1st edition The Art Of Flintknapping. After reading Waldorf's book<br />and eventually meeting him, Charlie got heavier into flintknapping<br />and produced master quality large flint bifaces and fluted points.<br />Charlie was the man responsible for bringing Waldorf together with<br />George Ekland. Waldorf was apt at percussion and Ekland was apt at<br />pressure. One day in Waldorf's old travel trailer the three met met<br />and it was like a stand off, Ekland jealus of Waldorf and Waldorf<br />Jealous of Ekland. Charlie told me once that Waldorf's books was all<br />wrong at first, Charlie went over it with him and after that Waldorf<br />produced the Second edition. Still considered an expert on stone<br />tools and flintknapping, but retired from actual knapping, now at<br />nearly 90 years old Charlie Shewey is considered an intricate part of<br />modern flintknapping history and a living flintknapping legend.<br />Archaeologists, collectors and most certainly flintknappers owe a<br />great deal to Charlie Shewey. I t was he, in the 1960s, that obtained<br />the authentic Ishi points that were cast by Peter Bostrom's Lithic<br />Casting Lab, and therefore made available to all. Charle was a pilot,<br />Army trained, and he had the job in the 1960s, of flying people<br />around the country. On one trip to California's bay area charlie made<br />the trade of his life. In one trip he ended up with 4 Ishi points and<br />and one Ishi knife.<br />THE TEXAS MASTER; In the states of Texas was a long lean bloke, it<br />wasn't Johnny Smoke, it was paleo flintknapping pioneer, J.B.<br />Sollberger. I was aquatinted with Mr. Sollberger and know that he was<br />a true master flintknapper and influence to hundreds.<br />Though they were contemporary, Carabtree and Texan, J.B. Sollberger<br />spurred on two separate schools of thought. Crabtree the obsidian<br />school and Sollberger the Texas flint school. Though both are<br />flintknapping, the methodology is very different.<br />In the realm of thought and mental visualization, deep in the mind is<br />the perfect visualization or pure idea, the mental template. For most<br />craftsmen by the time this idea becomes a piece of work it has lost a<br />bit of perfection. On rare occasion it is manifested in a piece of<br />art work, this was the case with the magnificent flintwork of J.B.<br />Sollberger, of Dallas, Texas.<br />Sollberger was a true flintknapping pioneer and a legend in his time.<br />Not only was Sollberger a master knapper, he was truly a gentleman<br />and humble as well. He was very analytical with his theoretical<br />papers and articles being the best in the field. His literary works<br />were of the highest quality where he published in many journals<br />including American Antiquity, Lithic Technology, Flintknappers'<br />Exchange, Flintknapping Digest, and The Emic Perspective.<br />J.B. Sollberger started flintknapping when he was middle aged, some<br />time around 1970. He always had a curiosity about knapping but didn't<br />get the "lithic erg" until he observed a scrapper making<br />demonstration at the 1970 Dallas Archaeological Society meetings.<br />Ironically Don Crabtree came to Dallas to the meetings but J.B.<br />Sollberger had to work so he missed the opportunity to meet Crabtree.<br />The next week he tried to make up for it buy going on his first flint<br />hunt and ordering Crabtrees book. Upon reading this, Sollberger got a<br />basic tool kit together and began experimenting.<br />Sollberger recalled seeing a forked stick in a museum in Texas as a<br />boy and began experimenting with his famous "fork and lever" knapping<br />style. Sollberger was very successful in his experiments and was soon<br />making fine arrow heads with his rig.<br />According to Sollberger (1978) " back in 1933 I suppose, we were just<br />boy artifact collectors. We made this trip to San Antone to see the<br />Witte Museum and inside they had a forked stick a little over a foot<br />long with something like 3/4 of an inch gap between the two forks. It<br />struck me that pressure flaking could be done with leverage by laying<br />the biface material across this forked stick and using the fork as a<br />fulcrum for a lever".<br />In 1990, John Wellman spoke to Solly and said that Solly was really<br />interested in the East Wenatchee Site in Washington and he had made<br />several large fluted points including an eight inch Cumberland he had<br />spend eight hours preparing and fluted off the tip. This was really<br />advanced work for the year and to me Sollberger's work remains<br />unsurpassed.<br />Bob Vernon, an old time Texas knapper once conveyed this story about<br />Sollberger to me: " If any of you ever had the privilege of sitting<br />alongside Solly at a small knapping session, you'll remember his dry,<br />but gentle, humor. Like the times when he would say, " That platform<br />looks a like a strong `un- guess I better drag out ol' "he-poppa-ho"<br />(his mega-moose billet)."<br />Almost all Sollberger's work was in flint or chert, I have only seen<br />one item made by Sollberger of obsidian. The obsidian point is in the<br />collection of Steve Carter, a master flintknapper from Ramona,<br />California. The obsidian point was very nice and very delicate, this<br />shows the diversity in craftsmanship Sollberger had. The last time I<br />spoke to J.B. Sollberger he was crafting a set of masterful flint<br />Folsom points out of Texas flint. He had made quite a few thousand<br />points in his time and was using 1,000 pounds of flint a year. Even<br />when Sollberger was quite old he continued being very active in<br />knapping and writing. In a letter from Sollberger to Steve Behrnes<br />Sollberger described this incredible expedience, " My house, on<br />Monday nights, is known as the Sollberger Clovis Factory. Joe Miller<br />and Woody Blackwell made Tee Shirts to that name which we often wear.<br />Dr. Ericson, David Hartig,Gene Stapleton, Jess Nichols, are regulars<br />who concentrate on fluting." J.B. Sollberger died on Sunday, May 7 at<br />Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas from emphysema. He was 80<br />years old. Many rumors have surfaced in the years after his death,<br />that Solly died of silicosis, this is simply untrue. According to the<br />Dallas Morning News, Solly donated his collection to the University<br />of Texas, where they will be used for study. In my collection I have<br />several Sollberger points, the one that is my favorite has written on<br />it "to my friend Ray Harwood from J.B. Sollberger," I use that point<br />as inspiration for my own knapping.<br />The Thinking Man: One of the most knowledgeable and talented<br />flintknappers of our time was a Virginia Flintknapper, whom has<br />influenced hundreds, if not thousands, Errett Callahan. We can sit<br />and wonder where Callahan came from and why he was such an influence.<br />The answer is this, Callahan came into knapping with a great deal of<br />skill, intellegence and strength, at a time when a whole new<br />generation of archaeologists were coming out of the old school with a<br />lot of questions. Crabtree had just released his book and was bumping<br />out students by the bus load. Archaeology was hungry and Callahan was<br />just what the doctor ordered. He had fresh ideas and an uncanning<br />knapping ability intertwined the craft and theory like no one before<br />or since.<br />In 1956, just out of high school, Errett spent the summer in<br />Yellowstone National Park working at the Old Faithful general store.<br />He was exposed to a lot of history at the park and had access to<br />obsidian, this gave him the start he needed and he began knapping<br />seriously then and has been doing it full steam ever since, later<br />combining his early grinding methods as part of his flaking strategy.<br />It started on a trip out when he was waiting for the train in<br />Montana. He went into a local library and found a book on various<br />point types. He was fascinated by this and it sort of plugged some<br />into his memory. In his spare time he would try to duplicate these,<br />using small pieces of obsidian and bottle glass and guided only by<br />the flintknapping picture in Holling's book. It was another 10 years<br />before Errett realized that there were other people flintknapping. Up<br />until then he thought he was the only one.<br />Errett read more and more of Bordes's works and met him several<br />times. Francois Bordes stayed at Callahan's house for several days in<br />1977. Bordes, as Errett, was inspired by Edgar Rice Burroughs and he<br />published numerous science fiction novels. Callahan, as a college<br />student, had once been assigned to be Bordes's escort to a knapping<br />demonstration sponsored by the Anthropology department in D.C. for<br />the Leaky Foundation lectures. In 1977 Bordes spent four days<br />knapping there in Richmond. Bordes had plenty of money to visit the<br />U.S.A. because not only was he a master flintknapper and Europe's<br />leading archaeologist, but also one of the most popular science<br />fiction writers in France. According to Callahan Bordes wrote dozens<br />of novels under the pen name of Franci Carsac. Callahan was<br />influenced quite a bit by Bordes. At the same time Errett was also<br />reading the works of Don Crabtree. Errett was Fascinated by Crabtree,<br />they met in Calgary in 1974 and Crabtree gradually became a heavy<br />influence on Errett's knapping. J.B. Sollberger was another major<br />influence and led Errett to bigger and better things than he could<br />have without that input. Gene Titmus of Idaho, a friend of Crabtree<br />was also a major influence on Callahan, mostly his notching and<br />serrating techniques. Errett stayed in close contact with Gene for<br />many years, Gene a master knapper of percussion and, like Don, about<br />the nicest and humblest guy he'd ever met.<br />Some other overseas influences on Errett were Jacques Pelegrin and Bo<br />Madsen. Pelegrin had been Bordes number one student in France,<br />working under him for years. Pelgrin first trained with Bordes over<br />six summers, for three weeks each summer. Pelegrin worked with a<br />hardwood billit, which he learned to use from Bordes's friend in<br />Paris, Jacques Tixier, whom was one of the Masters of flintworking of<br />the time. Pelegrin became very good with boxwood. Jacques Pelegrin's<br />father built a cottage in the French woods, here Jacques reflected on<br />archaeological concepts and flintknapping. At this time, in the<br />1970s, Pilegrin was writing a bit back and forth to Master Don<br />Crabtree in the USA and Jacques had begun to read and interprit<br />Crabtree's publications. Pelegrin did public flintknapping<br />demonstations in the Archeodrome, which is on the main road between<br />Beaune and Lyon, France. He is concidered one of the best<br />flintknappers in the world. Pelegrin and Bordes learned English<br />together and spend years flintknapping together and learning, master<br />and student became knapping partners. Jacques Pelgrin went through<br />almost all the Paleolthic French technologies while learning his<br />craft- Levallois, blade making, different kinds of Paleolithic tools,<br />different kinds of flint cores, and leave points, including Solutrean<br />pressure material. It is an interesting fact that Pelegrin learned to<br />flintknap standing up and only changes after his first exposure to<br />other knappers and text.<br />Bo Madsen is Denmark's premier flintknapper, a grand- master of the<br />Danish art. Madison is an expert on Danish lithics and earned his<br />Ph.D. at Arhus in Jutland, Denmark. Madsen's dagger research<br />influenced Callahan greatly and this spread to America and in this<br />era many knappers were attempting dagger production: Waldorf, Patten,<br />Stafford, Flenniken and Callahan in particular. Errett spend a good<br />deal of time in the 1970s in Scandinavia and returned again in August<br />of 1984. Madsen had moved over to the University of Arhus and was<br />teaching a talented portage, Peter Vemming Hansenat at the University<br />of Copenhagen, the two had co-wrote and published a paper on the<br />replication of square- sectioned axes. While in Scandinavia Callahan<br />gave several flintknapping workshops sponsored by the Archaeological<br />Institute of the University of Uppsala, Sweden, he was assisted by Bo<br />Madsen and Dr. Debbie Olausson. According to Callahan, the Copenhagen<br />area has several talented non-academic knappers as well Thorbjorn<br />Peterson, Asel Jorgensen, and Soren Moses.<br />In later years Errett's biggest influence was Richard Warren. Richard<br />was completely underground and out of contact for most of his<br />knapping life, he became a lapidary knapper that had an exclusive<br />clientele. Richard Warren's work was incredibly precise, much more<br />than anyone at the time thought was possible. Errett had to<br />reconstruct the Warren technique entirely from scratch. Richard<br />Warren showed Errett one important thing- perfection is possible- and<br />that's all he needed to know. Richard Warren died a few years ago,<br />Warren's curiosity was to know what could be done with flint if<br />someone picks up where the best stone age knappers abandoned the<br />craft for metal technology or extinction. In short Richard's quest<br />was for knapping for the sake of art-perfection, by any means<br />possible. Richard used the term "Teleolithics" to describe what we<br />now call lapidary knapping, flake over grinding (lap-knapping). After<br />Hannus' colon operation, in 1983, for which Errett made the obsidian<br />blades used in the surgery and observed the entire operation, two of<br />Callahan's students decided to start a company with him to market<br />these blades to the medical community. The one who was supposed to do<br />the marketing dropped out and little became of " Aztecnics".<br />Errett markets his obsidian art through "Piltdown Productions" in<br />Virginia. Callahan is best known for his published work The Basics Of<br />Biface Knapping In The Eastern Fluted Point Tradition A Manual For<br />Flintknappers And Lithic Analysts. This was published in Archaeology<br />Of North America, . He has also published many other books and<br />articles. Including: "Flintknappers' exchange" (the original<br />journal), "The Emic Perspective" and "Flintknapping Digest". The<br />Basics Of Biface knapping In The Eastern Fluted Point Tradition was<br />the single most influential lithic book ever written.<br />The Callahan biface book is Vol. 7, No. 1 of the journal Archaeology<br />Of Eastern North America. The book introduced many new techniques for<br />the study of stone tools, for standard and experimental archaeology.<br />The concepts, "the lithic grade scale, and biface staging, are widely<br />used in flintknapping circles to the point the most new knappers<br />didn't even know these concepts were fairly new and discovered by<br />Callahan.<br />As Crabtree before him Callahan was the only living flintknapper with<br />the confidence to have major surgery done with stone tools he crafted<br />himself. According to the news release on December 9th, 1998, Errett<br />Callahan had major surgery done to repair his right rotator cuff<br />tendon. The two hour landmark operation was done by Dr. Jay Hopkins<br />of Blue Ridge Orthopedics at Lynchburg General Hospital. Callahan's<br />rotor cuff tendon had become completely torn off the top of his<br />humerus bone and had to be extensively reworked. Dr Hopkins said that<br />it was as bad a tear as he had ever witnessed. All incisions were<br />made with Callahan's obsidian scalpels. Dr. Hopkins, after performing<br />the operation, was impressed with the great reduction of bleeding in<br />the initial incisions and states: I used the obsidian blade for a<br />shoulder operation and found them quite satisfactory. They performed<br />very much like a scalpel and the bleeding with the first cut through<br />the skin was minimal. Healing appears to be very much normal, if not<br />accelerated.<br />Errett Callahan was founder and president of the Society of Primitive<br />Technology for many years . The Society is an international<br />organization devoted to the preservation of a wide range of primitive<br />technologies. The SPT preserves and promotes this knowledge<br />principally by means of a remarkable magazine, the Bulletin of<br />Primitive Technology. Errett has now retired from his editor and<br />chief and president but he will stay an active member. For more<br />information contact Society of Primitive Technology, P.O. Box 905,<br />Rexburg, Id 83440. The Bulletin is now being edited and produced by<br />Primitive skills expert David Wescott. At this time Errett Callahan<br />is in the midst of writing a major book on flintknapping - everything<br />he knows...and he knows a lot..The book is going to focus a on Danish<br />Daggers. The book is addressed to both the archaeologist and<br />flintknapper a like. This book is a 20-year research project in which<br />200 daggers were replicated. The research was funded by a grant from<br />the King of Sweden and by Uppsala University. Callahan is cowritting<br />the book with Jan Apel, a PhD student at Uppsala and fellow<br />flintknapper. The new book will do for daggers what his biface book<br />did for that field. Callahan is also working on a book on<br />experimental archaeology.<br />Callahan still puts on his week long classes at Cliff Side on<br />flintknapping, traditional archery, primitive pottery, lithic<br />analysis, and more. Bob Verrey, a former student and long time<br />flintknapper, archaeologist and supplier of knapping tools offers a<br />scholarship to the school but it is very competitive. .<br />Bruce Bradley was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and raised in Lansing<br />Michigan. He spent as much time as he could in the woods and Bruce<br />remembers knocking rocks together even as a toddler, he even has this<br />on film. In the mid 1960s Bruce's family moved the desert near<br />Tucson, Arizona. Bruce began exploring the Arizona desert and began<br />finding artifacts. As soon as he was able he enrolled at the<br />University of Arizona as an anthropology student. In 1969 Bruce was<br />fortunate to have the chance and work with Don Crabtree, Francois<br />Bordes and Jacques Tixier. Here is Bruce Bradley's account of when he<br />spent a whole semester with master French flintknapper Francois<br />Bordes: "Francois Bordes spent a whole semester at U of A in spring<br />1970; he and I spend every spare moment knapping in a little room on<br />the ground floor of the Anthro building. I still don't know why, but<br />he and I hit it off extremely well (pun intended). Our temperaments<br />were absolute opposites. I was born with patience (in knapping) and a<br />high threshold of frustration. When something went wrong and I<br />screwed up I would, for the most part, shrug my shoulders, toss the<br />offending pieces over my shoulder and quietly begin over. On the<br />other hand, Francois was a "power knapper" and what he lacked in<br />finesse he made up for in sheer force. You can imagine how this<br />worked with brittle obsidian; an almost unbroken string of<br />obscenities would waft out of that little room and bounce around the<br />halls of the Anthro. building. One of Francois' favorite sayings<br />was, "Flint, she is a woman, obsidian, she is a whore"'. I learned<br />how to swear in 14 languages! This is a skill I seldom employ, but on<br />rare occasions I can still be heard mumbling some of these colorful,<br />if unintelligible, phrases."<br />WALDORF and the Fued.:The man who wrote the book that introduced<br />thousands to the craft of flintworking was D.C. Waldorf, the book was<br />The Art Of Flintknapping. This book details the craft from the<br />acquisition of the stone, heat treating, reduction and bifacing. The<br />book highlights the sequencing developed by Callahan and reviews also<br />Calahan's lithic grade scale, which classifies flint like materials<br />by the degree of force necessary to detach flakes. The Waldorf book<br />is full of great photos and line drawings done by the talented Val<br />Waldorf , the spouse of the author. The Art Of Flintknapping is a<br />true classic. Waldorf, as Callahan did several years ealier, became<br />fasinated with knapping Danish Daggers. He eventually went to<br />Denmark, on Mike Stafford's bill, and studied daggers there with<br />Stafford. Mike was best known for his work with John Whittaker but he<br />actually seams to have been influenced by Callahan. Stafford, it is<br />said, was wet grinding a dagger in the bathroom at the Callahan home<br />at Cliff Side, the water from this indeavor soaked into the wooden<br />slats of the floor and ruined them. Later the pollitical climat<br />between Waldorf and Callahan became fridged, and the two men hated<br />each other and Stanford denied any dagger influence from Callahan.<br />Originally, Waldorf and Callahan were friends and colleages. The two<br />main stories of why the two camps seperated are these: First, many<br />say that both men were trying to start a knapping guild and each had<br />different ideas and supporters. The second story is that when Waldorf<br />started making Daggers he did not want compition from Callahan, so he<br />isolated him from the mainstream knapping community he controlled<br />through CHIPS. Callahan even sent Waldorf a $100.00 piece offering,<br />Waldorf sent the money back. Waldorf said later, he does not except<br />brown nosing. Another attribute of The Art Of Flintknapping was it<br />introduced the world to two of the southern United States premier<br />flintknappers, Waldorf himself and the master percussion knapper, Jim<br />Spears.<br />Jim Spears, the knapper that pioneered modern theory of isolated<br />platforms for large Cado blade thinning, was born September 5th,<br />1942, and had been interested in artifacts and stone tools all of his<br />life. . When Jim got out of the Navy he inquired around about<br />knapping and eventually saw a man using a beer can, or bear bottle<br />opener to pressure flake the edges of spalls, it was a twisting<br />motion. This discovery fascinated Jim, but before long he discovered<br />that a deer antler and dolomite hammerstones were the way to go. Jim<br />moved to Noel in 1965 and made his first flint point around 1966, he<br />has made over ten thousand points since. When Jim would get off work<br />at a trailer making company, he would go out in the woods and knapp.<br />After many years and many tons of flint he became one of the best<br />flintknappers of all time, his large, thin, patterned percussion<br />blades of colorful flint are masterful and each is a work of<br />art. "Jim pieces" as they are affectionately called by collectors,<br />fetch a handsome price. The largest noviculite point ever made was<br />a `Jim peace" and was 20 inches long, and was unheated.<br />It was Francois Bordes that realy put flintknapping on the world map.<br />Bordes was internationally known for having studied and recreating<br />ancient stone tools from 12,000 years ago. Bordes duplicated some 63<br />tool types. Bordes made over 100,000 stone tools in his life. He was<br />Born in France in 1919. Bordes was director of the Labratory of<br />Quarternary Geology and History at the University of Bordeaux,<br />France. Bordes concluded that there were four Neanderthal cultures<br />based on stone tool assembleges.<br />Francois Bordes was an accomplished felow. He wrote many books which<br />include the Old Stone Age and A Tale Of Two Caves. He wrote several<br />books and many articles under the "pen name" Francis Carsac. Bordes<br />was a hot tempered fellow, with a massive brain and bank account to<br />match, he often visited America and his friends; Don Crabtree, Errett<br />Callahan and Bruce Bradely. Francois Bordes died on April 30th, 1981<br />while lecturing at the University of Arizona at Tuson.<br />The story of modern California knapping. I met Jeannie Binning at the<br />1984 NARC knap in. Jeannie one of the better knappers, and is most<br />likely the best female flintknapper in the world , She is now an<br />instructor at U.C. Riverside. This is where she got her Ph.D..<br />Jeannie was born and raised in southern California and got her BA<br />degree and Cal. State Northrige while working at NARC. Jeannie<br />Binning is a master at knapping obsidian and true to her instructors,<br />Don Crabtree and later Jeffery Flenniken, she is excellent at<br />knapping large wide obsidian bifaced blades. Jeannie was told me the<br />story of when she first went to the Crabtree Flintknapping Field<br />School in Idaho. She and some other students arrived at the little<br />airport and some old guy came and picked the up in some old jalopy,<br />the guy was nice enough and rather unassuming. It wasn't until they<br />were at their destination that she learned the old guy was" the dean<br />of American flintknapping", Don Crabtree. She told me that when Don<br />was teaching her some technique and he cut his hand. he was on blood<br />thinners for his heart condition and blood was squirting everywhere ,<br />but he kept on knapping, he was intent on teaching me. Jeannie has<br />been to many of the Field Schools, first as a student then as an<br />assistant.<br />Paul Hellweg, a fellow Army Tanker. Paul, likes to specialise in<br />ground stone axe manufacture, and he is quite good at it. He was<br />actually a Crabtree and Flenniken Student, but went over to the<br />servival camp when he got a job teaching it at C.S.U.N. where I first<br />met him in the early 1980s. Paul wrote some nice articles for the<br />Flintknapping Digest in 1984 and published a book on knapping the<br />same year, Flintknapping, The Art of Making Stone Tools that has sold<br />over 50,000 copies. Hellweg has also writen many other books and is<br />doing quite well financially. I attented a week long Callahan school<br />with him in the summer and and he appears to be thinking of redoing<br />his book and becomming more active in the knapping world.<br />San Diego, California was a hot bed of really good knappers in the<br />early 1970s, it sprung from a visit from Sollberger sometime in that<br />era. Only Steve Carter remains of that group. Navodne (Rod) Reiner,<br />another California sad story , Rod was one of the San Diego<br />flintknappers that Steve Carter hung around with in the 1970s. Like<br />Steve, Rod was a really good flintknapper, all traditional, and good<br />person. Rod did a lot of knapping and made nice pieces of lithic art<br />but was also interested in the experimental aspect as well. Rod came<br />up with the two man fluting technique; Reiner gripped the biface in<br />his left hand, held it down tightly against his thigh, while his<br />right hand used the full weight of his body from the shoulder to bear<br />down on the flaking tool. Then, to this he added a little more force<br />by using a second person to deliver a light tapping blow to the end<br />of the pressure flaker with a mallet. Reiner stated that the mallet<br />strikes just at the instant that the pressure flake is pressed off.<br />With Rod's method both constant pressure and a releasing percussion<br />impact a nice flute is detached. Rod, whom was also at the Little<br />Lake knap-in was a very good knapper and a big influence on Steve<br />Carter, but Rod was killed early on in a hunting accident. Chris<br />Hardacker was another, he just faded into the woodwork, I saw him<br />working as a digger for Jeannie Binning at one of her digs in the<br />middle 1980s.<br />In the mid 1970s flintknapping was really popular in University<br />archaeology departments around the world. Inspired by Francois Bordes<br />in France, Don Crabtree in Idaho, Robert Patten in Colorado, D.C.<br />Waldorf and Jim Spears in Missouri, Errett Callahan in Virginia and<br />J.B. Sollberger in Texas.<br />The knappers were in contact with each other but there was a high<br />degree of frustration over a lack of continuity and organization, no<br />medium existed for their use. The idea of a flintknapping<br />publication, for and by flintknappers, was born. Errett Callahan<br />realized that many useful ideas and suggestions which were being<br />exchanged between flintknappers, through the mail, could not be<br />shared with other knappers because there were no means for publishing<br />the information. What brought the whole thing to a head was realizing<br />the sense of frustration which J.B. Sollberger expressed in one of<br />his letters to Errett Callahan. Sollbergers letters were typically<br />packed with both practical and theoretical knowledge Solly had gained<br />from years of experience. Without any link to the academic arena of<br />the mid 1970s, it was very unlikely that J.B. Sollberger would have<br />ever gotten his ideas in print. Callahan suspected that if this was<br />true with J.B. Sollberger than it must be true for hundreds of<br />flintknappers around the world as well. What was needed to midigate<br />this problem was an informal means of getting the flintknappers ideas<br />into print. Without the hassles of formal writing and the<br />gratification of not having to wait long periods of time to get into<br />print, if it ever shows up at all. The idea came together and Volume<br />1, Number 1 of the Flintknappers' Exchange came to be on January<br />1978. The new journal had a very journalistic nature, more than dry<br />and academic. Without being amateurish. It was printed and mailed out<br />3 times a year at a cost of $2.00 per issue. It was edited by Errett<br />Callahan and Jacquelin Nichols and published by Atchitson Inc. The<br />technical editorial board included : Callahan, Flenniken, Patten,<br />Patterson, Sollberger, Titmus and a California kanpper named Chris<br />Hardaker. Hardaker was also production assistant. Later Penelope<br />Katson was managing<br />editor. The journal was great it launched the first knap-ins and<br />introduced the stars and theories of modern flintknapping. The<br />journal lasted almost four years and ended, without warning, with<br />Volume 4, Number 2 in the summer of 1981.<br />After the close of the Flintknappers' Exchange in 1981, there was a<br />void for two years. Communication among flintknappers slowed to a<br />stop. In 1984 at the knap-in at the Northridge Archaeological<br />Research Center I was talking about the need for a newsletter to Clay<br />Singer and Terry Frederick, they suggested I do it, well I had<br />dyslexia, couldn't type and had no money, okay! Alton Safford,<br />Jeannie Binning and Joe Dabill encouraged as well. I couldn't get<br />anyone to help me with the project so I did it myself. I started work<br />on the first issue, all the words were misspelled, the grammar was<br />just as bad, I cut and past the cover. I wanted to call it the<br />Flintknappers' Monthly but I couldn't find those words in the old<br />NARC newsletters so I got close with "FLintknapping Digest" and cut<br />and pasted it on the cover. I used the address list in the old<br />Flintknappers' Exchange at the end of each article to find the<br />knappers. It worked I began to get a flood of mail about it. It was<br />really amateurish and I got a lot of flak, but everybody who got it<br />loved it. Clay Singer said "it has a folksy, underground publication<br />look" . In any case it got better with each issue. I remember asking<br />J.B. Sollberger to write an article for me and he got really mad. He<br />said that I was just trying to associate with his name to gain fame<br />and make the newsletter sell better , I was unaffected and said yes,<br />so do I get the article? We got along fine after that and I did get<br />the article, I think he trusted me to tell the truth after that. He<br />even made me some fluted points. The "J.B." in J.B. Sollberger is<br />rumored to stand for "John the Baptist" . So you see with a<br />reputation like that truth means a lot. I was amazed that the little<br />newsletter was doing so well, my mom was too, she never thought such<br />a weird newsletter would work. I was 24 years old when I started the<br />newsletter and didn't have a whole lot else going, it was great, I<br />met all my flintknapping heroes. One day I got a letter from D.C.<br />Waldorf and he was asking about something, I can't remember, but he<br />referred to the Flintknapping Digest as "The Digest", I put the<br />letter in the next issue and from then on that's what everyone called<br />it. Even now I see it referenced to time and again and it is almost<br />always given its affectionate name "The Digest" it gave knappers a<br />worm and fuzzy feel, like an old dog that you had when you were a<br />kid. Even old dogs pass on, and in the late 1980s, even with Val<br />Waldorf's help, I couldn't do it anymore. After some coaxing the<br />waldorf's took pity on me and took the newsletter over. They gave it<br />a face lift and a new name "Chips" .<br />One of the articles published in 1981 in the Flintknappers' Exchange<br />really woke up the worlds' flintknappers to a real danger. Jeffery<br />Kalin of Norwalk, CT. wrote Flintknapping and Silicosis. The article<br />shows how knappers that inhale dangerous dust can die early. More<br />people wore dust masks than ever, at least for a couple weeks. Terry<br />Frederick wrote in a letter stating Sears and Roebuck carries<br />respirators. According to the American Antiquity article " The main<br />academic lithic journal in the United States, Lithic Technology, had<br />some 300 subscribers in 1997, according to the editor, George Odell.<br />Many of these are lithic analysts rather than knappers, but many<br />knap, at least at some level, and many academic knappers are not<br />subscribers. The newsletter Flinknappers' Exchange, which ran from<br />1979 to 1981 and was oriented toward archaeologically involved<br />knappers, had some 700 subscribers, according to Errett Callahan, one<br />of the editors. Perhaps 300 to 500 is a reasonable conservative<br />estimate of the number of academic knappers in the United States. The<br />authors of the American Antiquity article did not think Flintknapping<br />Digest was important enough to include in their article, but it had<br />at one time, nearly 600 subscribers. At one point I published The<br />Stone Age Yellow Pages with a list of all the know knappers, this was<br />also not good enough for the article. According to the article, "<br />Between 1991 and 1994, Jeff Behrnes edited a second flintknapping<br />newsletter aimed at non-archaeological knappers, The Flintknapper's<br />Exchange, and compiled a list of over 1,300 names, mostly knappers<br />with some related craftsmen and small business. The current<br />newsletter, Chips, has around 1,200 subscribers, according to D.C.<br />and Val Waldorf . The Bulletin of Primitive Technology recently<br />reached 2,907 subscribers, while many of them are more interested in<br />other pursuits, Callahan feels that most of the knap.<br />The internet has really put a new twist on the knapping world.<br />Richard Sanchez, A knapper from Texas, led the way with his Flint<br />Forum an online "list" or interactive newsletter. Sanchez, along with<br />a very few others, helped fight the cyber knappers against fraud and<br />other unethical practices Sanchez, who was inspired to knap by his<br />father-in-law, was also a computor wiz. Compining his two passions<br />Sanchez started the "cyber-silca" revalution. He began two popular on-<br />line news platforms one "The Flint Forum List" and later The Tarp<br />List" . These lists insired others to get into the field. Richard<br />does not play around with glass, obsidian or labidary and stays on<br />track with traditional Texas flintknapping in the Sollberger<br />tradition od bifacing with antler billet off isolated platforms.<br />Richard is what modern traditional knapping is all about.<br />THE CRABTREE STUDENTS: Many think of Flenniken as Crabtree's first<br />student, but Rob Bonnichson was the first student to work with<br />Crabtree for an extended period. Bonnichsen worked with Crabtree<br />longer than any other American lithics student. Crabtree's teaching<br />method was simple, Crabtree flintknapped and his students watched.<br />Taws in 1968 when Bonnichson got a graduate research assistantship<br />for him to spend a year in southern Idaho working with master<br />craftsman, Don Crabtree. Rob Bonnichson, back in the 1960s and 1970s<br />was knapping 2 tons of rock a year and producing tens of thousands of<br />artifacts. His material being mostly ignimbrite and obsidian, bur he<br />did have a lot of expense with cherts as well. Rob Bonnichsen became<br />in charge of the Dept. of Anthropology, Institute for Quaternary<br />Research at the University of Maine in Orono. It was Rob that had a<br />lot to do with the forming of the Mammoth Trumpet, a newspaper for<br />the study of ancient man. He put a bit of information about the<br />Flintknapping Digest out in the Mammoth Trumpet and helped me get me<br />on my feet in the early 1980s. A few years later I received a letter<br />from my old friend, Hugo Nami, a flintknapper and archaeologist from<br />Argentina, Hugo had been visited by Bonnchson there and had sent me<br />some really nice photos of them.<br />Jeffery Flenniken took over the flintknapping field school started by<br />Don Crabtree in 1968. Flenniken has conducted the school since the<br />death of Crabtree. The school was moved to the scenic environment of<br />the Sawtooth National Forest of central Idaho. The school was offered<br />through the Department of Anthropology, Washington State University.<br />Each student had to be a graduate student and entrance was based upon<br />a letter of interest, vita, and three letters of recommendation.<br />Callahan also ran a school that was open to all interested adults of<br />any level of experience.<br />Flenniken was born on May 20th, 1949. He received his B.A. degree<br />from the University of Arkansas and his M.A. from WSU. He gas had<br />papers published in the Plains Anthropologist (1974), Journal of<br />Field Archaeology(1975), and American Antiquity(1978).<br />In the mid 1970s Flenniken went and gave a flintknapping demo and<br />researched lithics a the Institute at Leningrad, then in the USSR.<br />There he worked with Dr. S.A. Semenov. Dr. Semenov was the father of<br />functional analysis of stone tools which revolutionized contemporary<br />archaeology. In December of 1978 Dr. Semenoff died of a heart attack<br />leaving the lithic studies department at the University of Leningrad<br />to Dr. Korokova, a previous student of Seminov's. Flenniken had quite<br />an effect of the USSR and flintknapping experimentation increased.<br />This experience was documented in National Geographic, Vol. 156, No.<br />3, Sept 1979.<br />Flenniken toyed with stone tool manufacture when he was very young<br />but actually got into it in high school. Like everyone, Flenniken<br />thought he was the only person in the world attempting flintknapping.<br />Like Crabtree and Jeannie Binning Flenniken did most of his reduction<br />thinning on bifaces with flat hammerstones. Flenniken used copper<br />pressure flakers as well as antler and justified this, Archaeologist<br />Ritchie, in New York, excavated some copper pressure flakers in some<br />early Archaic archaeological sites. He uses 2 to 3 tons of obsidian a<br />year and his production of artifacts is in the tens of thousands. He<br />has crafted everything from the smallest micro-blades to massive<br />bifaces and uses mostly obsidian. Flenniken was best known for his<br />approach to studying artifacts through a replication system he called<br />replicative systems analysis, he applied this in his American<br />Antiquity article Lindenmier Folsom. Flenniken's replicative systems<br />analysis involves replication of the entire lithic system from<br />inception to deposition: selection of raw materials, heat treatment,<br />reduction, hafting, function, and deposition. He had also applied<br />this to the vein quartz artifacts from the Hoko River site, and a<br />hafted microlith site on the Northwest Coast.<br />An interesting beginning to a talk about Gene Titmus would be a quote<br />from his friend Jeffery Flenniken, April 8, 1979: "In terms of sheer<br />talent as craftsmen and superiority in actual flintknapping<br />techniques, I think Gene Titmus and Don Crabtree are each better than<br />any one person has been in all of prehistory".<br />Gene Titmus was a power plant operator at Swan Falls, Idaho. When he<br />had free time he did a lot of knapping. He was exposed to artifacts<br />and archaeology at an early age in southern Idaho. He was raised in<br />the canyon of the Snake River at Shashone Falls. He used to find<br />arrowheads in the area from time to time. Titmus didn't begin<br />knapping until he got out of the service. He still found arrow heads<br />around and one day he decided to give knapping a try. Titmus met<br />Crabtree about a year later. Crabtree wanted Titmus to develop his<br />own style so he tried not to be a big influence on him. Titmus has a<br />holding method that is quite unique as is his pressure flaking<br />method. Living near Crabtree and Bonnichson, Titmus was exposed to<br />similar raw material ; ignimbrite and obsidian. According to Errett<br />Callahan " His Folsoms, prismatic pressure blades, parallel flaking,<br />and eccentrics (dubbed "Titmus lace" by his friends) are second to<br />none". The last few years Gene Titmus has been working on several<br />projects in South America wirh Don Wood.<br />Another of Don Crabtree's students that made a significant<br />contribution to flintknapping history was that of John Fagan. John<br />Fagan has has a major archaeology-lithics business in Oregon and been<br />flintknapping for 40 years. He began at the age of 10 years old. He<br />was interested in Indians as a child his grandfather how the Indians<br />went about removing the flake to create these artifacts. John's<br />father told him that they heated the stone and dropped cold water on<br />them to remove the flakes. His first experiments using the water<br />dripping method were performed on top of the wood burning stove in<br />the kitchen, it was unsuccessful, I remember trying it once and a<br />piece of exploding obsidian embedded in my kitchen roof. John, not<br />doubting his grandfather, assumed that something was wrong with his<br />prehistoric technique and continued to use his father's metal hammer<br />to break up obsidian into small chunks and flakes. He selected thin<br />straight flakes and pressure flaked them with nails. When he was 15<br />years old John met a man named Oscar Dobins who used deer antler and<br />pressure flaked on the palm of his hand which was protected with a<br />leather pad. This technique was more effective and John still uses it<br />today for pressure flaking small points. John Fagan's first 10 years<br />of stone working were essentially on his own with only an occasional<br />meeting with another knapper. In 1973, John Fagan attended the<br />Crabtree Flintknapping field school. Don Crabtree and his students<br />taught him more about flintknapping in a few weeks than he was able<br />to pick up on his own in 19 years. John went on to get his Ph.D. and<br />has influenced many modern flintknappers. The most prominent of<br />Fagan's students is that of Graig Ratzat. Graig attended monthly<br />sessions with Fagan and later with Errett Callahan. Graig eventually<br />started his own business called " Neo Lithics" from which he sells<br />excellent quality obsidian, master level lithic art and two videos he<br />has produces Caught Knapping and Lap Knapping. Graig has also<br />followed his master instructors Fagan and Callahan and holds a field<br />school of his own at Glass Buttes.<br />Since attending college John Fagan has focused on archaeological<br />issues and experimental archaeology and used both flintknapping and<br />experimental replication in his analysis and interpretation of<br />archaeological sites and artifacts. His dissertation gave him an<br />opportunity to use his knapping experiments in the analysis of<br />artifacts from 12 sites that he tested as part of his doctoral<br />project at the University of Oregon.<br />John lives in Portland, Oregon, he does most of his flintknapping on<br />weekends, in his back yard. He obtains his obsidian from Glass Butte<br />and agate and chert from road cuts and agate mines on the Columbia<br />River near Bigg's Junction, Oregon. John prefers non-obsidian but<br />does not have ready access to flint, chert ect. Fagan has used stone<br />and bone tools to conduct several experiments and he is impressed at<br />how effective they are. Recent experiments include: building a<br />chinook style plank house made of cedar logs and split planks with<br />stone, bone, antler and wooden tools. This project was done at a<br />State Park with several volunteers over a 3 year period. He has spent<br />years conducting experiments on fluting in an effort to understand<br />and replicate Clovis points from a site he worked on in south-central<br />Oregon. One summer John worked with Kim Akerman replicating 50<br />Lindenmeir Folsom points. John Fagan knaps about 10 hours a week in<br />the summer and about 1o hours a month in the winter.<br />Bob Patten has been flintknapping for nearly 40 years and is self<br />taught. He uses as close to aboriginal methods as possible. He has<br />just released a book where he shares his extensive knowledge in a<br />concise, yet comprehensive, overview of flintknapping. He clearly<br />explains the principles and concepts required to make stone tools.<br />According to Dr. James Dixon, Denver Museum of Natural history-<br />archaeologist, "Old tools-New Eyes is the best book of its type I<br />have had the pleasure to read. Bob is one of North America's greatest<br />flintknappers." Bob's book contains these concepts on ; Appreciate<br />early tool making skills, Link appearance of an artifact with the way<br />it was made, understand and control fracture, receive detailed<br />instructions on how to make arrowheads, learn how classic artifact<br />types were made , view 200 carefully prepared illustrations and<br />acquire fresh ideas and novel viewpoints.<br />The biggest influence on Bob Patten's knapping was Indian artifacts.<br />At first, he tried to copy them by referring to standard typology<br />based on shapes. It wasn't long though before he got hooked on<br />tracing out the whole start-to-finish process. When Bob got access to<br />collections of workshop debitage through the Smithsonian Institution<br />his progress really took off. Since then, he has come to think that<br />only a few minor shifts in technology are responsible for the whole<br />range of paleo-style points. Bob also thought that it may not take<br />that much skill to match paleo-indian work. The trick is to focus<br />less on the end results and more on how you get there.<br />Many years ago Bob heard Don Crabtree remark that many areas of the<br />world lacked large antlered animals, so there must be different tools<br />which serve as well as antler to explain the artifacts which were<br />being found. Since that time, Bob has found that it is possible to do<br />the same things with many kinds of tools if one understands the<br />mechanics involved. Part of his work involves finding out how many<br />tools can create the same effect.<br />Bob patten's style of percussion work is very relaxed. Instead of<br />supporting the preform on his leg, he keeps his work as loose in his<br />left hand as is possible. He also swings his baton very loosely. He<br />has a strong preference for working against individually prepared<br />striking platforms. Even when he is pressure flaking, he usually uses<br />a copper "nibbler" to set up spur platforms.Most of Bob Patten's<br />pressure work is done with unhafted antler tines. He usually works in<br />a sitting position with his left hand on top of his leg and works the<br />tine with wrist and arm action. The exception has been when he uses a<br />table block for Eden flaking.<br />Ginsberg. It was March 8th through 15th, 1978 the African elephant<br />from John Wayne's movie "Hatari" died in Boston's Franklin Park Zoo.<br />In the name of science a team of archaeologists headed by Dennis<br />Stanford, Curator of Archaeology at the Smithsonian Museum of natural<br />History, on an experimental butchering of the 6,000 pound animal with<br />stone tools.<br />Ginsberg, the elephant, died of a cerebral hematoma, brought on by a<br />broken leg. Her body was transported to the National zoological<br />park's research station in front Royal, Virginia.<br />Errett Callahan tested out a wide variety of Clovis hafting systems,<br />achieving 8 to 10 inch penetration in non-frozen, non-boney areas.<br />Callahan also tested out Clovis bifaces in all stages of manufacture<br />during skinning and butchering. Errett's hafted Clovis points proved<br />to be among the most efficient of all the butchering tools made use<br />of during the Ginsburg experiment.<br />Rob Bonnichson conducted bone fracture experiments after Ginsberg's<br />leg bone was exposed. The periosteum, a membrane tissue, was scraped<br />off the bone so it would break more easily. Bonnichson lifted a<br />twenty -one pound stone high over his head and thrust it down onto<br />the bone, after five impacts, the bone finely fractured. The next<br />experiment involved the knapping of the thick bone. It was found that<br />the bone knapped like flint but easier, using traditional percussion<br />techniques. The bone even got step fractures like flint.<br /><br />AKNOWLEDGEMENTS:<br /><br />Data was gathered throught he personal interviews of: John Whitaker,<br />Charlie Shewey, Bob Patten, Jack Cresson, D.C. Waldorf, Val Waldorf,<br />Errett Callahan, Paul Hellweg, Richard Sanchez, Jeannie Binning,<br />Alton Safford, and Barney DeSimone.<br /><br />The information set forth in this text relied heavly on the fallowing<br />publications:<br /><br />Fintknapper's Exchange:<br />Atchiston, Inc.<br />4426 Constution N.E.<br />Albuquerque, NM 87110<br />Etidors: Errett Callahan, Jacqueline Nichols and Penelope Katson.<br /><br />Flintknapping Digest.<br />Harwood Archaeology<br />4911 Shadow Stone<br />Bakersfield, CA 93313<br />Editor: Ray Harwood<br /><br />Bulletin of Primitive Technology.<br />Journal of the Society of Primative Technology<br />P.O. Box 905<br />Rexburg, ID 83440<br />Dave Wescot, Editor<br /><br />Chips<br />Mound Builder Books<br />P.O. Box 702<br />Branson, MO. 65615<br />Editors: Val Waldorf, D.C. Waldorf and Dane Martin.<br /><br />New Flintknapper's Exchange.<br />High Fire Flints<br />11212 Hooper Road,<br />Baton Rouge, LA 70818<br />Editors: Jeff Behrnes, Steve Behernes and Chas Spear<br /><br />20Th Century Lithics.<br />Mound Builder Books<br />P.O. Box 702<br />Branson, MO. 65615<br />Editors: Val Waldorf and D.C. Waldorf.<br />:<br /><br />WARNING: Flintknapping is very dangerous and can cause serious health<br />problems, including death.<br />Ray Harwood, The World Flintknapping Society or any officer or<br />members of said society do not suggest you should attempt<br />flintknapping, do so only at your own risk. All those that are listed<br />in this history book wore protection.THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-41935491730454424502010-12-30T17:38:00.000-08:002010-12-30T17:39:20.444-08:00D.C. WALDORF- FLINTKNAPPER<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF0S8_YJ6dqC7F8o6LW1gEAOEVNuYfdiv0pifuq5MDI0AoBw9smPBu3RPuHLpXCQ8FyNhC72qNTZPc4CY6wz39JqL9762O2NQSL9y0U1IC1NBYhJUNtqv-JorIrCHKh8PugeryDY88J0E/s1600-h/rockey+hollow+knap+in+1988+dc+waldorft.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF0S8_YJ6dqC7F8o6LW1gEAOEVNuYfdiv0pifuq5MDI0AoBw9smPBu3RPuHLpXCQ8FyNhC72qNTZPc4CY6wz39JqL9762O2NQSL9y0U1IC1NBYhJUNtqv-JorIrCHKh8PugeryDY88J0E/s400/rockey+hollow+knap+in+1988+dc+waldorft.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148078328228580594" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilgNuGJFyXMLqFylB4pXesBvCQF4_9Q_AnnKUbpTsdJj4-cHaqO5UdYICxQAB6E7162QWZtEnEfVVSVytRZdwWatqQ325G6Rh2WZlHDUxdeqUTzSgrQI5T03q8B7STQdr4mgLLpJEKRuU/s1600-h/rocky+holly+knappin+1988+J.B+Solly++with+waldor+2.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilgNuGJFyXMLqFylB4pXesBvCQF4_9Q_AnnKUbpTsdJj4-cHaqO5UdYICxQAB6E7162QWZtEnEfVVSVytRZdwWatqQ325G6Rh2WZlHDUxdeqUTzSgrQI5T03q8B7STQdr4mgLLpJEKRuU/s400/rocky+holly+knappin+1988+J.B+Solly++with+waldor+2.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148078156429888738" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEismxMGVmnLpQv5bivEoBjaPjWpRJ-hWmuvSmcVlIClPumH1cR4YAjPk3MswsY4X_X18yFQ1MbWsONdyyjCnJHICCnRQE_arij65ZM54AuAKuJULLsa-OSWuMeHwqqUJuj3zbwrv1-wXlk/s1600-h/rocky+holly+knappin+1988+J.B+Solly++with+waldorf.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEismxMGVmnLpQv5bivEoBjaPjWpRJ-hWmuvSmcVlIClPumH1cR4YAjPk3MswsY4X_X18yFQ1MbWsONdyyjCnJHICCnRQE_arij65ZM54AuAKuJULLsa-OSWuMeHwqqUJuj3zbwrv1-wXlk/s400/rocky+holly+knappin+1988+J.B+Solly++with+waldorf.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148077872962047186" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8y7rdf5bp5c9FEHjj_TLsS2N03ucVZNeBOSyT63nJ22PFm-Tjz4K62Sjbeh123d5_DiI6Iy9RDbebLP0h6wu6HwHg92IQhmYeExeP66Mhyphenhyphen3FnfrwvaP0no0m-UFm8KEAlawxsVj-KV_Y/s1600-h/waldorf+bifacing.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8y7rdf5bp5c9FEHjj_TLsS2N03ucVZNeBOSyT63nJ22PFm-Tjz4K62Sjbeh123d5_DiI6Iy9RDbebLP0h6wu6HwHg92IQhmYeExeP66Mhyphenhyphen3FnfrwvaP0no0m-UFm8KEAlawxsVj-KV_Y/s400/waldorf+bifacing.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148077645328780482" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7oklNFGLKMXdvgrG8MLHI6uBjsPOk2rKxThQ64Or9hlnLKnJtTMmuUsM_pQgWEUE0Q8RLnCrFkjoyxYxygKGzdoHVnFiMDrTRPlJ7N4Xsv7F5d1768GUzGH8ju5ip7buqY1j4I52ZbBA/s1600-h/waldorf+lever+flaking+a+dagger.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7oklNFGLKMXdvgrG8MLHI6uBjsPOk2rKxThQ64Or9hlnLKnJtTMmuUsM_pQgWEUE0Q8RLnCrFkjoyxYxygKGzdoHVnFiMDrTRPlJ7N4Xsv7F5d1768GUzGH8ju5ip7buqY1j4I52ZbBA/s400/waldorf+lever+flaking+a+dagger.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148077456350219442" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe43FgSVJHFb78wnM3ImbBjCfPpSYF2_IoLK4YYagJFrkgxNV-uK-dqEgtgoUlRoL6vCmoKRskEcEWmMvYe3RHA34UijpZ4BNBIItAGs4t4MzWXGN2mWsP5iLLA2Vzf1s4vPNcSqWk1Qg/s1600-h/waldorf+maps+out+flakes.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe43FgSVJHFb78wnM3ImbBjCfPpSYF2_IoLK4YYagJFrkgxNV-uK-dqEgtgoUlRoL6vCmoKRskEcEWmMvYe3RHA34UijpZ4BNBIItAGs4t4MzWXGN2mWsP5iLLA2Vzf1s4vPNcSqWk1Qg/s400/waldorf+maps+out+flakes.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148077353271004322" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLLj9ZyvpEFcbwwKlXV7dqlwpN0Z-QmOjUUfF23Mp9CrddqXtTGl28eJi2tkJGMeusfeuku6Z0O6BLqRc3M9NQDs-wTWgQber09hFQ6un_ESSpy5EBtNCPF87zA0vzuQm2FMxXSMR9lLg/s1600-h/waldorf+table+top+knapping.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLLj9ZyvpEFcbwwKlXV7dqlwpN0Z-QmOjUUfF23Mp9CrddqXtTGl28eJi2tkJGMeusfeuku6Z0O6BLqRc3M9NQDs-wTWgQber09hFQ6un_ESSpy5EBtNCPF87zA0vzuQm2FMxXSMR9lLg/s400/waldorf+table+top+knapping.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148077224421985426" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik9BFAvI_F_2iZQKoTNWaKVPRZ5b3cw6qdQf_1WUVh1Ai4WuAHpDHZK2X6khmVpP5PU0K1rAbKU6IgZbU3nJEpEDCbxB5CrbKz-k5QUHCQliF3PYqDkIpLeKRwt9edFKLkFxRBgktbBBY/s1600-h/waldorf+with+solly+behind.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik9BFAvI_F_2iZQKoTNWaKVPRZ5b3cw6qdQf_1WUVh1Ai4WuAHpDHZK2X6khmVpP5PU0K1rAbKU6IgZbU3nJEpEDCbxB5CrbKz-k5QUHCQliF3PYqDkIpLeKRwt9edFKLkFxRBgktbBBY/s400/waldorf+with+solly+behind.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148077125637737602" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgn3gZh1NiIdJ_Bwm-PyHAecmFXYdFJH50FxLrkNpYC57Lsq2yGqqh_KCxM7NEBZHbHk3SCFebDXtX54zIXbalIEDklQ6_qV44fPY0KydEuRvd45m3hkPnTBIPOZsrkxYAAUnXOVFlD14/s1600-h/waldorf's+arm+injury.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgn3gZh1NiIdJ_Bwm-PyHAecmFXYdFJH50FxLrkNpYC57Lsq2yGqqh_KCxM7NEBZHbHk3SCFebDXtX54zIXbalIEDklQ6_qV44fPY0KydEuRvd45m3hkPnTBIPOZsrkxYAAUnXOVFlD14/s400/waldorf's+arm+injury.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148077005378653298" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZp8jCsYe-QPa3Yfpd1miEWLDDtHD1QW-pZJVYYF88FFS8iQ-bpqZyWuSafllhPQ_-SSXihmGa7PN_fYOyDwq85-MQKb2AKOisW83BhNnpToE_ohnXfQd9FTuvghR2D2PEDJbtlM1O2d8/s1600-h/waldorf's+dagger+with+sollberger.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZp8jCsYe-QPa3Yfpd1miEWLDDtHD1QW-pZJVYYF88FFS8iQ-bpqZyWuSafllhPQ_-SSXihmGa7PN_fYOyDwq85-MQKb2AKOisW83BhNnpToE_ohnXfQd9FTuvghR2D2PEDJbtlM1O2d8/s400/waldorf's+dagger+with+sollberger.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148076855054797922" /></a><br />When I was a kid I was very interested in arrowheads. I used to find them once in a while when hunting with my dad and brother. Like many folks dabling in flintknapping I eventually came upon Waldorf's book, "Art of Flintknapping". The books has sold many thousands of copies and is considered a classic. I never had enough flint around to learn his method, but I used to read it and gaze at the photos often. Waldorf also wrote in the original "Flintknappers Exchange" - the classic knapping publication that brought knappers together from academic and folk communities. I met D.C. Waldorf in 1984, through my old newsletter, "Flintknapping Digest" <br /><br />At eight years old old D.C. became interested in Indian traditional technologies. At about fourteen years of age he discovered the a nail could pry flakes from the edge of broken glass and flint spalls. Later he found that ciopper and deer tines worked better for the pressure knapping method. D.C started percussion knapping about 1968 after reading Howell's book "Early Man". H was, at the time one of only a hand full of knappers on the planet. He joined the Archaeological Society of Ohio. His point become so well made that he was banned from selling or displaying them at the meeting. <br /><br />Waldorf uses antler and stone for percussion and copper and antler for pressure. D.C. and his wife Val took over the "Flintknapping Digest",at my request, and turned it into "CHIPS" - this was a huge success. He also wrote many other books, including <br />novels out of his rural Missouri cabin. D.C. and Val made a good living with "Mound Builder Books". Later D.C. Waldorf became one of the pioneers of the new Danish Dagger movement. He worked with other dagger knappers on occasion such as Callahan and Stafford.THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-38120862369147106372010-12-30T17:35:00.000-08:002010-12-30T17:37:21.432-08:00JIM SPEARS -FLINTKNAPPER<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_vDWWS5z3lW3n_HfWxw8745cgICngDIXGIL-rV4JO19gGy1QgbMaEYNeKpN1Ufbeci-8s1fmmciCQxM0iaEk3O91gxUQwz915vogmG2cZoh18L5oRpshgBMv-tx-Ikq7XTp7JcvnjzY4/s1600-h/jim+spears+4.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_vDWWS5z3lW3n_HfWxw8745cgICngDIXGIL-rV4JO19gGy1QgbMaEYNeKpN1Ufbeci-8s1fmmciCQxM0iaEk3O91gxUQwz915vogmG2cZoh18L5oRpshgBMv-tx-Ikq7XTp7JcvnjzY4/s400/jim+spears+4.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150647178233089410" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUvZA4eAbNhE8nFR3iIxQcJqt_r7YWebFRpTZjqPlCRG2BsvJzL8ez8WrHQVmVQ38A43wLlOAdqlScc0ZoowyODe5LJp9FHG27tt1ftgZkMwFTmL4IMv5tvlNfqnSctvlreMqfVB8Gv6I/s1600-h/jim+spears+5.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUvZA4eAbNhE8nFR3iIxQcJqt_r7YWebFRpTZjqPlCRG2BsvJzL8ez8WrHQVmVQ38A43wLlOAdqlScc0ZoowyODe5LJp9FHG27tt1ftgZkMwFTmL4IMv5tvlNfqnSctvlreMqfVB8Gv6I/s400/jim+spears+5.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150647049384070514" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHsTpJqX_wqmsDKagqQpdDaCGuT5PteN4RxD-bUaN7adDahHNIUhrwVzmsz3Gy9udvZwrhiKqtmKQ3k1ta0JE5atoZheJqE0oW83859fXbqCikiiqDHz-LfT9FH9eXvyqDdJoYbBPGtJQ/s1600-h/jimspears+6.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHsTpJqX_wqmsDKagqQpdDaCGuT5PteN4RxD-bUaN7adDahHNIUhrwVzmsz3Gy9udvZwrhiKqtmKQ3k1ta0JE5atoZheJqE0oW83859fXbqCikiiqDHz-LfT9FH9eXvyqDdJoYbBPGtJQ/s400/jimspears+6.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150646864700476770" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLH7rBNk9MgrP6z9iNkYhk0inkq3p3X8W8u1D9nL-vEqvI5m_CI50R9N1E58EeGsYR6m6dCj54ZPLCVi15YjjTYtBKE0ecf4NPeHGaEi1Vb-mZ2C_LbEnObihRZLP8qi-jX7FYn7Z1K68/s1600-h/jim+spears+7.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLH7rBNk9MgrP6z9iNkYhk0inkq3p3X8W8u1D9nL-vEqvI5m_CI50R9N1E58EeGsYR6m6dCj54ZPLCVi15YjjTYtBKE0ecf4NPeHGaEi1Vb-mZ2C_LbEnObihRZLP8qi-jX7FYn7Z1K68/s400/jim+spears+7.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150646714376621394" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQYcrBqos5LQfFGvuE13-jtaxszXmIEDHS1hWipZCk23TQbSWdW6XD-WVGw301EQVdVFdRvTuwxMPzw3r317CPyXnJxqI9kCPh__Pt2yC9SP4TzuwoBBgrJTEU79CxG78Vxes5PPCS6DE/s1600-h/JIM+SPEARS+8.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQYcrBqos5LQfFGvuE13-jtaxszXmIEDHS1hWipZCk23TQbSWdW6XD-WVGw301EQVdVFdRvTuwxMPzw3r317CPyXnJxqI9kCPh__Pt2yC9SP4TzuwoBBgrJTEU79CxG78Vxes5PPCS6DE/s400/JIM+SPEARS+8.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150646495333289282" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL56Px9qc0WWynIxy3x_4wPQEDVnmmUCcWk_-JaZ3FEWTP42Q9abbHxtrCqmPXHwYCQMDT32eBMy4ja2jkC5OeR6T_-I1ow74dyhSmpDwp-Z6N5m3Xs208PDl0qk2IVdVC6NkikF3L-qk/s1600-h/JIM+SPEARS+9.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL56Px9qc0WWynIxy3x_4wPQEDVnmmUCcWk_-JaZ3FEWTP42Q9abbHxtrCqmPXHwYCQMDT32eBMy4ja2jkC5OeR6T_-I1ow74dyhSmpDwp-Z6N5m3Xs208PDl0qk2IVdVC6NkikF3L-qk/s400/JIM+SPEARS+9.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150646327829564722" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIeMpGHXaspBQCZO8zAGvpiez3Y37tNeiCioLq8KJ6bXYFQWBFmrgUs01f0T87-_HKLKbkuOYSjrSdNgRO59fHDdVhyES1f5zWzm-POmwvBtMvQTqQML0AhCSgngdtMRe8b7qkU9jD04U/s1600-h/JIMSPEARS+10.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIeMpGHXaspBQCZO8zAGvpiez3Y37tNeiCioLq8KJ6bXYFQWBFmrgUs01f0T87-_HKLKbkuOYSjrSdNgRO59fHDdVhyES1f5zWzm-POmwvBtMvQTqQML0AhCSgngdtMRe8b7qkU9jD04U/s400/JIMSPEARS+10.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150646143145970978" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_D2wAqD2fXqPKHxkP4LWGo27pnRMVFvc1L0FWPSEHlbqvZntiGLCCBY7RCEheZ2jWWJKquRS-_yTnahWl53bcdD6pjbtD5uEgh9n6EqvqzaDYmMxPnhK6CpYHQjOJ3AoLsiaBWWho8_w/s1600-h/JIM+SPEARS+11.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_D2wAqD2fXqPKHxkP4LWGo27pnRMVFvc1L0FWPSEHlbqvZntiGLCCBY7RCEheZ2jWWJKquRS-_yTnahWl53bcdD6pjbtD5uEgh9n6EqvqzaDYmMxPnhK6CpYHQjOJ3AoLsiaBWWho8_w/s400/JIM+SPEARS+11.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150645971347279122" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-EjPqGTJ471XODN6tv0pIuaUSjsCVtERzWHHONYh7u9Ue2XF1HGIsjKPTwrZnr6e0Ar_KSGrtyGrGSCrQdTqhrEjIMqeLijVqVtVYSyUPRJLULO9-Uvl2VlEZ4Ej8hVlLgn6mwrL2ypo/s1600-h/JIM+SPEARS+12.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-EjPqGTJ471XODN6tv0pIuaUSjsCVtERzWHHONYh7u9Ue2XF1HGIsjKPTwrZnr6e0Ar_KSGrtyGrGSCrQdTqhrEjIMqeLijVqVtVYSyUPRJLULO9-Uvl2VlEZ4Ej8hVlLgn6mwrL2ypo/s400/JIM+SPEARS+12.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150645760893881602" /></a><br />I have actually never met Jim Spears, but he is one of my favorite knappers. He was mentioned in the Waldorf book, The Art Of Flintknapping, but was sort of a phantom, not caring much for the publishing and so on. To me he was sort of a mystery. Jim Spears met Waldorf in the parking lot of a black powder shoot one day and they hit it off right away, this was when knappers were as rare as hen's teeth. Jim's lithic masterpieces were created in the traditional billet knapping methodology and were prized by collectors of the genera world over. He knapped in the Sollutrean style, at least from what I have seen on film. He has undoubtedly influenced dozens, if not hundreds of knappers. It is difficult to separate the influence of Spears and Waldorf on the knapping world, they are sort of attached at the hip in some respects. <br /><br />Jim Spears, the knapper that pioneered modern theory of isolated<br />platforms for large Cado blade thinning, was born September 5th,<br />1942, and had been interested in artifacts and stone tools all of his<br />life. . When Jim got out of the Navy he inquired around about<br />knapping and eventually saw a man using a beer can, or bear bottle<br />opener to pressure flake the edges of spalls, it was a twisting<br />motion. This discovery fascinated Jim, but before long he discovered<br />that a deer antler and dolomite hammerstones were the way to go. Jim<br />moved to Noel in 1965 and made his first flint point around 1966, he<br />has made over ten thousand points since. When Jim would get off work<br />at a trailer making company, he would go out in the woods and knapp.<br />After many years and many tons of flint he became one of the best<br />flintknappers of all time, his large, thin, patterned percussion<br />blades of colorful flint are masterful and each is a work of<br />art. "Jim pieces" as they are affectionately called by collectors,<br />fetch a handsome price. The largest noviculite point ever made was<br />a `Jim peace" and was 20 inches long, and was unheated.THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-772538940726461248.post-49157472350227557132010-12-30T17:34:00.001-08:002010-12-30T17:34:41.524-08:00Chumash Indian Style Sparticus Sword<strong>Chumash Indian Style Sparticus Sword</strong><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHHcg5TNKOfi8BZ1MNUBRMxPXy0aLk7HUqn-2VIfCPPz8gMxW5XZZ0lJAML4jY6qxL5Go-VxBDx_8e0OIov74dOY97CC0Dh5bIuGSsWLT29bLUzXrWUbBb8cRctORTloYL-VrGwYNwM4bz/s1600-h/CHUMASH+STYLE+SPARTICUS+SWORD+002.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHHcg5TNKOfi8BZ1MNUBRMxPXy0aLk7HUqn-2VIfCPPz8gMxW5XZZ0lJAML4jY6qxL5Go-VxBDx_8e0OIov74dOY97CC0Dh5bIuGSsWLT29bLUzXrWUbBb8cRctORTloYL-VrGwYNwM4bz/s400/CHUMASH+STYLE+SPARTICUS+SWORD+002.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309520201207807490" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXhNh6ENzY08WhxgKfsVQHWeQL6VGwEeJH24Ir6U0aH54Q-2J6dC0wvvpCBBLc8NUKyhkGc93J1Z0mMuHOEiggyoVSok_fpS7d_ef59-JNuKoNlnhnwpvV_FBvAsRQGy3Vtu0ZS33oxzdO/s1600-h/CHUMASH+STYLE+SPARTICUS+SWORD+001.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXhNh6ENzY08WhxgKfsVQHWeQL6VGwEeJH24Ir6U0aH54Q-2J6dC0wvvpCBBLc8NUKyhkGc93J1Z0mMuHOEiggyoVSok_fpS7d_ef59-JNuKoNlnhnwpvV_FBvAsRQGy3Vtu0ZS33oxzdO/s400/CHUMASH+STYLE+SPARTICUS+SWORD+001.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309520194963484210" /></a><br /><br />Purple Sheen Obsidian, opaque, obtained from the Bowden Brothers, was knapped into a 12 inch by 3 inch blade and mounted into a hand carved handle. Mounted with Carpenteria-<br />Chumash tar adhesive and trimmed with modern made Chumash like beading.<br /><br /><br />The Chumash made these but alot smaller. I think they are the ones you descripbed. The swaord is Chumash style but not a replica of anything , I was trying to make a Sparton short sword but used Chumash style carved wood handle with "Carpenteria - tar" with Chumash<br />style inlaid beads. I alwaays loved how the Chumash inlaid the supper white dentillian shell beads into the pitch black Carpeteria Tar, witch gave a really cool contrast, like stars in the night sky. I left the handle a little rough to simulate the craft style of that area near Ventura, California.THE RESEARCH JOURNALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03909140189852687017noreply@blogger.com0